长期锻炼对中心动脉压和外周血压的影响

目的：通过对平板运动心脏负荷试验前后中心动脉压与外周动脉压的对比,探讨无创中心动脉压检测在血压管理及长期锻炼的健康人群健康鉴定中的应用价值。方法：志愿者139人,受检者卧床休息10min后测量运动前左上肢肱动脉血压、心电图（ECG）、用无创主动脉脉波分析仪测量中心动脉压：启动运动试验直至达到目标心率后停止运动,受检者卧床休息6min后测量ECG和无创中心动脉压。结果：139例平板运动试验受检者运动前后外周动脉收缩压（SBP）及外周动脉舒张压（DBP）差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。而此时中心动脉收缩压（CSBP）及中心动脉舒张压（CDBP）差异没有显著性（P〉0．05）;运动前后中心脉压（CPP）差异没有显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：①运动前后外周动脉血压差异显著时中心动脉压无差异。②无创中心动脉压检测比外周动脉压测量具有更好的稳定性、准确性。③长期锻炼的健康者心脏负荷试验前后中心与外周血压的变化规律与一般人群有所不同。④无创中心动脉压检测在高血压诊断与血压管理应用中具有重要的临床价值。     

健康城市的现代理念

  目的  全面比较健康城市与国家卫生城市的差异,更好地推进健康城市建设。  方法  采用系统综述方法,检索PubMed、中国知网等8个电子数据库和国内外相关机构网站中比较健康城市与国家卫生城市的文献。共检索542篇,通过文献筛选,最后纳入4篇文献进行分析。  结果  健康城市与国家卫生城市在最终目的和部分评价指标上是相同的;在背景、评价方法和指标体系等6个方面存在差异。卫生城市主要涉及公共卫生领域,用统一的指标体系进行评价,有考核和命名程序;健康城市几乎涉及所有健康相关的领域,注重自我评价,无考核与命名程序。  结论  为更好地促进健康城市建设活动,除应获得政府支持和加强全社会的参与,对于从业人员的相关健康教育也非常重要。     

Exploiting biological activities of brown seaweed Ecklonia cava for potential industrial applications: a review

Seaweeds are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibres, proteins, polysaccharides and various functional polyphenols. Many researchers have focused on brown algae as a potential source of bioactive materials in the past few decades. Ecklonia cava is a brown seaweed that is abundant in the subtidal regions of Jeju Island in the Republic of Korea. This seaweed attracted extensive interest due to its multiple biological activities. E. cava has been identified as a potential producer of wide spectrum of natural substances such as carotenoids, fucoidans and phlorotannins showing different biological activities in vital industrial applications including pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and functional food. This review focuses on biological activities of the brown seaweed E. cava based on latest research results, including antioxidant, anticoagulative, antimicrobial, antihuman immunodeficiency virus, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimutagenic, antitumour and anticancer effects. The facts summarized here may provide novel insights into the functions of E. cava and its derivatives and potentially enable their use as functional ingredients in potential industrial applications.     

Identification of biomarkers for essential hypertension based on metabolomics

AimEssential hypertension (EH) is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of EH is unclear and early diagnostic methods are lacking. Metabolomics demonstrates great potential for biomarker discovery and the mechanistic exploration of metabolic diseases.Data synthesisThis review included human and animal metabolomics studies related to EH in the PubMed and Web of Science databases between February 1996 and May 2020. The study designs, EH standards, and reported metabolic biomarkers were systematically examined and compared. The pathway analysis was conducted through the online software MetaboAnalyst 4.0.Twenty-two human studies and fifteen animal studies were included in this systematic review. There were many frequently reported biomarkers with consistent trends (e.g., pyruvate, lactic acid, valine, and tryptophan) in human and animal studies, and thus had potential as biomarkers of EH. In addition, several shared metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis, were identified in human and animal metabolomics studies. These biomarkers and pathways, closely related to insulin resistance, the inflammatory state, and impaired nitric oxide production, were demonstrated to contribute to EH development.ConclusionsThis study summarized valuable metabolic biomarkers and pathways that could offer opportunities for the early diagnosis or prediction of EH and the discovery of the metabolic mechanisms of EH.     

Therapy for a Healthy Sibling of a Child Diagnosed with Cancer: A Case Study

This article presents a case study for skills-directed intervention aiming to help healthy siblings of children with cancer control their emotions and gain self-control skills. Case study application of the intervention was with a boy aged 9 years and 8 months who had the verbal, cognitive, and motivational ability to learn and apply the skills. Intervention included the “Feeling Wheel” to enhance emotional identification, expression, understanding, acceptance, and control. Intervention also focused on teaching him to observe his automatic thoughts, change them to mediated ones, engage in internal dialogue, and seek/adopt alternative behaviors to gain self-control. In postintervention feedback, he reported less anxiety than previously, less inclination toward negative thinking, and more empowerment to deal with day-to-day difficulties he encountered.     

我国9城市10386例健康成人肺功能影响因素的相关性分析

目的 调查我国健康成人肺功能的影响因素.方法 采用随机、分层和整群抽样方法,于2008至2011年间对沈阳市、北京市、朝阳市、抚顺市、鞍山市、本溪市、成都市、广州市、上海市9城市18个社区10 386人进行统一的问卷调查、体格检查,并进行肺功能检查.不同性别、年龄、身高、体质量、吸烟情况、被动吸烟情况的比较采用双向相关分析.结果 男性FEV1及FVC明显高于女性(r值分别为0.497、-0.261;P＜ 0.05),但FEV 1/FVC低于女性(r=0.037;P＜0.05);随年龄增大,FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC逐渐下降(r值分别为-0.463、-0.426、-0.047;P＜ 0.05);身高增加则FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC增大(r值分别为0.320、0.298、0.036;P＜ 0.05);吸烟量(包/年)越大,FEV1、FVC值越大(r值分别为0.021、0.034;P＜0.05),FEV1/FVC越小(r=-0.024;P＜ 0.05).体质量及被动吸烟情况与FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC无明显相关性(P＞0.05).吸烟对肺功能的影响上,56～60岁、81～85岁时吸烟与FEV1/FVC呈负相关(r分别为-0.062、-0.200,P＜ 0.05);71～75岁吸烟与FEV1呈负相关(r=-0.076,P=0.022).结论 健康成人肺功能水平受吸烟影响,应避免长期大量吸烟.     

Associations of metabolically healthy obesity with prevalence and progression of coronary artery calcification: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Cohort Study

Background and aims

There is controversy on the potentially benign nature of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), i.e., obese persons with few or no metabolic abnormalities. So far, associations between MHO and coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, have mainly been studied cross-sectionally in Asian populations. We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal MHO CAC associations in a Caucasian population.

Responding to Employment Needs

Abstract

This article reports on a study investigating employment-related support to individuals with HIV/AIDS from the perspective of service providers. Surveys were completed by AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) and Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) administrators and counselors that examined the extent to which support around employment was provided, the type of work-related services delivered, and outreach practices offered to this population. Findings indicated that although employment is becoming an increasingly important concern to this population, service providers have a limited capacity to respond to such needs. Strategies are presented for social workers and other professionals to consider as they work to support individuals with HIV/AIDS with employment-related concerns.     

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7) supplementation does not affect vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors activity in healthy individuals

Background:Vitamin K has long been regarded as a procoagulant drug by physicians, and concerns have been raised with regard to its effects on hemostasis. Although many studies have shown that vitamin K supplementation is safe for thrombotic events, the effect of vitamin K supplementation on the activities of vitamin K dependent procoagulation factors in healthy individuals is not available.Objectives:This study aimed to investigate whether vitamin K2 supplementation at recommended doses affects the activity of vitamin K dependent procoagulation factors in healthy individuals without any anticoagulation treatment.Design:Forty healthy volunteers between 25 and 40 years of age were recruited. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was administrated at 90 μg for 30 days. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activities and Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) were measured on days 0 and 30 after MK-7 administration.Results:PT, APTT, and TT showed no significant differences on day 30 when compared with baseline. The activities of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X on day 30 showed no significant differences with those at baseline. PIVKA-II levels were unchanged after 30 days of MK-7 supplementation.Conclusions:MK-7 supplementation at recommended dosage does not affect vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors’ coagulation activity, and does not enhance the carboxylation of prothrombin in healthy individuals. This indicated that MK-7 administration does not alter hemostatic balance in healthy populations without anticoagulation treatment.