前列腺素E1对尸体肾移植术后肾功能延迟恢复的影响

目的探讨前列腺素E1(PGE1)应用于尸体肾移植术后肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)患者对移植肾功能恢复的影响.方法回顾性分析因急性排斥(AR)和急性肾小管坏死(ANT)导致DGF的127例临床资料,其中应用PGE1治疗56例(PGE1组),未用PGE1者71例(对照组).比较两组在出现DGF后的透析治疗时间、肾功能恢复情况、彩超的移植肾血流阻力指数(RI)及6个月内AR发生率.结果与对照组比较,PGE1组透析治疗时间明显缩短(P＜0.05),移植肾的血肌酐下降速度快(P＜0.05),RI及6个月内AR发生率低(P＜0.05).结论PGE1有利于尸体肾移植术后DGF患者移植肾功能的早期恢复,并能降低AR的发生率.     

梅毒螺旋体外膜蛋白Gpd的基因型分析及其重组蛋白的免疫原性鉴定

目的　构建梅毒螺旋体 (Treponemapallidum ,Tp)外膜蛋白Gpd基因的原核表达载体 ,检测其表达产物的免疫原性 ,并比较梅毒螺旋体各菌株Gpd基因序列的同源度。方法　从TpNichols株基因组模板中PCR扩增Gpd基因 ,与GenBank登录的序列做blast比较 ,定向克隆构建原核表达重组体pET2 8b( + ) -Gpd ,转入大肠杆菌ril表达菌 ,SDS -PAGE分析重组蛋白的表达 ,Western -blot检测重组蛋白的免疫原性。结果　载体上所连目的基因片段序列与GenBank登录的Nichols株Gpd基因序列完全一致 ,同其他病原性密螺旋体菌株登陆序列比较同源度为 98%～ 1 0 0 %。SDS -PAGE检测诱导产物显示有一Mr约为 41kDa的特异蛋白带 ,免疫印迹技术检测其能与梅毒阳性标准血清反应。结论　Tp原核表达重组体pET2 8b( + ) -Gpd成功构建 ,且能够在ril表达菌中融合表达 ,为进一步研究该蛋白的生物学功能奠定了一定的实验基础。     

An Integrated Technique for Identification of Differential Genes Expressed in Patients with Cancer

Summary: To develop a method for identification of differential gene expression between different cell populations, several convenient techniques of molecular biology, including subtractive hybridization, suppression PCR, T/A cloning and sequencing, were used to identify genes expressed differentially in CD45^- and CD45^- cells isolated from U266 cell line of multiple myeloma. Our results showed that the levels of abundant genes scale down 20 times through subtractive hybridization.Plasmid DNA from CD45^- cell clones was hybridized with forward or backward cDNA probes synthesized from CD45^- and CD45 cells, respectively. A few of differentially expressed genes reconfirmed by RT-PCR were identified from 500 expressed clones of CD45^- cells. It is concluded that a strategy for gene expression identification developed from conventional molecular biological methods can be used in different laboratories.     

自身免疫性感音神经性聋豚鼠的子代内耳生理功能研究

目的 :观察自身免疫性感音神经性聋 (ASHL)母豚鼠所产子代内耳生理功能的变化 ,探讨针对内耳的自身免疫因素对子代内耳生理功能的影响及其改变特点。方法 :同种内耳抗原 (CIEAg)持续免疫孕豚鼠 ,采用耳蜗电图 (记录cAP、CM )和眼震电图仪 (记录自发性眼震和冷热空气试验 )测试母鼠和子鼠的听觉和前庭功能 ,并检测血清特异性体液免疫反应。结果 :ASHL模型母豚鼠所产子鼠血清中发现有特异性抗体水平升高 ,部分 (3 /9)出现听觉损伤。非ASHL母鼠和对照组母鼠所产子代未见明显异常。结论 :ASHL雌鼠所产子代可出现感音神经性聋 ,其内耳损伤和功能障碍极可能与针对内耳组织的自身免疫反应 (尤其是体液免疫 )有关 ,从而提示内耳自身免疫因素可能为部分先天性非遗传性感音神经性聋的病因之一。     

小鼠膜性肾小球肾炎复制方法及免疫荧光定量研究

目的：介绍实验性小鼠膜性肾小球肾炎(MGN)的复制方法，并探讨其免疫荧光定量分析在肾小球肾炎研究中的应用价值。方法：制备阳离子化牛血清白蛋白(GBSA)并复制小鼠MGN，对各组小鼠进行电镜及免疫荧光观察，并进行免疫荧光定量研究。结果：电镜、免疫荧光观察均显示病理Ⅰ组(PⅡ组)具有典型的MGN病变，病理Ⅱ组(PⅡ组)病变轻微且不典型。免疫荧光定量研究证实PⅠ、PⅡ组与对照组差异有显著性；PⅠ、PⅡ组间差异无显著性。结论：C—BSA可作为复制小鼠MGN的良好抗原，隔日2mg／只尾静脉注射4w即可复制出稳定的小鼠MGN模型。免疫荧光定量分析不仅能直接而准确地反映MGN病理变化，而且在MGN早期即具有诊断价值。     

Genetic contributions to Parkinson's disease

Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of midbrain dopamine neurons and Lewy body inclusions. It is thought to result from a complex interaction between multiple predisposing genes and environmental influences, although these interactions are still poorly understood. Several causative genes have been identified in different families. Mutations in two genes [α-synuclein and nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1)] cause the same pathology, and a third locus on chromosome 2 also causes this pathology. Other familial PD mutations have identified genes involved in the ubiquitin–proteasome system [parkin and ubiquitin C-terminal hydroxylase L1 (UCHL1)], although such cases do not produce Lewy bodies. These studies highlight critical cellular proteins and mechanisms for dopamine neuron survival as disrupted in Parkinson's disease. Understanding the genetic variations impacting on dopamine neurons may illuminate other molecular mechanisms involved. Additional candidate genes involved in dopamine cell survival, dopamine synthesis, metabolism and function, energy supply, oxidative stress, and cellular detoxification have been indicated by transgenic animal models and/or screened in human populations with differing results. Genetic variation in genes known to produce different patterns and types of neurodegeneration that may impact on the function of dopamine neurons are also reviewed. These studies suggest that environment and genetic background are likely to have a significant influence on susceptibility to Parkinson's disease. The identification of multiple genes predisposing to Parkinson's disease will assist in determining the cellular pathway/s leading to the neurodegeneration observed in this disease.     

小儿急性肺损伤的短期肺功能随访

Objective To study the pulmonary functions of pediatric ALI/ARDS(acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome) survivors. Method A prospective cohort study of all survivors of ALI/ARDS in the PICU of Beijing Children's Hospital was performed. Patients were divided into three groups(0-3 years of age,3 ～ 7 years of age, and over 7 years of age) and followed up three months after diagnosis. Results There were 36 survivors in total of 44 ALl patients, three patients lost follow-up, 12 died and 21 survived. Five survivors refused to participate in the study because of asymptomatic, and one was unable to participate because of lymphoma com-bined with sepsis. A total of 15 children completed the whole survey (11 patients were less than 3 years old, andfour were over 7 years of age). Twelve patients had no discomfort in their respiratory tracts. Three months after be-ing enrolled, the pulmonary functions of all children improved, especially in terms of tidal volume and respiratory compliance (P<0.05). Conclusions The abnormal respiratory symptoms and signs in most children disap-peared three months after discharge. Most survivors still have pulmonary dysfunction at 3 monthes after discharge, but better than discharge.     

肺癌患者FLK-1、LRP和MDR1的表达与临床研究

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子受体 (Flk 1),肺耐药蛋白 (LRP)基因以及多药耐药基因 (MDR1)蛋白与肺癌患者临床及病理指标的关系。方法:用免疫组化技术(ABC法)对原发性肺癌组织中三种基因的表达进行检测。结果: 70例肺癌中,非小细胞肺癌MDR1阳性率 49. 2% (29 /59),明显高于小细胞肺癌 (SCLC) 18. 2% (2 /11)(P<0. 05);非小细胞肺癌LRP阳性率 69. 5% (41 /59),明显高于小细胞肺癌 27. 3% (3 /11) (P<0. 05)。腺癌中MDR1与LRP的表达明显高于鳞癌(P<0. 05)。LRP与Flk 1在NSCLCs中共同表达 49. 2% (29 /59),LRP的表达与肺癌的组织学分级相关,MDR1和LRP的表达与肺癌的组织学类型有关,Flk 1与TNM分期相关,均有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。Flk 1 LRP均阳性、FLK 1 LRP MDR1均阳性、中药治疗、复发与患者的生存率有关(P<0. 05)。结论:FLK 1、LRP和MDR1基因蛋白产物的检测对肺癌患者的诊治和预后评估有积极意义。     

Singularities explained: Response to Klein.

Klein [Klein, A. S. (2006). Separating transducer nonlinearities and multiplicative noise in contrast discrimination. Vision Research, 46, 4279-4293] questions the existence of intrinsic singularities in two-alternative force-choice (2AFC) Signal Detection Theory (SDT) models, suggesting that the singularities found in Katkov et al. [Katkov, M., Tsodyks, M., & Sagi, D. (2006a). Singularities in the inverse modeling of 2AFC contrast discrimination data. Vision Research, 46, 259-266; Katkov, M., Tsodyks, M., & Sagi, D. (2006b). Analysis of two-alternative force-choice Signal Detection Theory model. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 50, 411-420] are due to discarding higher order terms in the Taylor expansion of d' and/or limited to steep psychometric functions. Here we provide some simple intuitive examples that illustrate the results described in Katkov et al. (2006a, 2006b). We show, for the constant noise model, that singularities exist when exact values of d' are computed and that the singularities are not limited to steep psychometric functions. In these cases the disambiguation of the different models requires millions of trials.     

基于临床流程功能需求的生理监测仪配置评估

病人生理监测仪是临床医学的主要仪器之一，由于所涉及的技术流程定位不同，功能需求也就不同，其功能配置也应有所不同。本文从分解分析生理监测仪相关应用领域的技术定位功能需求出发，讨论卫生技术装备管理的功能配置评估。