Cementless hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients

Objectives:

The use of cement is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rate in elderly patients, hence cementless hemiarthroplasty is suggested. We evaluated the results of cementless hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients with high-risk clinical problems.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-eight patients (29 females, 19 males) with a mean age of 88 years (range: 78 to 102 years). having femoral neck fractures were treated with the use of cementless hemiarthroplasty. Porous-coated femoral stems were used in 30 patients (62%) and modular type femoral revision stems in 18 patients (38%). Bipolar femoral heads were used in all patients. Radiological follow-up after operation was done at the one, three, six months and annually.

Results:

The mean follow-up period was 4.2 years (range: 18 months to eight years). None of the patients died during hospitalization. Medical complications occurred in six patients (12%) within the follow-up period and four patients (8%) died within this period. Only two hips were converted to total hip arthroplasty due to acetabular erosion. Femoral revision was planned for one patient with a subsidence of > 3 mm. None of the patients had acetabular protrusion or heterotopic ossification. The mean Harris-hip score was 84 (range: 52 to 92). Dislocation occured in one patient (2%).

Conclusion:

Cementless hemiarthroplasty is a suitable method of treatment for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients with high-risk clinical problems especially of a cardiopulmonary nature. This method decreases the risk of hypotension and fat embolism associated with cemented hemiarthroplasty.     

内固定物与人工半髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效分析

[目的]分析比较内固定物与人工半髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2008年7月～2010年7月间治疗的高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折71例。其中内固定组36例,半髋关节置换组35例。比较2治疗组在手术时间、术中出血量、手术输血量、术后卧床时间、内科并发症、内置物并发症、术后1年关节功能状况等方面的情况。[结果]内固定组和人工半髋关节置换组的平均随访时间分别为18、20个月。内固定治疗组与半髋关节置换组相比较,手术时间及术后卧床时间均较长,内科并发症、内置物并发症较多,髋关节功能恢复稍差(P<0.05)。但手术时间、术中出血及手术输血量无明显差别(P>0.05)。[结论]人工半髋关节置换术治疗高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折,负重活动早、并发症发生率低、功能恢复满意,可明显提高患者的生活质量。     

Surgical treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly: a survey of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons

A survey was distributed to the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) membership to evaluate surgical treatment preferences for displaced femoral neck fractures (DFNFXs). Of 718 members, 381 (54%) responded to the 16-question survey that was an adjunct to a multicenter, randomized study (funded by AAHKS/OREF) designed to prospectively evaluate efficacy of hemiarthroplasty vs total hip for treatment of DFNFXs. Hemiarthroplasty (85%) was the most preferred treatment option for DFNFXs (reduction with internal fixation 2%, total hip arthroplasty 13%). Prefracture hip pain/osteoarthritis, poor bone quality, and fracture comminution were the main reasons why arthroplasty was chosen over reduction with internal fixation. Ambulatory status and dislocation risk after arthroplasty were the main factors in choosing between unipolar (48%) and bipolar (52%) hemiarthroplasty. Total hip arthroplasty is used by 88% of responders. Dislocation risk and ambulatory status were influential factors against performing total hip arthroplasty. Arthroplasty is the preferred method of surgical intervention for the treatment of DFNFXs for AAHKS members.     

Hemiarthroplasty in rotator cuff tear arthropathy

Rotator cuff tear arthropathy results in a painful glenohumeral joint with poor function. Loss of the stabilizing effect of the rotator cuff allows superior subluxation of the humeral head. The poor mechanical advantage of the deltoid muscle creates a weak, poorly functioning shoulder. Hemiarthroplasty with a large humeral head component can relieve pain and retain some of the mechanical advantage of the deltoid by lateralizing the center of rotation of the humeral head and regaining deltoid length. A larger-than-anatomic humeral head decreases the risk of further superior subluxation of the humeral head by decreasing wear. Stability is regained by retensioning the deltoid muscle envelope. This article reviews the technique of large head hemiarthroplasty in this difficult reconstructive problem.     

半髋及全髋在高龄股骨颈骨折置换中的应用对比

目的探讨半髋及全髋髋关节置换术在高龄股骨颈骨折中的应用效果及安全性。方法选取2007年1月至2011年1月在我院接受治疗的96例高龄股骨颈骨折患者为本次研究对象。其中行全髋关节置换术51例（全髋组）,行半髋关节置换术45例（半髋组）,观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症情况、疼痛情况及髋关节功能恢复时间等相关指标,给予1年以上随访,观察髋关节恢复情况,并进行评定。结果全髋组手术时间、术中出血量及髋关节功能恢复时间与半髋组比较有明显差异（P〈0．05）;两组并发症及1年后髋关节功能恢复情况比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）,半髋组术后疼痛发生率明显高于全髋组（P〈0．05）。结论对于高龄股骨颈骨折患者,全髋和半髋置换术均为有效的治疗方法,可改善患者生活质量,但全髋关节置换术是治疗高龄股骨颈头下型骨折的较好选择。     

Cementless Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Using a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Long Stem for Osteoporotic Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures

Treating senile osteoporotic patients with unstable hip fractures remains a challenge. We evaluated the results of 87 cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasties using an extensively hydroxyapatite-coated long stem for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in senile patients. Sixty-one hips were followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 36 months) postoperatively. The mean Merle d'Aubigne and Postel hip score was 14.7 points (12-18). Two hips were reoperated because of infection. Of the remaining 59 hips, 48 were included in the radiographic analysis. Although cortical porosis around the stem was seen in 18 hips, there was no loosening or osteolysis. Cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty using an extensively hydroxyapatite-coated long stem is a useful option for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in senile patients with severe osteoporosis.     

Prognostic Factors in Arthroplasty in the Rheumatoid Shoulder

Total shoulder arthroplasty is commonly considered a good option for treatment of the rheumatoid shoulder. However, when the rotator cuff and glenoid bone stock are not preserved, the clinical outcome of arthroplasty in the rheumatoid patients remains unclear. Aim of the study is to explore the prognostic value of multiple preoperative and peroperative variables in total shoulder arthroplasty and shoulder hemiarthroplasty in rheumatoid patients. Clinical Hospital for Special Surgery Shoulder score was determined at different time points over a mean period of 6.5 years in 66 rheumatoid patients with total shoulder arthroplasty and 75 rheumatoid patients with shoulder hemiarthroplasty. Moreover, radiographic analysis was performed to assess the progression of humeral head migration and glenoid loosening. Advanced age and erosions or cysts at the AC joint at time of surgery were associated with a lower postoperative Clinical Hospital for Special Surgery Shoulder score. In total shoulder arthroplasty, status of the rotator cuff and its repair at surgery were predictive of postoperative improvement. Progression of proximal migration during the period after surgery was associated with a lower clinical score over time. However, in hemiarthroplasty, no relation was observed between the progression of proximal or medial migration during follow-up and the clinical score over time. Status of the AC joint and age at the time of surgery should be taken into account when considering shoulder arthroplasty in rheumatoid patients. Total shoulder arthroplasty in combination with good cuff repair yields comparable clinical results as total shoulder arthroplasty when the cuff is intact.     

全髋与半髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的:比较全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折(GardenⅢ-Ⅳ型)的疗效。方法:分析2009年1月—2011年1月收治的96例≥65周岁的老年股骨颈骨折并行髋关节置换术患者的临床资料。根据采取手术方式的不同,分为全髋关节置换组(46例)与半髋关节置换组(50例)。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、髋关节功能和切口感染率、假体脱位发生率和翻修率等。结果:全髋关节置换组与半髋关节置换组的手术时间、术中出血量及髋关节功能评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组切口感染率、翻修率和假体脱位发生率均较低,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:全髋关节置换与半髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折相比,虽然创伤较大、手术时间较长以及出血量相对较多,但髋关节功能明显优于半髋关节置换术且术后并发症少。临床上应尽量选择全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折(GardenⅢ-Ⅳ型),除非患者不能耐受手术或预期寿命小于5年。