旋髂深动脉应用解剖研究

本文对46具成人尸体的旋髂深动脉进行了研究。旋髂深动脉的起点距髂前上棘60mm左右、通常行经腹股沟韧带上方。髂前上棘与韧带可做为寻找动脉的标志。动脉外径3.0mm左右,分单干、双干、三干三型。旋髂深动脉起点至最近的腹肌支起点间距为:男3.0mm、女11mm,至最远腹肌支起点:男93mm、女76mm。至最近的髂肌支起点:男3.0mm、女12mm:至最远的髂肌支起点:男116mm、女85mm。至最近的髂骨支起点:男8.0mm、女11mm。至最远的髂骨支起点:男161mm、女99mm。各分支外径1.0mm左右。     

快速原型技术在下颌骨个性化重建中的应用

目的探讨快速原型技术在下颌骨个性化重建中的应用特点及临床效果。方法因肿瘤或外伤导致下颌骨缺损的患者23例,术前行三维螺旋CT扫描,通过快速原型技术制作实体模型及镜像模型,根据模型设计截骨线并预弯重建钛板,按设计切除肿瘤后,预弯钛板就位,取髂骨或腓骨肌瓣按钛板外形塑型并固定于钛板上重建下颌骨。结果肿瘤无复发,移植骨成活,面型对称,张口度2．8～3．6cm,下颌功能正常,黯关系良好,颞颌关节无弹响,无压痛。术后3月复查三维CT,重建下颌骨与健侧对称,髁状突位置正常。结论快速原型技术指导下颌骨个性化重建方法简单,成本较低,模型制作时间短,临床效果满意．是一种较理想的下颌骨重建方法。     

Excision of a haeophilic pseudotumour of the ilium, complicated by fistulation

We report the case of a patient with a haeophilic pseudotumour of the ilium who developed chronic fistulation, 6 months after en - bloc resection. During the initial resection, the large defect in the iliac wing was filled with bone cement, which may have contributed to fistula formation. A second surgical procedure consisted of excision of the fistula and bone cement and the dead space was obliterated by bringing the gluteus medius muscle into the defect. The fistula recurred, however. Re-excision of the fistula and obliteration of the dead space by a pedicled rectus abdominis muscle flap resulted in eradication of the fistula. We emphasize the importance of obliteration of dead space, resulting from large pseudotumour resection. The use of bone cement is not advocated. If a fistula does occur, a pedicled rectus abdominis muscle flap may be considered.     

髂骨翼内板相对于方形区的倾斜角数字化测量及其临床意义

目的 研究正常成人完整骨盆CT扫描三维重建数字化测量髂骨翼内板相对于方形区的倾斜角度,为临床提高髂骨与髋臼骨折复位质量提供影像解剖学参数支持。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2016年1月—2018年12月解放军中部战区总医院行CT三维重建检查的正常成人完整骨盆数据,其中男60例(120侧)、女40例(80侧),平均年龄42.18岁。将数据以DICOM格式导入Mimics 20.0软件,去除周围软组织、骶骨以及双侧股骨,建立完整双侧独立的三维髋骨模型;将髂骨翼分为前、中、后三区,依据骨盆相关骨性标志标记髂骨翼各分区相对于方形区的倾斜角并利用Mimics软件进行测量。比较同性别左右侧、不同性别间相应倾斜角的差异,以及不同部位倾斜角的差异。结果 男性和女性的前、中、后区倾斜角分别为142.40°±5.62°和142.03°±4.82°,130.78°±5.75°和126.37°±6.17°,101.27°±5.40°和100.46°±5.44°。同性别左、右侧前、中、后区倾斜角差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。不同性别间前区与后区倾斜角差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);男性中区倾斜角大于女性,差异有统计学意义(t=5.166, P＜0.05)。髂骨翼内板相对于方形区的前、中、后三区倾斜角逐渐减小,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。结论 髂骨翼内板相对于方形区的倾斜角在不同性别、不同部位有一定变化,该解剖学参数可以为术中指导髂骨与髋臼骨折解剖复位提供参考依据,在一定程度上从整体角度提高骨盆髋臼骨折的复位质量,并能评价骨折的旋转移位情况,弥补Matta评价标准的不足。     

Growth of the Human Ilium: The Anomalous Sacroiliac Junction

Despite the major anatomical importance of the human ilium in medicine and forensic investigations, little is understood about its pattern of growth. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the surface area of the human ilium from birth through to adolescence in 80 human ilia. A photographic image of the pelvic surface of each bone was taken and examined using an image quantification package. The surface areas of four regions of interest were quantified: the auricular, post‐auricular (PA), iliac fossa, and whole pelvic surface of the ilium. The results highlight a rapid increase in surface area for all regions in the first few years after birth which continues, albeit at a slower rate, until ～4 years of age when the rate of growth is further reduced. Although the ilium and its various components continue to grow between 5 years and puberty, the rate of growth is markedly reduced until puberty when growth of the pelvis again increases. Interestingly, analysis of the differential growth of the auricular region compared with the PA region throughout development suggests that the PA region exhibits more advanced growth. This may indicate that its role in structural development for the purposes of preparation and maintenance of bipedal stance and locomotion may have been previously poorly understood. Anat Rec, 296:1688–1694, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Isolated lesion of the medial orbital wall following endonasal surgery. Isolated fractures of the medial orbital wall

Background: Isolated fractures of the medial orbital wall are infrequent. The diagnostic triad includes: adduction block, exotropia with diplopia in all directions of gaze, positive passive duction in abduction. Sometimes a slight enophthalmos is present. Computed tomography shows the extension and the seat of the fracture. Case report: The authors illustrate the case of a 60 year old male who presented with a breach of the medial orbital wall following endonasal surgery. Results: The patient was successfully operated using an iliac bone graft inserted via an eyebrow-nasal cutaneous approach, after a previous attempt with a transconjunctival approach performed in another hospital had failed. A good functional and aesthetic result was observed within the first year after surgery. After almost 11 years a full adduction is still present and diplopia is absent. Conclusion: The authors underline the importance of an early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment. The fat-muscle entrapment should be removed and the bone defect closed. A close cooperation between ophthalmologist and plastic surgeon is suggested. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

带血管蒂髂骨瓣移植的临床应用

目的总结带血管蒂髂骨瓣治疗股骨颈骨折及小儿股骨头缺血坏死的临床疗效. 方法本组股骨颈头下型骨折123例,采用带旋髂深血管支髂骨瓣治疗43例(股骨颈陈旧性骨折、股骨头早期坏死15例,股骨颈头下型骨折28例);带旋股外侧动脉升支血管髂骨瓣治疗80例(股骨颈骨折并股骨头早期坏死9例,股骨颈头下型骨折71例),其中小儿股骨头缺血坏死10例.切取的骨瓣最小为2 cm×2 cm×1.5 cm,最大为5 cm×1.5 cm×8 cm. 结果术后2个月出现骨痂,3～5个月后骨折基本愈合,股骨头缺血坏死一般在3个月以后恢复正常.123例股骨颈骨折119例治愈,股骨头坏死4例;小儿股骨头缺血坏死10例均获成功. 结论两种带血管的髂骨瓣血运都极其丰富.带旋股外侧动脉升支血管髂骨瓣由于解剖上的特点则更适合用于股骨颈、粗隆部及股骨中上段疾患.     

骶髂螺钉置入S1椎弓根的形态学研究

目的研究S1椎弓根的形态学特点，探讨经骶髂关节置入S1椎弓根螺钉的可行性。方法测量16具尸体骨盆标本双侧S1椎弓根前后缘的高度、深度(S1椎弓根最狭窄处的宽度)、骶翼深度、骶翼高度。测量骨盆出口位X线片上S1椎弓根的高度，并与肉眼解剖比较。在轴位CT图像上测量髂骨后缘到骶翼、S1椎弓根、S1椎弓根纵轴的距离、髂骨外板与骶椎前缘皮质的距离。观察S1椎弓根矢状切面，评估置入2枚经S1椎弓根骶髂螺钉的安全区。结果椎弓根前后缘的高度平均为30．2mm、26．Imm，椎弓根深度和骶翼深度平均为27．8mm、45．8mm，骶翼后部平均高度为28．7mm。骨盆出口位X线片上S1椎弓根的平均高度是20mm，小于肉眼解剖测量结果(P＜0．0001)。轴位CT图像上，S1椎弓根纵轴在髂骨外板投影点到髂骨后缘的距离平均为32．5mm，到坐骨大切迹最高点的距离平均为38．6mm，髂骨外板到S1椎体前缘皮质的距离平均为105．2mm。结论置入1枚S1椎弓根螺钉是安全的，常规置入2枚椎弓根螺钉可能较困难。     

股骨髁间髁上骨折合并髁冠状面骨折的治疗

2006年3月～2009年5月,笔者使用股骨LISS钢板结合拉力螺钉、自体髂骨植骨治疗合并髁冠状面骨折的股骨髁间髁上骨折8例,取得较好的短期疗效.     

左髂骨巨大转移瘤行骨盆重建术1例

1病例资料患者．男,47岁。左髋部酸痛7个月加重伴活动受限4个月,夜间无法入睡．感左髋部疼痛难以忍受,于2008年6月20日来我院就诊,查体：左髋部未见肿胀、青紫及皮肤破损．局部触摸未及明显包块,左侧腹股沟无肿大淋巴结;左大腿肌肉萎缩明显,患肢术梢血运正常;左上臀部压痛、叩击痛（＋）．无皮肤感觉异常;左髋关节屈伸活动部分受限,余关节活动正常;双下肢等长,左侧股四头肌、股二头肌肌力约Ⅳ级。影像学检查：