护理学位论文现象学研究方法中访谈提纲设计方法的内容分析

目的对我国护理学专业研究生学位论文的现象学研究中访谈提纲设计方法进行定量内容分析,以期为现象学研究中访谈提纲的设计提供方法学上的参考。方法检索万方中文学位论文数据库中护理专业现象学研究类的学位论文,经筛选最终纳入108篇,采用内容分析法依据自行设计的编码表对论文中所采用的质性访谈提纲设计方法进行内容分析。结果现有研究成果的回顾(75.9%)和专业人员的指导(30.6%)是初拟访谈提纲的主要来源;预访谈(47.2%)是修订访谈提纲的主要方法,专业人员指导(37.0%)也是修订访谈提纲阶段较常采用的方法。结论建议质性研究者在现有文献回顾的基础上形成访谈提纲初稿,经预访谈修订访谈提纲,而专业人员的指导可适用于整个访谈提纲的设计过程中;现有质性研究相关的文献质量评价标准中缺少访谈提纲设计方法学层面的评价条目,建议今后在现象学研究的设计中加强对访谈提纲设计方法的规范和评价。     

北京市中学生进食障碍检出率研究的结构式会谈结果报告

目的：初步调查进食障碍在北京市女中学生中的发病情况,方法：在对261名女中学生的问卷筛查的基础上,对38名在节食状况测查表和进食障碍症状调查问卷中得高分的被试（占总数15％）进行了结构式的会谈调查,会谈问题由进食障碍的诊断标准及有关资料编制而成。结果：在面谈中发现4例与贪食症有关的非典型性进食障碍的个案,即非典型性进食障碍的检出率为1．1％。     

Patterns of comorbidity and the use of health services in the Dutch population.

BACKGROUND: The study objective was to examine the relation between combinations of chronic conditions in the same person and the volume and variety of health care utilization. METHODS: Analysis of continuous Netherlands Health Interview Survey data (1990-1997). The study population consisted of adults (16 years and older) reporting at least one chronic condition from the following six disease clusters: musculoskeletal diseases, lung diseases, neurological disorders, heart diseases, diabetes, and cancer (n = 13,806). Health care utilization is categorized in terms of contacts in the preceding year with a general practitioner (GP), medical specialist, physiotherapist, home help and/or home nursing, and hospital admission. Utilization was adjusted for age, gender and year of interview. Statistical methods used are contingency table analysis and (logistic) multiple regression. RESULTS: Almost one-fifth of the study population reported more than one chronic condition. Musculoskeletal disease, in addition to being the most common single condition, was found to be the condition most likely to occur with one of the remaining five disease clusters. Seven per cent reported not having used any services at all. Two-thirds of the study population used at least two different services in the previous year. In contrast, 26% of the study population reported comprehensive utilization patterns (GP and/or home care and/or physiotherapist and/or medical specialist and/or hospitalization: minimum of three types). Persons with more than one chronic condition reported having used more services, in terms of volume and variety, than those with only one condition. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong association between comorbidity and the volume and variety of health care services that are used. Since many people have comorbid conditions, their use of health services is more complex than would be suggested by a one-disease approach. New disease management systems need to be developed to reflect the multiplicity of health care needs of the growing number patients with more than one chronic condition.     

Validity of occupational exposure and smoking data obtained from surviving spouses and colleagues

The accuracy of exposure data from surrogate sources such as spouses and colleagues was estimated in an historical cohort of 10,059 metal workers. In a 2 year period from 1986 to 1988, 118 subjects who, in 1986, answered a questionnaire on occupational exposures and smoking habits had died. In 1988 spouses and long-term colleagues were interviewed on the same items. Separate contingency tables were developed comparing case and spouse/colleague responses. Percentage of concordance, sensitivity, specificity, the kappa measure of agreement, and a bias factor (exposed to nonexposed ratio between surrogates and cohort members) were calculated. Compared with the index subjects indications, the colleagues' and spouses' reports represented a moderately high level of concordance on occupational exposures, primarily for exposures with a moderate prevalence. There was a considerable under-reporting on both occupational exposures and smoking habits expressed in low values of sensitivity and bias factor values below one. The described misclassification of exposure data by using surrogate information might seriously influence the risk estimation and introduce bias. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

飞行学员情绪稳定性评定效标的验证性因子分析模型比较

目的 建立飞行学员情绪稳定性评价模型,为飞行学员情绪稳定性的评价提供效标工具。方法 通过与63名现役飞行员和飞行教员的结构式访谈,编制出有9个项目的“飞行学员情绪稳定性效标评价量表”;由该飞行员和飞行教员采用该量表对153名19～21岁飞行学员的情绪稳定性进行评价。结果 Spearman相关分析表明,除项目1外,其余8个项目间均存达显著性相关(P＜0．05);探索性因子分析显示,9个项目分为3个次级因子;验证性因子分析显示,模型4获得最佳验证效果。结论 飞行学员情绪稳定性效标体系由飞行操作稳定性、飞行前紧张和一般外显情绪组成。     

Phénoménologie expérientielle de l’algie vasculaire de la face (AVF)

Objectives

Cluster headache (CH) is a rare disease (1 to 3/1000), predominant in men (sex ratio: four men/one woman) and characterized by frequent very painful paroxystic attacks occurring sometimes eight times by day. CH is a disease without lesion and impairs the quality of life of patients. Attacks occur only on the same hemiface and can last from 15 minutes to 3 hours. The pain is particularly severe and a frequent and extreme psychiatric symptomatology is observed during the attacks. Treatments are rare and not always efficient: sumatriptan, oxygen, LSD, psilocybin. In this paper, we try to answer to the question: “What does that make you to have a cluster headache attack?” using elicitation interview developed by Vermersch.