晚期糖基化终产物改变心肌细胞自发钙火花形态学

 目的:本研究旨在探讨晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）对心肌细胞雷诺丁受体（RyR）活性的影响及钙调控作用,从而阐明糖尿病心肌病心脏功能障碍的潜在机制。方法:通过激光共聚焦显微成像技术在培养的乳鼠心肌细胞观察自发钙火花发放频率以及钙火花的形态。结果:与对照组相比,AGEs大幅度增加钙火花的发放频率,其中10 mg/L AGEs组增加48％（P<0.01）,50 mg/L组AGEs增加200％（P<0.01）;而150 mg/L组AGEs组增加110％（P<0.01）。AGEs改变自发钙火花的形态、降低钙火花的幅度、宽度和钙火花持续时间并增加心肌细胞静息期钙离子水平。结论: AGEs引起自发钙火花的发放频率,从而增强钙火花介导的肌浆网Ca2+漏流,增加心肌细胞静息期钙离子水平,这可能是引起糖尿病性心肌病收缩功能障碍的重要原因。     

Impact of aging on spreading depolarizations induced by focal brain ischemia in rats

Spreading depolarization (SD) contributes to the ischemic damage of the penumbra. Although age is the largest predictor of stroke, no studies have examined age dependence of SD appearance. We characterized the electrophysiological and hemodynamic changes in young (6 weeks old, n = 7), middle-aged (9 months old, n = 6), and old (2 years old, n = 7) male Wistar rats during 30 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), utilizing multimodal imaging through a closed cranial window over the ischemic cortex: membrane potential changes (with a voltage-sensitive dye), cerebral blood volume (green light reflectance), and cerebral blood flow (CBF, laser-speckle imaging) were observed. The initial CBF drop was similar in all groups, with a significant further reduction during ischemia in old rats (p < 0.01). Age reduced the total number of SDs (p < 0.05) but increased the size of ischemic area displaying prolonged SD (p < 0.01). The growth of area undergoing prolonged SDs positively correlated with the growth of ischemic core area (p < 0.01) during MCAO. Prolonged SDs and associated hypoperfusion likely compromise cortical tissue exposed to even a short focal ischemia in aged rats.     

组织工程化心肌片层移植心肌梗死大鼠的心功能及电生理变化

背景：组织工程化心肌组织在组成结构上类似于心脏组织的三维电偶联网络和肌肉横纹,而且具有心肌组织样收缩功能,为病损心肌提供了修复的可能性。 目的：观察心肌细胞/胶原复合体移植后心肌梗死大鼠心室肌的心功能及电生理变化。 方法：将成年SD大鼠分为假手术组、模型组、移植组,后2组制作心肌梗死动物模型,假手术组仅开胸,不结扎冠状动脉。移植组移植心肌细胞与胶原材料复合组织,其他2组不进行移植。 结果与结论：①左室心功能：与假手术组相比,模型组左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径均显著增大(P < 0.01),左室射血分数和左室短轴缩短率显著降低(P < 0.01);移植组左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径、左室射血分数和左室短轴缩短率均未见明显增大或降低(P > 0.01)。②左室有效不应期变化：与假手术组相比,模型组梗死周边区有效不应期显著缩短(P < 0.01);移植组梗死周边区有效不应期较模型组延长,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。③Cx43免疫荧光结果：假手术组、模型组和移植组大鼠缝隙连接蛋白43阳性表达依次呈现阳性,弱阳性,弱阳性。但移植组缝隙连接蛋白43阳性表达高于模型组。结果可见移植的心肌细胞/胶原复合体在组织和结构上形成电偶联网络和收缩偶联,能改善心肌梗死大鼠心室肌的收缩功能及电生理特性。     

一种无线闭环迷走神经刺激器及系统

为了治疗药物难治性癫痫,提出一种无线闭环迷走神经刺激器及系统,包括头戴式头皮脑电记录器、迷走神经刺激器、电磁耦合能量发射器和控制应用App,设计一种可以分离局部场电位和动作电位的生物信号前置放大器,一种刺激脉冲参数可调的迷走神经刺激器,一种电磁耦合能量发射器以及一个控制应用App。使用海岸线参数检测算法判定癫痫脑电信号的产生。测试结果表明,生物信号前置放大器对局部场电位和动作电位的放大增益分别为40和60 dB。迷走神经刺激器接收到来自控制应用App的刺激参数后,可以产生对应参数的双极性刺激脉冲。当发射器发射功率为30 dBm,发射线圈和接收线圈距离2 cm时,电磁耦合能量传输效率最大为15.4%。海岸线参数算法的正检率为88%。     

基于小波包-交叉频率相干性的肌间耦合特性

人体运动控制系统具有高度的非线性特性,通过量化评价表面肌电(sEMG)信号间的非线性耦合强度,可以得到运动相关肌肉的功能状态,进而探究人体运动控制的机制。本文将小波包分解和n∶m相干性分析相结合,构建基于小波包-n∶m相干性的肌间交叉频率耦合分析模型,探究肌电信号间的非线性耦合关系。在维持30%最大自主收缩力(MVC)的肘部屈伸状态下,采集20名健康成年人的sEMG信号,首先基于小波包分解获取子带分量,然后将子带信号进行n∶m相干性计算,分析肌间耦合特征。结果表明:30%MVC的肘部屈曲运动下,协同肌对和拮抗肌对的线性耦合(频率比为1∶1时)强度高于非线性耦合(频率比为1∶2、2∶1和1∶3、3∶1时);对于肌间非线性耦合,随着频率比的增大,耦合强度随之降低,且频率比为n∶m和m∶n之间没有明显的耦合强度差异;beta和gamma频段内的肌间耦合主要体现在协同肌对之间的线性耦合(1∶1)和低频率比的非线性耦合(1∶2、2∶1)以及拮抗肌对之间的线性耦合上。以上说明:小波包-n∶m相干性方法可以定性、定量地描述肌间非线性耦合强度,为深入揭示人体运动控制机制和运动功能障碍患者的康复评价提供理论参考。     

Photocatalytic Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions over Palladium Anchored on 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐Based Polymers

Through a one‐pot Friedel–Crafts polymerization method, a series of 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐based polymers with excellent light capturing ability is synthesized to support palladium for light‐driven Suzuki–Miyaura reactions (SMRs). The results of X‐ray powder diffractometer and transmission electron microscopy analyses suggest that the 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐based polymers are amorphous in structure and irregular in morphology. According to the data of thermogravimetric analysis and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller gas absorption, they are thermally stable up to 340 °C and are large in specific surface area. With palladium anchored securely on the 8‐hydroxyquinoline units of the polymer skeleton, the obtained photocatalysts exhibit excellent activity and reusability in SMRs under blue‐light irradiation.     

基于时变copula互信息的肌间耦合分析

如何准确、合理地衡量中枢神经系统调控下的肌间耦合关系,是一个富有挑战性的研究课题。在时变copula函数的基础上,通过与熵理论相结合,提出一种时变copula互信息估计方法,并将其应用于10名被试腕屈、腕展运动过程中,肱二头肌(BB)和肱三头肌(TB)记录的表面肌电(sEMG)信号在theta、alpha、beta等特征频段的耦合分析,同时对照静态copula函数验证其有效性,所用数据源自Ninapro DB4。实验结果表明,较之静态copula函数,时变copula函数对肌间相依结构的拟合优度更高,由时变copula互信息描述的肌间耦合强度存在显著的频段差异(P<0.05),具体表现为频段越高肌间耦合强度越低(腕屈:0.075 7~0.214 7 bit;腕展:0.078 0~0.237 3 bit),而静态copula互信息严重地低估肌间耦合强度。时变copula互信息为肌间耦合分析提供一种先进的理论指导方法,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Robust coupling of body movement and gaze in young infants

In the first few months after birth, rapid bursts of body movement precede and possibly facilitate shifts of gaze during free looking, with potential consequences for perception and cognition. Here we report that the characteristic features of movement-gaze coupling found during free looking are preserved when attention is perturbed by a salient change in the visual environment. Twenty-four 3-month-olds looked at two attractive 3-dimensional objects while body movement and corneal reflections of the objects were recorded. Lateral head movement was measured offline. After approximately 2 s of looking at one stimulus, the nonfixated stimulus either began to rotate back and forth (distracter events) or remained motionless (control events). In distracter events, the motion of the nonfixated stimulus triggered substantial motor quieting, shortened the duration of the look, and shortened the time to reorient gaze compared to control events. Abbreviated motor quieting and small increases in lateral head movement occurred during control events at the same time in the look as the protracted motor quieting and increased head movement in distracter events. Despite these perturbations, the characteristic bursts of body movement that precede shifts of gaze during free looking occurred in both distracter and control events. The results demonstrate the robust nature of early movement-gaze coupling, raise questions about the specific role of attention in the dynamic links between body movement and gaze, and highlight the potential short and long term functional significance of movement-gaze-attention coupling.     

心血管疾病患者血浆CF 6的含量变化

目的:研究常见心血管疾病中血浆内线粒体偶联因子6(mitochondrial coupling factor 6,CF6)含量的变化,以探讨CF6在其发病中的意义.方法:放射免疫分析检测血浆CF6的含量(pg/ml).结果:正常健康人群血浆CF6含量为210.5±33.7pg/ml.原发性高血压患者为307.5±95.5pg/ml,急性心肌梗塞患者为364.5±105.1,心力衰竭患者为351.2±104.6;睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者为351.9±87.1,原发性高血压伴糖尿病患者为466.4±136.3,p＜0.01,与正常人比较均明显升高(均p＜0.01或p＜0.05);稳定性心绞痛患者为266.3±69.3,心律失常患者为258.8±80.1,有上升趋势,但无统计学明显差异(p＞0.05),肺动脉高压患者降低(159.3±122.8,p＞0.05).结论:原发性高血压、急性心肌梗塞、心力衰竭、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血浆CF6含量明显升高,并与病情严重程度有关,提示CF6可能在其病理生理过程中发挥着重要的作用,对于变化的机制及其意义有待于深入研究.