红姜提取物保护早期膝骨关节炎模型大鼠的关节软骨

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that the combined use of ginger extract to reduce the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, is related to the reduction of cartilage injury in knee osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of red ginger extract on articular cartilage and the expression of serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and cartilage tissue type II collagen α1 mRNA in rats with early knee osteoarthritis, and to explore the protective effect of red ginger extract on articular cartilage of rats with early knee osteoarthritis and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Fifty SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, low-dose red ginger, high-dose red ginger and positive control group (n=10 per group). Except for the blank group, the rats in the other four groups were used to prepare knee osteoarthritis models by intraarticular injection of 4% papain 0.2 mL+0.03 mol/L L-cysteine mixed solution. The rats in the blank and model groups were fed routinely, and the low-dose red ginger, high-dose red ginger and positive control groups were given 50 mg/kg red ginger extract aqueous solution, 100 mg/kg red ginger extract aqueous solution and 18 mg/kg celecoxib capsule aqueous solution respectively. All the interventions were conducted once a day, for 4 continuous weeks. Four weeks after treatment, the rats in each group were killed and the knee joints were stained with safranin O-fast green. The articular cartilage was scored by Mankin scoring. The expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α in serum and type II collagen α1 mRNA in cartilage were detected. The study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, with an approval No. 20190917002. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pathological section of knee cartilage showed that there was cartilage matrix loss in the model and each treatment group, and the Mankin score of each treatment group was significantly higher than that of the blank group (P < 0.05) and lower than that of the model group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the high-dose group and the positive control group (P > 0.05), but the scores of the two groups were lower than that of the low-dose group. The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were upregulated in the positive control group, high-dose red ginger group and low-dose red ginger group compared with the blank group and down-regulated compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Moreover, and the levels of these cytokines were ranked as follows: positive control group < high-dose red ginger group < low-dose red ginger group (P < 0.05). The level of type II collagen α1 mRNA in cartilage showed no significant difference between the blank group and the high-dose red ginger group and the positive control group (P > 0.05), whereas the expression of type II collagen α1 mRNA was significantly increased in the model group and low-dose red ginger group compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05). To conclude, red ginger extract may protect the articular cartilage of knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, thereby delaying the development of knee osteoarthritis. Compared with the low-dose group, high-dose red ginger extract has better anti-inflammatory effect. © 2021, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

姜制对栀子中主要化学成分的影响

目的:比较分析栀子姜制前后主成分的含量变化趋势.方法:UPLC同时测定4个二萜色素类成分(C-1,C-2,C-3,C)含量,Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱,流动相甲醇-0.5％甲酸水不同梯度洗脱,检测波长440 nm,流速0.4mL·min-1,柱温35℃;HPLC同时测定2个环烯醚萜苷类成分(G-1,G-2)含量,Agilent TC-C18(2)柱,流动相乙腈-0.5％甲酸溶液(18∶ 82),检测波长238 nm,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温35℃.结果:栀子经姜制后二萜色素类成分总量略有降低,环烯醚萜苷类成分总量略有升高.结论:栀子姜制前后主成分含量略有升高,但总体上差异不大.     

正交设计优选炮姜中新生成分姜酮的超声提取工艺

目的优选炮姜中新生成分姜酮的超声提取工艺。方法采用UPLC法测定炮姜中新生成分姜酮的含量,色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm）;流动相为乙腈—水,梯度洗脱;流速0.3 mL·min-1,检测波长280 nm,柱温30℃。采用正交设计法,考察乙醇浓度、倍数、提取时间、提取次数对姜酮的含量的影响。结果乙醇倍数与提取时间对提取结果有显著性影响（P〈0.05）,综合分析姜酮的最佳超声提取工艺为：80%乙醇,10倍量,提取1次,提取时间40 min。结论优选的提取工艺合理可行,可为炮姜的质量控制和进一步开发提供依据。     

姜厚朴饮片标准汤剂研究

目的制备16批姜厚朴饮片标准汤剂,测定其出膏率、指标成分含量、转移率及指纹图谱等数据,为其配方颗粒的制备和质量评价提供参考。方法依照中药饮片标准汤剂制备要求,制备16批姜厚朴饮片标准汤剂,参照《中国药典》2015年版方法测定厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量,计算两者总和的转移率,测定汤剂的出膏率及pH值,并绘制HPLC指纹图谱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱:0～15 min,12%～16%乙腈;15～30 min,16%～28%乙腈;30～42 min,28%～74%乙腈;42～55 min,74%～80%乙腈;柱温40℃;体积流量1 mL/min;检测波长294 nm。结果 16批姜厚朴饮片标准汤剂中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚总和的转移率为6.5%～12.0%,出膏率3.41%～7.14%,pH值4.63～5.43,并用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012A)软件进行指纹图谱分析,找到了7个共有峰,指认4个,分别为木兰苷B(1号峰)、木兰苷A(2号峰)、和厚朴酚(6号峰)、厚朴酚(7号峰)。对16批姜厚朴饮片标准汤剂进行相似度评价,其相似度均大于0.69。同时,建立了姜厚朴饮片标准汤剂指纹图谱。结论所建立的汤剂制备方法稳定可行,分析方法精密度、稳定性和重复性良好,可用于姜厚朴饮片标准汤剂的质量评价。     

基于大鼠宏观行为观察的不同姜汁对黄连寒热药性的影响研究

目的：通过动物宏观行为实验来探讨黄连用不同姜汁辅料炮制前后药性寒热的变化。方法：采用SD大鼠分别灌服生理盐水、生黄连、鲜姜制黄连、干姜制黄连、干姜汁、鲜姜汁,通过对各组大鼠的饮食、饮水、体重及肛温等一般能量代谢指标的观察和测定,同时结合对KM小鼠分别灌服上述各组药,通过不同给药对小鼠温度趋向性的影响,综合动物行为探讨不同姜汁辅料炮制黄连及黄连炮制前后药性寒热的变化。结果：生黄连组与生理盐水组、干姜制黄连、鲜姜制黄连、干姜汁、鲜姜汁组相比较饮食量、饮水、体重以及肛温在数值上下降且均存在极显著性差异（P<0.01）,同时干姜汁组与干姜制黄连组、鲜姜制黄连组饮食量、肛温在数值上上升,且存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。温度趋向性中,小鼠在35℃、45℃停留的时间生黄连与生理盐水组、干姜制黄连、干姜汁、鲜姜汁组相比较在数值上均上升,且存在极显著性差异（P<0.01）,与鲜姜黄连存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：黄连经过辅料姜炮制后寒性得到缓和,辅料干姜从药性上来说,热性强于鲜姜,且在炮制黄连中,干姜制黄连的寒性要低于鲜姜制黄连。     

基于UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap/MS的姜黄连炮制前后化学成分比较研究

目的 分析姜黄连的化学成分,在物质基础层面探究姜炙对黄连的影响。方法 采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）,以0.1%甲酸水溶液（A）-乙腈（B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,利用LTQ-Orbitrap/MS正、负离子模式采集数据,通过高分辨质谱数据解析,对姜黄连的化学成分进行定性分析。结果 黄连、姜黄连和生姜汁中共鉴定出34种化合物,其中归属于黄连25种、姜黄连32种、生姜汁9种;黄连和姜黄连的共有成分25种,黄连姜炙后新增7种姜辣素类物质,均为生姜汁中的成分。结论 黄连姜炙后化学成分发生变化,新增了7种姜辣素类成分,为姜黄连的药效物质基础研究提供参考。     

徐小圃运用姜桂附规律研究

收录徐小圃运用姜(生姜、干姜、炮姜等)、桂(桂枝、肉桂等)、附(制附子、生附子、乌头等)的医案共159例,采用数理统计方法,对徐小圃运用姜、桂、附的用量、用法、使用比例、配伍、加减变化等进行了较为系统的研究,发现了相应的用药规律,例如其运用姜桂附三类药物时,在用量关系上存在明显规律,即:附子类用量大于或等于各类姜用量,各类姜用量大于或等于桂枝类用量。为临床辨证论治,处方用药提供一定的依据和思路。     

炮姜超临界CO2萃取6-姜酚的工艺研究

目的 通过HPLC法测定6-姜酚量的变化,比较炮姜超临界CO₂萃取（SFE-CO₂）与醇回流提取工艺的区别。方法 炮姜药材分别经SFE-CO₂及醇回流提取,SFE-CO₂萃取条件为压力30 MPa、温度50 ℃、时间2 h;醇回流法为70%乙醇提取2次,每次2 h,HPLC法测定提取前后炮姜药材中6-姜酚的量。结果 经SFE-CO₂萃取后萃取物中6-姜酚达9.53%,转移率73.4%,较醇回流法高32%。结论 SFE-CO₂萃取法较醇回流法适合炮姜中6-姜酚成分的提取。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾四级杆飞行时间质谱分析生姜中的姜辣素类化合物

建立高效液相色谱—电喷雾四级杆飞行时间质谱快速分析鉴定生姜中姜辣素类化合物的方法.采用Inertsil ODS-SP色谱柱(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5μm)分析,二元线性梯度洗脱,柱后流出液采用电喷雾四级杆飞行时间质谱正离子模式检测.根据电喷雾四级杆飞行时间质谱给出的母离子及二级碎片离子精确相对分子质量信息,结合相关文献,从生姜中分析鉴定了25种姜辣素,并用对照品对方法进行了验证.本方法快速、准确,可用于生姜中姜辣素类化合物的快速分析.     

氢化物原子荧光法测定生姜中的硒

目的:探讨原子荧光光度计测量生姜中硒含量的可行性.方法:采用自动进样器,用氢化物原子荧光法测定普通生姜和富硒生姜中的硒含量.结果:普通生姜中硒含量平均为0.50×10-2mg/kg,而富硒生姜中硒的平均含量可达到1.16×10-2mg/kg;线性范围0～10 μg/L,检出限为0.019 μg/L,精密度为1.2％,回...