Full Viral Genome Sequencing and Phylogenomic Analysis of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 (FHV-1) in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) is endemic in captive cheetahs and sporadically causes devastating disease. Modified live vaccines (MLV), intended for use in domestic cats, are used in some captive cheetah populations and have been anecdotally linked to disease in certain subpopulations. Ten FHV-1 isolates from ten captive cheetahs and one isolate from an MLV used to inoculate four of the host animals were analyzed. Viral DNA was extracted for full-genome sequencing by Illumina MiSeq with viral genomes then used for phylogenomic and recombinational analyses. The FHV-1 shed by vaccinated cheetahs were almost identical to the MLV, with few variants among viral genomes. Eight cheetah FHV-1 isolates and the MLV were grouped in a clade along with FHV-1 isolates from domestic cats in the USA. The remaining two cheetah FHV-1 isolates (unknown host vaccine status) were not associated with a clade. The likely ancestral origin of these two isolates involves recombination events between Australian domestic cat and cheetah FHV-1 isolates. Collectively, these data suggest that the MLV is capable of causing clinical disease and viral shedding in some cheetahs and represents evidence of interspecies transmission of virus between domestic and wild cats.     

The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types

African swine fever (ASF) has become a global threat to the pig industry and wild suids. Within Europe, including Germany, affected wild boar populations play a major role. Fencing and carcass removal in combination with the reduction in environmental contamination are key to control further spread. The handling of the ASF virus (ASFV) is restricted to high-containment conditions in Germany. According to the regulation of the German Veterinarian Society (DVG), modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVAV) is the virus of choice to determine the efficacy of disinfection for enveloped viruses. The aim of this study was to use the MVAV as a guide to select the best possible disinfectant solution and concentration for the inactivation of ASFV in soil. Both viruses were tested simultaneously. In this study, two layers (top and mineral soil) of soil types from six different locations in Saxony, Germany, were collected. The tenacity of ASFV and MVAV were tested at various time points (0.5 to 72 h). The capabilities of different concentrations of peracetic acid and citric acid (approx. 0.1 to 2%) to inactivate the viruses in the selected soil types with spiked high protein load were examined under appropriate containment conditions. Around 2–3 Log₁₀ (TCID₅₀) levels of reduction in the infectivity of both ASFV and MVAV were observed in all soil types starting after two hours. For MVAV, a 4 Log₁₀ loss was recorded after 72 h. A total of 0.1% of peracetic acid (5 L/m²) was sufficient to inactivate the viruses. A 4 log₁₀ reduction in the infectivity of MVAV was noticed by applying 1% citric acid, while a 2 log₁₀ decline was recorded with ASFV. In conclusion, comparing MVAV to ASFV for efficacy screening of disinfectant solutions has revealed many similarities. Peracetic acid reduced the infectivity of both viruses independently of the soil type and the existence of a high organic soiling.     

大鼠颅内动脉瘤模型建立的实验研究

目的　介绍一种大鼠颅内动脉瘤模型建立的改良方法。方法　通过对 3 5只体重 15 0～ 2 5 0g雌性Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠行背双侧入路双肾动脉后支结扎和左侧颈总动脉结扎术 ,术后 1周用 2 %盐水替代饮水 ,喂养观察 3个月。显微镜下取脑动脉环 ,将病变部位动脉作病理和电镜检查。结果　存活 2 9只在 3个月时血压上升达 (177.66±10 .0 6)mmHg。共发现动脉瘤样改变 13个 (4 5 % ) ,其中右侧 12个 ,左侧 1个。电镜检查发现动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡。结论　该改良方法建立大鼠颅内动脉瘤模型具有操作简便和动脉瘤复制率较高的优点。     

In-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation after completion of primary respiratory disease treatment improves physical activity and ADL performance: A prospective intervention study

Introduction:Pulmonary rehabilitation improves the physical condition of patients with chronic respiratory disease; however, there are patients who cannot leave the hospital because of their low activities of daily living (ADLs), despite the completion of primary respiratory disease treatment and rehabilitation during treatment. Therefore, this study demonstrated that those patients recovered their ADLs through in-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation after treatment completion.Methods:We prospectively studied 24 hospitalized patients who had some remaining symptoms and showed low ADL scores of 9 points or less on the short physical performance battery after undergoing treatment for respiratory disease in Fukujuji Hospital from October 2018 to October 2019, excluding 2 patients who had re-exacerbation and 1 patient who could not be examined using the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). After completion of the primary respiratory disease treatment, patients moved to the regional comprehensive care ward, and they received pulmonary rehabilitation for 2 weeks. In the ward, patients who could not yet leave the hospital could undergo pulmonary rehabilitation for up to 60 days. Data were evaluated three times: upon treatment completion (baseline), postrehabilitation, and 3 months after baseline. The main outcome was an improvement in the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) postrehabilitation.Results:The median age of the patients was 80 (interquartile range (IQR): 74.8–84.5), and 14 patients (58.3%) were male. The ISWT distance significantly increased postrehabilitation (median [IQR]: 60 m [18–133] vs 120 m [68–203], P < .001). The Barthel Index (BI) (P < .001), the modified Medical Research Council (P < .001), and other scale scores were also improved. Among patients with acute respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and interstitial pneumonia, ISWT and other data showed improvement at the postrehabilitation timepoint. Ten patients who could perform examinations at 3 months after baseline were evaluated 3 months after taking baseline data prior to starting rehabilitation. The ISWT showed significant improvement 3 months after baseline compared to baseline (P = .024), and the ISWT distance was maintained after rehabilitation.Discussion and conclusions:Physical activity, symptoms, mental health, and ADL status in patients who had not recovered after primary treatment completion for respiratory diseases could improve through in-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation.     

Photocurable Coatings Based on Bio-Renewable Oligomers and Monomers

Due to long-term problems related to environmental protection, economic aspects, and waste management in the chemical industry, it is justified to develop renewable polymers as an alternative to synthetic polymers. Two kinds of acrylic bio-renewable components were used for the modification of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). The bio-based compositions used as photocurable binders to obtain the photocurable coatings with satisfactory properties and high bio content were then prepared. The kinetic of curing reaction of the oligomers and monomers towards radical photopolymerization and the properties of the cured coatings were fully investigated; the results are discussed in relation with the compounds’ structures. Important information about how to design and obtain renewable photocurable coatings with satisfactory properties was provided in this study. In this study, AESO resin was modified with renewable oligomer or (math)acrylate monomer to increase the reactivity and reduce the viscosity of the photoreactive system in order to obtain renewable and viable alternatives to petroleum-based polymeric materials with perfect film-forming properties. It turned out that both photopolymerization rate and hardness of cured coatings were increased significantly with the addition of modifiers; the use of a thiol modifier and change of the photoinitiator concentration allowed to improve the adhesion, hardness, and control of the photo-curing process.     

三种膳食结构对去卵巢大鼠骨量和骨结构的影响

目的 比较不同膳食结构对去卵巢大鼠（OVX）骨量和骨结构的影响。方法 30只去卵巢大鼠随机分为3组,分别以基础、高脂和黄豆饲料喂养3个月。每周称体重一次,结算各组大鼠每天的摄食量。3个月后,采血测血清血脂水平、血钙、血磷和雌二醇;双能X线骨密度仪测定实验前、后大鼠全身、脊柱和股骨骨密度;取一侧股骨制备脱钙骨切片,进行骨形态学观察和骨计量学测定。结果 1、各组大鼠每天食物摄入量、血钙和血磷无统计学差异。2、黄豆饲料组大鼠体重最小(P<0.05);血清E2水平最高(P<0.05);全身、股骨和脊柱BMD均最高(P<0.05);骨小梁数量最多、骨小梁面积和厚度均最大(P<0.05)。而高脂饲料组大鼠体重最大(P<0.05);TG和LDL水平最高,HDL最低 (P<0.05);全身、股骨和脊柱BMD均最低(P<0.05),高脂饲料与基础饲料相比,骨小梁数量无差异,但骨小梁面积和厚度较大(P<0.05)。结论 从绝经后骨质疏松预防角度来说,富含黄豆的饮食较高脂饮食是一种较好的膳食结构;后者可能加速了女性的骨丢失。     

Patterns of Diversity of Fusarium Fungi Contaminating Soybean Grains

Soybean is an important, high protein source of food and feed. However, like other agricultural grains, soybean may pose a risk to human and animal health due to contamination of the grains with toxigenic Fusaria and associated mycotoxins. In this study, we investigated the diversity of Fusaria on a panel of 104 field isolates obtained from soybean grains during the growing seasons in 2017–2020. The results of species-specific PCR analyses showed that Fusarium avenaceum was the most common (n = 40) species associated with soybean grains in Poland, followed by F. equiseti (n = 22) and F. sporotrichioides (11 isolates). A set of isolates, which was not determined based on PCR analyses, was whole genome sequenced. Multiple sequence analyses using tef-1α, top1, rpb1, rpb2, tub2, pgk, cam and lsu genes showed that most of them belonged to Equiseti clade. Three cryptic species from this clade: F. clavum, F. flagelliforme and FIESC 31 (lacking Latin binomial) were found on soybean for the first time. This is the first report demonstrating the prevalence of Fusaria on soybean grains in Poland.     

Transformation of Selected Fusarium Toxins and Their Masked Forms during Malting of Various Cultivars of Wheat

This study investigated the impact of malting of six wheat cultivars inoculated with Fusarium culmorum on the dynamics of content changes of selected Fusarium toxins. The grains of all the tested cultivars showed a high content of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and their derivatives, whereas nivalenol (NIV) and its glucoside were found only in the Legenda cultivar. Our experiments confirmed that the malting process of wheat grain enables the secondary growth of Fusarium, and mycotoxin biosynthesis. The levels of toxins in malt were few-fold higher than those in grain; an especially high increase was noted in the case of ZEN and its sulfate as the optimal temperature and pH conditions for the biosynthesis of these toxins by the pathogen are similar to those used in the grain malting process. This is the first paper reporting that during the malting process, biosynthesis of ZEN sulfate occurs, instead of glycosylation, which is a typical modification of mycotoxins by plant detoxication enzymes.     

侧卧位改良直接外侧入路与改良后外侧入路髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的 分析侧卧位改良直接外侧入路与改良后外侧入路髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 选取2019年2月—2023年1月三亚中心医院收治的102例高龄股骨颈骨折患者,以随机数字表法分为研究组、对照组,各51例。对照组接受侧卧位改良后外侧入路,研究组接受侧卧位改良直接外侧入路。比较两组手术相关指标、疼痛程度、血清学指标、髋关节功能、平衡功能及并发症。结果 研究组切口长度低于对照组（P <0.05）,术后下地时间、术后住院时间短于对照组（P <0.05）。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。两组患者术前、术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h的视觉模拟评分（VAS）比较,结果 ①不同时间点的VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;②两组患者VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,研究组术后VAS评分低于对照组;③两组患者VAS评分变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组患者术前、术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h的降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）比较,结果 ①不同时间点的PCT、CRP、ESR比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;②两组患者PCT、CRP、ESR评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）,研究组术后PCT、CRP、ESR评分低于对照组;③两组患者PCT、CRP、ESR变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组患者出院当日、术后1个月、术后6个月UCLA髋关节系统评分、Harris髋关节功能评分比较,结果 ①不同时间点UCLA评分、Harris评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;②两组患者UCLA评分、Harris评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）,研究组出院当日、术后1个月UCLA评分、Harris评分比对照组高;③两组患者UCLA评分、Harris评分变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组患者出院当日、术后1个月、术后6个月的平衡功能评分（BBS）比较,结果 ①不同时间点的BBS评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;②两组患者BBS评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,研究组出院当日、术后1个月BBS评分比对照组高（P <0.05）;③两组患者BBS评分变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 相比于侧卧位改良后外侧入路,侧卧位改良直接外侧入路髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折效果更佳,可改善患者平衡功能与髋关节功能,促进术后康复,减轻软组织损伤与疼痛,降低并发症发生风险。     

加味麻杏石甘汤治疗支气管哮喘64例

[目的]观察加味麻杏石甘汤治疗支气管哮喘急性发作期的疗效。[方法]将128例随机分为两组,治疗组在西药治疗基础上,结合中药汤剂口服,对照组只用西药常规治疗。[结果]治疗组的疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]在西药治疗基础上配合加味麻杏石甘汤,可明显改善症状,缩短疗程。