血小板活化因子、癌胚抗原、糖类抗原724在结直肠癌中的表达及与临床病理特征的关系

目的:探讨血小板活化因子(PAF)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原724(CA-724)在结直肠癌(CRC)患者术前血清中的阳性表达率及与临床病理特征的关系、发病的独立危险因素。方法:选取2019年12月至2021年10月于包头医学院第一附属医院就诊的CRC患者75例为CRC组,另选取同时期在本院体检的健康志愿者75例为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法分别检测CRC患者术前及对照组的晨空腹外周静脉血PAF含量;回顾性分析上述入组患者术前血清CEA、CA-724含量,进行统计分析。结果:(1)CRC组PAF、CEA、CA-724单独检测和联合检测的阳性率分别为25.33%、42.67%、30.67%、74.67%,均高于对照组,且联合检测的阳性率均高于单独检测指标的阳性率,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)单因素方差分析结果显示,血清CEA表达水平的影响因素为患者的淋巴结转移(P<0.05);血清CA-724表达水平的影响因素为患者的年龄(P<0.05);(3)二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,PAF表达在临床病理特征之间的差异无统计学意义(P&...     

黑龙江省2019—2021年肾综合征出血热患者血清标本抗体检测

目的 检测黑龙江省2019—2021年肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS)疑似患者血清标本中的汉坦病毒急性期和恢复期抗体水平,为该疾病防控提供科学依据。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附法对采集到的肾综合征出血热疑似患者急性期血清样本进行汉坦病毒IgM抗体检测,对恢复期血清标本进行IgM单抗体、IgG单抗体检测,使用SPSS 19.0软件对各年份间患者急性期血样IgM抗体阳性率进行χ²检验分析,使用EpiData 3.1和Excel2003软件对患者性别、职业、年龄、发病日期及初诊间隔时间数据进行整理分析。结果 共检测肾综合征出血热疑似患者急性期血清351份,恢复期血清208份。急性期血清标本IgM抗体阳性317份,阳性率为90.31%,各年份之间患者急性期IgM抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.895,P=0.639)。患者恢复期血清IgM单抗体阳性32份(15.39%);血清IgG单抗体阳性28份(13.46%);IgM、IgG抗体双阳性148份(71.15%)。男女患者性别比4...     

间接复位有限内固定加外固定支架治疗Pilon骨折

目的 评价间接复位有限内固定加外固定支架治疗Pilon骨折的效果。方法 对进行间接复位有限内固定加外固定支架治疗的19例Pilon骨折患者随访10个月～5年。结果 采用Helfet标准进行疗效评价，优13例(I型6例，Ⅱ型5例，Ⅲ型2例)，良4例(Ⅱ型3例，Ⅲ型1例)，差2例(Ⅲ型)。结论 该方法保护骨折部软组织附着，间接复位稳定固定可提高骨折愈合率及愈合速度。     

基于胆汁泡相糖蛋白特征而研制诊断胆结石ELISA药盒的可行性分析

目的:分析胆汁泡相糖蛋白的特征并评估其ELISA药盒临床应用的可行性。方法:应用凝集素探针介导的点印迹法分析泡蛋白糖链的组成与结构,利用酶解方法测定泡蛋白各组分的构成,并分析其氨基酸组成。利用Westernblot法分析胆汁与血清泡蛋白的同源性,根据ELISAkit测定泡蛋白的含量分布,并以ROC曲线判别ELISAkit的临床应用价值。结果:化学分析泡蛋白由多肽和寡糖组成,其中多肽分子量约为21u,糖链约占总蛋白含量的37.3%,为核心岩藻糖丰富的多天线复杂型聚糖。泡蛋白具胆汁与血清分布两相性,胆固醇性结石组胆囊胆汁和血清33.5u泡蛋白含量分别为(213.4±70.1)μg/ml、(179.8±97.9)μg/ml,明显高于胆色素性结石症组和正常对照组(P<0.05),而后两者间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。ELISAkit判断胆固醇性结石的胆汁相敏感度和特异度分别为85%和90%,而血清相为61.7%和93.3%。结论:胆汁泡蛋白是一种新认识的胆结石促成核因子,其在不同人群中具有表达谱的异质性,ELISAkit辅助诊断胆石症具有一定的临床应用价值,但尚需更多病例的积累和验证。     

Epidemiology of injuries in gymnastics

A prospective one-year epidemiological study was carried out to determine the injury incidence and the injury mechanisms in different groups of gymnasts and to identify possible risk factors. A total of 115 gymnasts with a median age of 16 (8-25) were followed through a whole season of median 48 weeks (ranges 40–51). The overall injury incidence was 85 per 100 gymnasts per season, ranging from 27 in subelite males to 157 in subelite females. This high incidence is partly explained by the use of a sensitive injury definition, the high exposure time, and the large proportion of highly competitive gymnasts in the population. Considering the exposure time, however, the incidence is lower than in most other sports, 1.6 per 1000 h of gymnastic activity. Subelite female gymnasts were more commonly injured than other artistic gymnasts, in particular in relation to balance beam exercises and inadequate spotting. Injuries were predominantly localized to the lower extremities (64%) for the whole population of gymnasts. A siwcantly large proportion of the male artistic gymnasts, nevertheless, sustained upper extremity injuries corresponding to their apparatus performance. Most injuries were of mild or moderate severity, the recovery time was, however, considerable (median 30 days, ranges 1–365), and the injuries sustained during competition had a median recovery period of 180 days (7-270). Twenty-two per cent of the injuries resulted in a recovery period of more than 6 months. Re-evaluation of the criteria of the score system for dismount as well as an increased use of spotters during practice and high-risk events are possible measures to prevent serious injuries.     

Identification of HLA‐DR4‐restricted immunogenic peptide derived from xenogenic porcine major histocompatibility complex class I molecule

Park C‐S, Kim K‐H, Im S‐A, Song S, Lee C‐K. Identification of HLA‐DR4‐restricted immunogenic peptide derived from xenogenic porcine major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 317–322. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Indirect recognition of xenoantigens has been implicated as the major mechanism underlying xenospecific CD4⁺ T‐cell activation in chronic rejection. We identified swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)‐derived immunogenic peptides that are presented in the context of human HLA‐DR4 molecules. The SLA class I‐derived peptides that bind HLA‐DRB1*0401, a representative of the DR4 supertype, were predicted using a computer‐assisted algorithm. The candidate peptides were synthesized, and their binding capacities to HLA‐DRB1*0401 were compared in a competitive ELISA using biotinylated hemagglutinin reporter peptides [HA_307‐319]. Peptide‐11 (LRSWTAADTAAQISK) was determined to exhibit the most potent binding capacity to HLA‐DRB1*0401 in vitro and thus selected for in vivo immunization. Immunization of HLA‐DRB1*0401‐transgenic mice with peptide‐11 elicited potent CD4⁺ Th1 responses. Peptide‐11 shares homology to α2 domains of three SLA‐1 alleles, six SLA‐2 alleles, and 14 SLA‐3 alleles. Thus, this study has important implications not only for the identification of an immunogenic indirect epitope shared by diverse SLA class I alleles, but also for the development of epitope‐specific immunoregulation strategies.     

腹腔镜经腹膜前无张力疝修补术(TAPP)治疗小儿巨大腹股沟疝

目的探讨腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal herniorrhaphy,TAPP)治疗小儿巨大腹股沟斜疝的临床疗效。方法 2008年10月～2011年1月,对24例3～14岁(平均6.6岁)患儿阴囊包块直径≥6 cm,内环直径≥2 cm的巨大腹股沟斜疝行TAPP术。经脐及稍下两侧腹直肌外缘置入5 mm trocar,在内环外上缘剪开壁腹膜,游离疝囊,将补片覆盖整个缺损,用3-0可吸收线缝合补片边缘在腹直肌、耻骨梳韧带及联合腱上,4-0可吸收线缝合腹膜。结果 24例腹腔镜手术均成功,手术时间50～110 min,平均70 min。术后住院2～4 d,无并发症。随访7～24个月,平均9个月,其中6例>12个月,无复发。结论对小儿巨大腹股沟斜疝行TAPP腹腔镜无张力疝修补术是安全有效的。     

新疆某三级甲等医院护士长工作时间调查分析

目的了解护士长有效护理工时,为有效提高护理管理工作提供依据。方法用分层抽样法分别从内、外、妇、儿、重症监护病房和综合病区抽出10名护士长,通过10名经统一培训的调查员现场观察5个工作日和护士长自我记录法测量护士长有效护理工时。结果不同科室护士长日人均有效护理工时不同,最多为593.80min,最小为280.00min,多以直接护理工时为主。日人均耗时最长的前3个直接护理工作项目是床边交接班49.24min、巡视病房35.01min、护理质控30.22min,分别占总有效护理工时的11.94%、8.49%、7.33%。结论护士长直接护理工时大多超出间接护理工时,且工作范围超出了护理范畴。应合理分布有效护理工时,提高护理管理效率。     

脑外伤合并骨折患者骨折愈合过程中TGF-β1的作用

目的研究脑外伤合并骨折患者血清及骨痂中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达变化。方法将57例骨折分为两组,单纯骨折组31例和脑外伤合并骨折组26例:①在伤后1、2、3、4周时取空腹静脉血,采用ELISA方法进行血清中TGF-β1含量的测定;②根据手术距受伤时间分为3~7 d、8~14 d、15~21 d 3个时间段,于术中取骨痂,采用免疫组化染色,进行TGF-β1阳性细胞表达率测定;③在伤后2、4、8周行X线摄片。结果①ELISA:脑外伤合并骨折组血清中TGF-β1的含量在1~3周时均显著高于单纯骨折组,4周时两组比较差异无统计学意义;②免疫组织化学染色:脑外伤合并骨折组在各时间段TGF-β1表达阳性细胞率均显著高于单纯骨折组;③X线观察:脑外伤合并骨折组较单纯骨折组生成骨痂加速、量多、骨折线模糊。结论脑外伤可能主要是通过促进体液因素中TGF-β1等生长因子的表达来加速骨折愈合过程的。