过氧化氢诱导人视网膜色素上皮细胞衰老及其机制探讨

目的研究过氧化氢诱导人视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞氧化损伤中的细胞衰老现象并探讨其机制。方法培养的人RPE细胞随机分为正常对照组和过氧化氢处理组,过氧化氢处理组根据用600μmol·L-1过氧化氢处理的不同时段分为1h、6h、12h、24h及72h组。流式细胞术分析各组细胞周期,计算G0/G1期细胞所占比率;流式细胞术检测各组细胞线粒体膜电位的变化;免疫组织化学法检测各组细胞Caspase-9的变化。结果与正常对照组相比,过氧化氢作用6h组G0/G1期细胞所占比率增高(P<0.05),且随作用时间的延长而增加,72h组最高(P<0.01),达到(89.12±0.21)%;过氧化氢损伤导致RPE细胞膜电位降低,且随时间延长逐渐降低,72h组最低(62.48±0.59);Caspase-9蛋白在过氧化氢作用1h时表达开始增高,且随时间延长逐渐增加,在24h时达到高峰(36·2±0.4),72h时略有回落(26.4±0.8),但仍较正常组(3.2±0.2)高。结论过氧化氢作用下,人RPE细胞生长停滞于G/G期,呈现衰老现象。线粒体膜电位的降低和线粒体凋亡途径上游因子Caspase-9的活化可能是细胞衰老的机制之一。     

难溶性药物与介孔二氧化硅纳米粒载体的相互作用对于释放速率的影响

目的 研究介孔二氧化硅纳米粒（MSN）载体与装载的难溶性药物间的相互作用,探索对释放速率具有重要影响的因素,归纳总结可预测难溶性药物-MSN给药系统释放行为的数学模型。方法 以溶胶凝胶法制备的MSN作为载体,通过溶剂挥干法进行药物装载,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析载体的外观形貌及孔道结构,通过比表面积分析仪研究载体的比表面积及孔径分布。选取载药量及药物的氢键受体数量作为因素进行释放行为分析,通过Design Expert软件进行2因素3水平析因设计,完成体外释放实验;2、24 h累积释放度作为因变量,拟合数学模型。结果溶胶凝胶法制备的MSN为均一的球形,粒径约为400 nm,孔道呈放射状,孔径均一为3.6 nm。拟合模型显示,载药量比氢键受体数量对2 h累计释放度影响更大,随着载药量的增加,2 h累计释放度逐渐下降;在研究范围内,氢键受体数为6,载药量为50%具有最小的2 h累计释放度,为50.31%。24 h累计释放度则根据载药量的不同随着氢键受体数的改变呈现相反趋势,当载药量较低时,与氢键受体数呈正相关;当载药量较高时,与氢键受体数呈负相关。氢键受体数为6,载药量小于10%时具有最大的24 h累计释放度,可达99.44%。结论 相对药物的氢键受体数量,载药量对于难溶性药物-MSN给药系统的速缓释放具有重要调控作用,低载药量可以实现药物的2 h快速释放及24 h完全释放,高载药量则反之。     

硫化氢抑制葡萄糖调节蛋白78减轻6-OHDA诱导的PC12细胞损伤

目的：探讨硫化氢（H2S）是否通过改变葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP78）的表达参与其对抗6-羟基多巴胺（6-OHDA）诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。方法应用具有神经毒性的6-OHDA损伤PC12细胞为帕金森病细胞模型,以硫氢化钠（NaHS）作为H2S的供体;应用CCK-8比色法检测细胞存活率;DFCH-DA染色检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）的水平;Rh123染色检测细胞线粒体膜电位（MMP）;Western blot检测GRP78的表达。结果200μmol/L的6-OHDA引起PC12细胞的存活率显著降低,ROS生成增加及MMP降低,且诱导了GRP78的高表达。应用25~400μmol/L的NaHS预处理30 min,呈浓度依赖性抑制6-OHDA引起的细胞存活率降低,其中400μmol/L的NaHS作用最明显,此浓度也可以显著减少6-OHDA引起的ROS增多,提高MMP,同时明显抑制6-OHDA诱导的GRP78高表达。结论 H2S具有抗6-OHDA氧化应激损伤的PC12细胞保护作用,抑制内质网应激分子GRP78的表达可能是其机制之一。     

On the Use of Multi-Step Dies for Improving the Performance against Hydrogen Embrittlement of Cold Drawn Prestressing Steel Wires

The main cause of in-service failure of cold drawn wires in aggressive environments is hydrogen embrittlement (HE). The non-uniform plastic strains and residual stresses generated after cold drawing play a significant role in the matter of HE susceptibility of prestressing steels. In this paper, a new and innovative design of the drawing scheme is developed, geared towards the reduction in both manufacturing-induced residual stresses and plastic strains. To achieve this goal, three innovative cold drawing chains (consisting in diverse multi-step dies where multiple diameter reductions are progressively carried out in a single die) are numerically simulated by the finite element (FE) method. From the residual stress and plastic strain fields revealed from FE numerical simulations, hydrogen accumulation for diverse times of exposure is obtained by means of FE simulations of the hydrogen diffusion assisted by stress and strains. Thus, an estimation of the HE susceptibility of the cold drawn wires after each process was obtained. Results reveal that cold drawn wire using multi-step dies exhibits lower stress and strain states nearby the wire surface. This reduction causes a decrease in the hydrogen concentration at the prospective damage zones, thereby improving the performance of the prestressing steel wires in hydrogenating environments promoting HE. Thus, the optimal wire drawing process design is carried out using special dies with several reductions per die.     

Construction of 0D/2D Schottky Heterojunctions of ZnO and Ti3C2 Nanosheets with the Enriched Transfer of Interfacial Charges for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

The development of cost-effective co-catalysts of high photocatalytic activity and recyclability is still a challenge in the energy transformation domain. In this study, 0D/2D Schottky heterojunctions, consisting of 0D ZnO and 2D Ti₃C₂, were successfully synthesized by the electrostatic self-assembling of ZnO nanoparticles on Ti₃C₂ nanosheets. In constructing these heterojunctions, Ti₃C₂ nanosheets acted as a co-catalyst for enhancing the transfer of excitons and their separation to support the photocatalytic response of ZnO. The as-prepared ZnO/Ti₃C₂ composites demonstrate an abbreviated charge transit channel, a huge interfacial contact area and the interfacial electrons’ transport potential. The extended optical response and large reactive area of the ZnO/Ti₃C₂ composite promoted the formation of excitons and reactive sites on the photocatalyst’s surface. The ZnO/Ti₃C₂ Schottky heterojunction showed significantly high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production from a water–ethanol solution under the light illumination in the visible region. The hydrogen evolution overoptimized the ZnO/Ti₃C₂ composition with 30 wt.% of Ti₃C₂, which was eight times higher than the pristine ZnO. These findings can be helpful in developing 0D/2D heterojunction systems for photocatalytic applications by utilizing Ti₃C₂ as a low-cost co-catalyst.     

Effect of H2S Corrosion on the Fracture Toughness of the X80 Pipeline Steel Welded Joint

To analyze the causes and mechanisms affecting the fracture toughness of X80 pipeline steel welded joints against H₂S, the fracture toughness of different zones of X80 pipeline steel welded joints in both air and saturated H₂S solution was investigated. The fracture toughness of welded joints degraded significantly in the saturated H₂S solution, where the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) characteristic value in the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) and weld metal (WM) was only 8% and 12% of that in air, respectively. However, the sub-critical grain heat-affected zone (SCHAZ) showed better resistance to H₂S corrosion, with the CTOD characteristic value reaching 42% of that in air. The resistance of the welded joint to H₂S corrosion was sensitive to microstructures. The grain boundary ferrite (GBF) presented in WM, and the angle of grain boundary orientation in CGHAZ was not conducive to hindering crack propagation. Moreover, the formation of the resultant hydrogen cracks owing to the H₂S corrosion also reduced the fracture toughness of the welded joint.     

生物信息学方法推测脊椎动物血红蛋白相互作用机制

目的 通过分析脊椎动物血红蛋白(Hb)分子进化过程,解释Hb相互作用的现象并推测作用机制.方法 采用NCBI、PDB等在线生物信息学网站及SMS、ANTHEPROT 5.0、Clustalx 2.0、MEGA 4、Vector NTI 9等软件包对比脊椎动物门各纲羊膜和非羊膜动物Hb氨基酸多序列的同源相似性,查找保守位点,构建分子进化树,预测二级结构,对比三级结构模型,推测Hb相互作用现象的发生机制.结果 氨基酸多序列对比显示,非羊膜动物α链没有保守氨基酸(cAA),β链有3个cAA,羊膜动物α链、β链分别有27个和68个cAA;分子进化树显示非羊膜动物Hb氨基酸每位点替代值(SpS)远大于羊膜动物(P<0.01);预测二级结构分析Hb作用面发现非羊膜动物α链40位氨基酸主要参与无规则卷曲结构,羊膜动物α链40位和β链94位氨基酸均主要参与α螺旋结构;对比空间结构模型发现羊膜动物α链均有一个苏氨酸(41位)与β链的组氨酸(98位)形成氢键,而非羊膜动物不能形成此氢键.结论 脊椎动物Hb相互作用发生的关键可能在于是否存在α链苏氨酸(41位)与β链组氨酸(98位) 形成的氢键.     

蛋氨酸限制提高内源性H2S活性延缓衰老的机制研究进展

蛋氨酸限制(Methionine restriction,MetR)作为饮食限制的方法之一,能够改善多种无脊椎动物、啮齿类动物及包括人类灵长类动物的衰老及其相关疾病.但MetR对衰老的具体调节作用机制尚未完全明确,目前除了与饮食限制的共有机制以外,越来越多的研究表明内源性硫化氢(Endogenous hydrogen ...     

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Artificial Seawater Splitting over Amorphous Carbon Nitride: Optimization and Process Parameters Study via Response Surface Modeling

Photocatalytic water splitting has garnered tremendous attention for its capability to produce clean and renewable H₂ fuel from inexhaustible solar energy. Until now, most research has focused on scarce pure water as the source of H₂, which is not consistent with the concept of sustainable energy. Hence, the importance of photocatalytic splitting of abundant seawater in alleviating the issue of pure water shortages. However, seawater contains a wide variety of ionic components which have unknown effects on photocatalytic H₂ production. This work investigates photocatalytic seawater splitting conditions using environmentally friendly amorphous carbon nitride (ACN) as the photocatalyst. The individual effects of catalyst loading (X₁), sacrificial reagent concentration (X₂), salinity (X₃), and their interactive effects were studied via the Box–Behnken design in response surface modeling towards the H₂ evolution reaction (HER) from photocatalytic artificial seawater splitting. A second-order polynomial regression model is predicted from experimental data where the variance analysis of the regressions shows that the linear term (X₁, X₂), the two-way interaction term X₁X₂, and all the quadratic terms (X₁₂, X₂₂, X₂₃) pose significant effects towards the response of the HER rate. Numerical optimization suggests that the highest HER rate is 7.16 µmol/h, achievable by dosing 2.55 g/L of ACN in 45.06 g sea salt/L aqueous solution containing 17.46 vol% of triethanolamine. Based on the outcome of our findings, an apparent effect of salt ions on the adsorption behavior of the photocatalyst in seawater splitting with a sacrificial reagent has been postulated.     

枸橼酸氢钾钠溶解肾集合管结晶的临床观察

目的探讨枸橼酸氢钾钠溶解。肾集合管结晶的疗效。方法筛选22例肾集合管结晶患者，给予枸橼酸氢钾钠10g／d，比较治疗前后症状和实验室检查的变化。结果治疗后，患者腰痛和尿路刺激症状明显减少（86．4％vs13．6％，68．2％VS4．5％，P〈O．05），同时尿红细胞和白细胞大幅减少，肾脏多普勒显示集合管结晶有明显改善（95．5％vs9．1％，68．2％vs13．6％，100％掷22．7％，P〈0．05）。结论枸橼酸氢钾钠能有效溶解肾集合管结晶，减少肾结石的发生。