Otorhinolaryngology

Otorhinolaryngology, a product of the early 20th century, developed from the joining together of the separate departments of otology, whose practitioners were surgeons, and laryngology which was managed by physicians who also treated diseases of the nose and chest. The 20th century opened with brave attempts to perform skilful surgery under conditions of primitive anaesthesia and no antibiotics. The stimulus of two world wars led to significant advances in technology and greater opportunities to explore new and resurrect old surgical procedures. The discovery of antibiotics saw an end to acute mastoiditis and the complications of otitis media and sinusitis, as well as a decline in the number of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy operations. Over the last 30 years the specialty has undergone dramatic development and has taken advantage of new advances in endoscopy, microsurgery, the use of lasers, cytotoxic drugs, flap reconstruction and microchip technology. During the same period, although still calling themselves otorinolaryngologists, individual surgeons have subspecialised in otology, otoneurosurgery and skull-base surgery, head and neck surgery, phonosurgery, rhinology and facioplastic surgery, and paediatric otothinolaryngology. Each of these subspecialties has its own societies and specialist journals.     

中西医结合治疗急性白血病存活十年以上5例

中西医结合是提高急性白血病长期存活的有效途径。笔者采用中药与化疗相结合的方法治疗３００余例急性白血病患者中，５例存活长达１０年以上，最长１例已存活２０年，至今皆高质量健康生存。现代药理学研究表明部分中药具有良好的抗白血病作用。     

Diagnosis: toxic!--trying to apply approaches of clinical diagnostics and prevalence in toxicology considerations.

The assessment of relevance of toxicological testing was compared with approaches of diagnostic medicine, a discipline that faces a comparable situation. Considering the work of a toxicologist as setting a diagnosis for compounds, assessment tools for diagnostic tests were transferred to toxicological tests. In clinical diagnostics, test uncertainty is well accepted and incorporated in this assessment. Furthermore, prevalence information is considered to evaluate the gain in information resulting from the application of a test. Several common toxicological scenarios, in which test uncertainty and prevalence are combined, are discussed including the interdependence of test accuracy, prevalence and predictive values or the sequential application of a screening and a confirmatory test. In addition, real prevalences derived from prevalences determined by an imperfect test are presented. We conclude that information on prevalences of toxic health effects is required to allow a complete assessment of the relevance of toxicological test. In this process, lessons can be learned from evidence-based approaches in clinical diagnostics.     

药用植物濒危与保护等级划分中的问题及其标准探讨

保护珍稀濒危药用植物是中医药学持续发展的前提。从物种濒危与保护等级划分的现状出发,对药用植物濒危与保护等级划分中存在的问题进行了分析。指出药用植物濒危等级划分应参照IUCN国际标准进行,保护等级划分应针对药用植物特点采用定性定量相结合的方法,并对相关的定性、定量指标进行探讨,为珍稀濒危药用植物保护等级划分提供参考依据。     

Future anesthesiologists will be as much outside as inside operating theaters

During the first decade of the new millennium the intense reorganization of hospitals and of medical care will be replaced by stability and long-term goals. An anesthesiologist is now as active outside as within the operating theater, being a predominant resource in intensive care, pain management, emergency and prehospital care. The anesthesiologist will also have a key part to play in risk analysis of patients scheduled for various kinds of advanced treatment. Anesthesiologists are now also more involved in primary home care where, together with other physicians and categories of health care providers, they offer qualified treatment of various diseases at home – the environment preferred by the patient.     

2002年某院老年内科死亡病例情况分析

[目的 ]　通过老年人内科疾病死亡情况的分析 ,为临床及时诊断、治疗和预防相关疾病提供证据。　 [方法 ]　应用回顾性调查的方法 ,对 2 0 0 2年 1～ 12月在我院因内科疾病而死亡的 60周岁以上的病例进行分析。　 [结果 ]　 13 5例死亡病人中 ,13 3例 ( 98.5 % )患有基础疾病 ,其中 97例 ( 71.9% )为心脏疾病 ,64例 ( 4 7.4% )为高血压 ,49例 ( 3 6.3 % )为慢性阻塞性肺病。肺部感染为死亡的主要诱因 ,占 83 .7% ( 113 / 13 5 ) ;发生多器官衰竭 (MOFG)者占 44 % ( 60 / 13 5 ) ;发生衰竭的器官共 14 2例次 ,其中呼吸衰竭 89-4 5 6+1居首位 ,占 3 8.7% ( 5 5 / 14 2 )。　 [结论 ]　我国老年人多患有慢性基础疾病 ,肺部感染是诱发病情加重导致死亡的最常见的因素 ,增强抵抗力 ,预防呼吸道感染是提高生活质量、延年益寿的关键     

镉污染对居民健康影响及因素分析

目的了解镉污染对居民健康尤其是对女性生殖健康的影响,为镉污染防制提供科学依据.方法选择福建省一铅锌矿所在地的"污染区"与"对照区",进行现场流行病学、卫生学与入户问卷调查,并进行尿镉、尿β2-微球蛋白等实验室检测.结果污染区居民健康状况比非污染区差,阳性症状、体征都较对照区多;慢性病危险因素Logistic回归分析表明,居住污染区(OR值为2.199)、中年人是患慢性病的危险因素(OR值为2.382),多吃新鲜蔬菜是保护因素(OR值为0.76);生殖功能损害影响因素的多分类有序Logistic回归模型表明,居住污染区的危险因素OR为1.36,每天多吃新鲜蔬菜是生殖功能损害的保护因素(OR值为0.55).结论镉污染对居民健康尤其是对女性生殖健康的影响应予关注.对污染区居民而言,每天多吃新鲜蔬菜、可减少镉污染对健康尤其是对女性生殖健康的影响.     

中西医结合治疗新生儿高胆红素血症48例

目的 :探讨中西医结合治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的治疗体会。方法 :对 4 8例患儿采用了中药口服、光疗及对症治疗方法。结果 :经治疗后 ,疗程缩短 ,不良反应减少 ,总有效率达 91.7%。结论 :中西医结合治疗新生儿高胆红素血症 ,可减少核黄疸的发生率 ,具有一定的临床意义