肝炎肝硬化患者肠壁通透性变化与细菌移位的临床研究

目的探讨肝炎肝硬化患者肠壁通透性与细菌及其毒素移位的关系。方法选择乙型肝炎肝硬化患者57例和16例健康志愿者,其中肝硬化患者按Child-Pugh分级分成A级14例,B级15例,C级28例。用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定各组尿中乳果糖和甘露醇（L/M）比值,同时采用鲎试验检测血浆内毒素,比较各组以及合并自发性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）患者两指标改变情况。结果肝硬化各组内毒素水平均较正常对照组显著升高（P〈0.05）,而L/M值仅在肝硬化C级组显著升高（P〈0.01）,合并SBP肝硬化患者较未合并SBP肝硬化患者L/M值显著升高（P〈0.01）。结论严重肝硬化和合并腹腔感染的肝硬化患者肠壁通透性升高,是产生肠源性感染的重要机制。     

胆色素结石与肠屏障关系的动物实验及临床观察

目的 探讨胆色素结石形成与肠屏障功能间的关系及作用机制.方法 豚鼠80只随机分为对照组(CON)20只、成石组(PS)30只、肠黏膜保护组(GLN)30只,分别给予正常饲料、胆色素结石致石饮食、添加肠黏膜保护剂谷氨酰胺的致石饮食,饲养8周建立胆囊胆色素结石模型.检测并比较各组胆结石成石率、血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)、血浆内毒素、尿甘露醇/乳果糖排泄率、腹腔淋巴结细菌移位和胆汁β-葡萄糖醛酸酶(β-G酶)活性.临床病例59例,分为对照组、胆同醇结石组、胆色素结石组,检测并比较各组血浆DAO、血浆内毒素.另选临床病例130例,分为对照组、胆固醇结石组、胆色素结石组,检测并比较各组尿99mTc-DTPA排泄率.结果 豚鼠模型中,成石组成石率为73.9%,与正常组相比,成石组血浆DAO、血浆内毒素水平、尿甘露醇/乳果糖排泄率、腹腔淋巴结细菌阳性率和内、外源性胆汁β-葡萄糖醛酸酶活性增高.肠黏膜保护组成石率下降至44.4%,除胆汁β-葡萄糖醛酸酶活性外其余各指标均较成石组降低.临床实验中,结石组患者血浆DAO、血浆内毒素水平高于对照组,胆色素结石组患者尿99mTc-DTPA排泄率高于对照组.结论 动物模型中胆色素结石豚鼠和临床实验中胆结石患者均存在肠黏膜屏障功能异常,胆色素结石形成与肠屏障功能异常之间具有一定的相关性.肠屏障功能异常可能通过细菌移位机制在促进胆色素结石的形成中发挥一定的作用.     

鼓膜置管治疗成人分泌性中耳炎100例分析

目的分析鼓膜置管对成人分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法回顾性分析成人100例（162耳）分泌性中耳炎鼓膜置管术的疗效。结果治愈103耳（63．5％）,好转31耳（19．1％）,无效28耳（17．2％）,总有效率为82．6％。结论鼓膜置管术是治疗成人分泌性中耳炎的有效治疗方法。     

陕西汉族35个插入/缺失位点的多态性与遗传结构分析

目的 分型并评估35个插入/缺失多态性(DIP)位点在陕西汉族中的多态性及法医学应用效能,并探索陕西汉族的群体遗传结构。方法 收集来自陕西地区汉族305名无关健康个体血样,基于课题组前期甄选并构建的包含35个DIP位点的复合扩增体系进行检测和分型,并计算35个DIP位点的等位基因频率和法医学参数。通过分子方差分析、系统发育树的构建、多维尺度分析、主成分分析和遗传结构分析,进一步探索陕西汉族与29个参考群体之间的群体遗传关系。结果 35个DIP位点在陕西汉族中累积的个体识别率和非父排除率值分别为0.999 999 999 999 991 119和0.9991。群体遗传学分析结果显示陕西汉族与我国不同地区的汉族群体遗传关系更近。结论 35个DIP位点在陕西汉族的多态性较高,可应用于法医学个体识别,也为陕西汉族的群体遗传学研究提供了基础数据。     

女性生殖器插入障碍诊疗效果观察

目的探索女性生殖器插入障碍的治疗方法,提高婚姻生活质量。方法对因女性生殖器插入障碍前来长沙市妇幼保健院就诊的患者进行治疗,尝试对阴道插入障碍患者进行分级评估,观察治疗效果,总结治疗经验。结果接受治疗的38例患者中,有21例治疗成功,12例有效,3例失访,2例放弃治疗。结论女性生殖器插入障碍的流行病学调查和诊治规范亟待关注,治疗需要性教育、性治疗和心理治疗的有机结合。开展全面性教育,需要全社会共同努力。     

鼓室置管治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

目的 探讨鼓室置管治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的疗效和并发症。方法 回顾性分析了我科1997年～2001年经鼓室置管治疗的45例(78耳)儿童SOM的临床资料。结果 45例随访1-2年，85％耳(35例，66耳)听力明显改善，鼓室导抗图恢复成A型。结论 积极改善咽鼓管功能并适当延长留管时间，防止过早脱管对提高儿童SOM的治愈率有着积极的意义。     

Absence of the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma

BACKGROUND: The t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation is found in the majority of nodal follicular lymphomas and in a lower percentage of systemic high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. The translocation results in the juxtaposition of the bcl-2 gene on chromosome 18 with the immunoglobulin heavy chain joining region on chromosome 14. Bcl-2 protein prevents apoptosis and the translocation leads to overexpression of a functionally normal Bcl-2 protein that prevents apoptosis of neoplastic cells. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to analyse cases of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) for the presence of the t(14;18) translocation and to correlate the results with Bcl-2 expression and histological subtype. METHODS: Forty-four cutaneous B-cell lymphoid proliferations (36 PCBCL, four follicular B-cell lymphomas with cutaneous presentation and four reactive B-cell infiltrates) were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using consensus primers for the joining region on the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in combination with either a primer for the major breakpoint region (MBR) or the minor cluster region (mcr) on chromosome 18. RESULTS: None of 36 PCBCL analysed demonstrated a t(14;18) translocation; however, three of four systemic follicular B-cell lymphomas presenting in the skin were found to have a translocation in the MBR, which was confirmed by sequence analysis. Correlation with Bcl-2 immunostaining showed that of seven patients with high-grade cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, four were Bcl-2 positive but had no evidence of a t(14;18) translocation. In the five cases classified as primary cutaneous follicle centre cell lymphoma, the neoplastic cells within the germinal centres failed to express Bcl-2. However, Bcl-2-positive neoplastic cells were present in all four cases of systemic follicular lymphoma, including the case that did not show a t(14;18) translocation. In all cases of marginal zone lymphoma the marginal zone lymphocytes were Bcl-2 positive. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the t(14;18) translocation does not occur in PCBCL, which suggests the involvement of different pathogenetic mechanisms compared with their nodal counterparts. Furthermore, the detection of a t(14;18) translocation in cutaneous B-cell lymphoma should suggest the presence of systemic disease, which underlies the need for exhaustive staging procedures.     

妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血与胎盘脐带附着异常的相关性研究

【】 目的 研究通过超声检测分析妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血程度对与妊娠中期胎盘形态脐带附着部位的影响之间的相关性,提高对脐带附着异常发病机制的认识。方法 以2017年25月-2018年117月经超声诊断妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血的7979例孕妇为研究对象,按照有无血肿和出血面积与孕囊面积的比值分为三四组：正常组、少量出血组、中等量出血组,大量出血组,同时收集早孕超声检查正常、无任何并发症的妊娠孕妇102例为对照组,超声随访记录胎儿结构筛查期二维超声及彩色多普勒超声记录脐带附着部位,孕期严密随访至分娩,并于分娩或剖宫产后检查胎盘,观察是否存在胎盘、脐带异常妊娠中期胎盘厚度、胎盘附着面积大小、胎盘实质有无血池及有无脐带附着部位异常等观察指标,并进行χ2检验或Fisher’s 确切概率法检验。结果 7979例妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血,结构筛查期妊娠中期胎盘增厚、胎盘附着面积局限,胎盘实质内血池,以及脐带异常附着的发生率分别为64.56% 、46.84% 、53.16%、13.92%,其结果明显高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);脐带附着胎盘形态异常的发生率随妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血程度的加重而增加,少量出血自行吸收快,对胎盘形态的影响脐带附着位置影响较小,胎盘增厚、胎盘附着面积局限,胎盘实质内血池,脐带异常附着发生率依次为30.30%、9.09%、27.27%、为3.03%,中等量出血发生率分别为：95.45%、72.73%、68.18%、13.64%,大量出血发生率分别为：83.33%、75.00%、75.00%、29.17%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 妊娠早期发生不同程度的绒毛膜下出血与,妊娠过程中脐带异常附着具有相关性,了解绒毛膜下出血对脐带附着位置的影响,进一步明确脐带附着异常的发病机制,胎盘形态更容易发生改变,超声监测妊娠早期血肿大小能间接反映胎盘功能,从而指导妊娠,最大限度减少不良妊娠的发生。     

RNA sequencing steps toward the first line

• DNA is the sequence that codes for proteins.
• Messenger RNA is transcribed from the DNA sequence of genes and translated into protein.
• It can be difficult to predict how a change in the DNA sequence will affect messenger RNA and protein quantity and quality.
• DNA translocation changes can cause the joining of sequences from two different genes or different parts of the same gene.
• DNA sequencing is often used clinically to predict how DNA changes might affect proteins.
• Alternatively, RNA sequencing can be used as a more direct measure of the effect of DNA changes on the protein products.
• This sequencing is important for identifying changes in cancer that may indicate response to targeted therapy, prognosis, or diagnosis.