口服耐受的机制及其在自身免疫病治疗中的应用

口服耐受是指口服蛋白引起的一种免疫低反应状态。自Ｗｅｌ１ｓｌ９１１年首先报道这种现象以来，口服耐受引起了广泛关注，大量研究者发现给动物饲服蛋白质或绵羊红细胞后，再次消化道外免疫时，动物对这些抗原不再具有良好的反应性，而对其它抗原的反应正常［１］。免疫...     

Detection of Human Heart Rate in Exercises State

作者介绍了一种动态心率检测电路，它能准确、可靠地检出在运动状态下的人体心率。电路采用两种检测技术，一种为双时值ＱＲＳ波检测法，另一种为光电脉搏检测法。     

Attachment loss and serum antibody levels against autologous and reference strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in untreated localized juvenile periodontitis patients

Abstract Immunological data have been suggested to be a potential tool in the diagnosis, classification and monitoring of periodontal diseases. However, the role of circulating antibodies in periodontal patients is poorly understood. Patients suffering from localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) are often reported to show high titers of serum IgG antibodies against Aetinobaeillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcotnitans), but several affected patients do not. Most studies use well-known reference strains of the bacterium for testing against the patients' sera. The aim of the present investigation was to study the relationship between serum IgG antibody levels to autologous A. actinomycetemcomitans strains and clinical attachment loss (CAL). In addition, we wanted to assess the patients’serum titers against 4 well-known reference strains of the bacterium as well as their general potential immunoglobulin response. Intravenous blood samples were taken from 23 LJP patients and 10 healthy individuals, and autologous A. actinomycetemcomitans strains were cultured from 18 of the L.JP patients. CAL was measured at 4 different sites around ail present teeth and assessed as a % of teeth with at least 1 site moderately ≥2<5 mm) or severely (≥5 mm) involved. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the serum titers of IgG antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens. No significant correlation was found between serum IgG antibody titers to autologous strains and CAL. However, there was a trend that low responders had more moderately affected teeth than had high responders and patients with undetectable A. actinomycetemcomitans levels, which is in agreement with a hypothetically protective role of the antibodies. The total counts of immunoglobulin assessed in all participants showed that the predominant class was IgG and the reference group displayed significantly less (p<0.05) IgG and IgG1 counts than the LJP patients. Both the reaction pattern against reference and autologous strains varied widely. We conclude that the specific antibody response against A. actinomycetemcomitans shows a weak correlation to clinical attachment levels in LJP patients.     

Attentional modulation of the cardiac defense response in humans

How cardiac components of the defense reaction are modulated by attentional factors related to sensory intake versus sensory rejection was examined. Forty-eight men participated in a test of the heart rate response to three presentations of an intense auditory stimulus while performing one of three attentional tasks during the 80 s following stimulus onset: (a) internal (rejection) task, (b) external (intake) task, and (c) no task. Results showed a potentiation of the defense response only under the external attention condition. We concluded that defensive reactions, far from provoking the rejection of the aversive stimulus, require allocation of attention to processing that stimulus in detail.     

Evaluation and Treatment of Children with Primary Immune Deficiency in the Emergency Department

The potential for morbidity and mortality in patients who have PID with febrile and nonfebrile illness is extremely high. Familiarity with the clinical manifestations of PID and collaboration with a pediatric immunologist are prerequisites for optimal short-term care of these complex patients. Conservative management with empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobials, early and aggressive surgical debridement of abscesses, and admission at a tertiary pediatric care center are often indicated.     

Serum glomerular binding activity is highly correlated with renal disease in MRL/lpr mice.

The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis is felt to be mediated by anti-DNA antibodies. However, the anti-DNA response and renal disease do not entirely correspond. We recently developed a new assay which detects immune elements based on their ability to bind glomeruli as an alternative approach to understanding the pathogenesis of this disorder. The glomerular binding activity (GBA) defined by this assay consists of immune elements containing IgG which interact specifically with renal tissue, the binding of which is DNase-inhibitable, but which do not bind to DNA directly. In the current study we assessed the relationship between GBA and renal disease in MRL/lpr mice (both untreated and cyclophosphamide-treated) and compared it with the anti-DNA assay. Both assays were highly correlated with renal disease in untreated mice in terms of proteinuria. In cyclophosphamide-treated mice, however, only a weak correlation between the anti-DNA assay and proteinuria was apparent. GBA, in contrast, was more strongly correlated with proteinuria in treated mice. This correlation improved substantially when the DNase-sensitive component of the GBA was used. GBA appeared related to, but not covariant with, the anti-DNA response. These results demonstrate that GBA is a better correlate of murine lupus nephritis than the anti-DNA assay, and suggest that the immune elements detected by this assay, the DNase-sensitive component in particular, may be pathogenically important.     

镉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

采用单只动物多项免疫功能检测法,观察了小鼠在免疫后,不同时间一次灌胃30mg/kg氯化镉(CdCl_2)及反复多次灌胃不同剂量的CdCl_2,对小鼠免疫器官重量,迟发型变态反应(DTH),抗体形成细胞(IgM-PFC)及抗体滴度的影响。结果表明:反复多次灌胃4.8 mg/kg CdCl_2对小鼠DTH有明显抑制作用,提示CdCl_2对动物免疫功能有一定影响。     

Serotonergic modulation of spinal ascending activity and sacral reflex activity evoked by pelvic nerve stimulation in cats

Serotonin (5-HT) may be inhibitory to micturition at a spinal level. A potential mechanism of action for serotonergic inhibition of bladder function is a depression of the ascending limb of the supraspinal reflex mediating micturition. Ascending activity evoked by pelvic nerve stimulation was recorded in the thoracic spinal cord of anesthetized cats. For comparison, spinal reflex activity evoked by pelvic nerve stimulation was recorded on the pudendal nerve. The effects of intrathecal administration of serotonergic agents were examined to determine whether spinal and supraspinal responses to bladder afferent activation were modulated by 5-HT. Methysergide (60 nmol), a non-selective serotonergic antagonist, increased ascending activity by 61±7% and depressed spinal reflex activity by 38±6%. Zatosetron (10 nmol), a 5-HT₃ antagonist had a similar effect on both activities (increased by 93±24% and decreased by 77±7%, respectively). The effect on ascending activity of blocking 5-HT₃ receptors was also confirmed with ICS 205930 and MDL 72222. 2-Methyl-5-HT (800 nmol), a 5-HT₃ agonist, depressed ascending activity to 46±9% of control, but enhanced spinal reflex activity by 73±92%. These results demonstrate that stimulation of 5-HT₃ and methysergide-sensitive 5-HT receptors can inhibit ascending activity and facilitate spinal reflex activity elicited by activation of bladder afferents. It is suggested that descending serotonergic pathways may participate in the spinal coordination of urinary continence.     

Limited long-term naive CD4+ T cell reconstitution in patients experiencing viral load rebounds during HAART

Long-term (3.5 years) immune reconstitution in relation to viral load response was determined. Plasma HIV-1 RNA was suppressed in 40 patients (full responders) up to 42 months, and 17 patients achieved partial response. The measurements of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocyte subsets (CD45RA, CD45RACD62L, CD45RO, CD28, CD38) were carried out by flow cytometry. Full responders had a significant increase of CD4⁺ and all CD4⁺ T subsets both up to 6 and from 6 to 42 months, while the increase for partial responders was only up to 6 months. By 6 months, higher slopes were observed in full versus partial responders in the % of CD28 on CD4⁺ and the % of CD4⁺ memory subset and in both naïve and memory CD4⁺ subsets from 6 to 42 months. The percentage of CD8⁺ and its subsets was decreased significantly in full responders both up to 6 and from 6 to 42 months (except for an increase in the CD8⁺CD45RA⁺ CD62L⁺ cells), while in partial responders this decrease was only up to 6 months. Lower slopes were observed in full versus partial responders from 6 to 42 months in the percentages of CD8⁺, CD8⁺CD45RO⁺, CD8⁺CD28⁻, and CD8⁺CD38⁺ T cells. In conclusion, full responders have a stronger long-term naive CD4⁺ T cell subset reconstitution than partial responders. J. Med. Virol. 73:235–243, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

妊高征患者红细胞免疫粘附调节因子活性的测定

目的 :通过测定妊高征 (PIH)患者红细胞免疫粘附 (RCIA)调节因子活性 ,探讨PIH患者红细胞免疫功能改变的原因。方法 :测定 40例PIH患者和 30例正常孕妇的RCIA促进因子活性和抑制因子活性及红细胞补体受体花环率(RBCC3bRR% )、红细胞免疫复合物花环率 (RBCICR % )。结果 :与正常孕妇相比 ,PIH患者RCIA抑制因子活性明显升高 ,RBCC3bRR%及RBCICR %明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,RCIA促进因子活性无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :PIH患者红细胞免疫功能原发低下 ,其原因可能与RCIA抑制因子活性增高有关