高校图书馆分阶段多途径信息素养教育的实践

目的：探索高校图书馆利用新技术、新媒体开展面向不同对象的信息素养教育模式。方法：分析近几年高校图书馆信息素养教育研究论文,以中国药科大学图书馆信息素养教育实践为例,研究信息素养教育的模式、途径、内容及媒体,构建分层次、多途径、全方位、立体式的信息素养教育体系。结果：高校图书馆开展信息素养教育有利于增强学生的检索能力、阅读能力、写作能力及分析能力。结论：建立信息素养教育联盟、信息素养教育平台及信息素养教育评价体系是高校图书馆开展信息素养教育的未来之路。     

精神专科医院2015-2017年门诊第二类精神药品利用分析与评价

目的 对精神科2015～2017年门诊第二类精神药品利用情况进行调查分析与评价,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 对2015～2017年本院第二类精神药品销售量、销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）及日均费用（DDC）等进行分析。结果 我院第二类精神药品的销售量、用药频度逐年递增,其中苯二氮卓类占主导地位。销售量前五位分别是氯硝西泮、劳拉西泮、艾司唑仑、阿普唑仑和右佐匹克隆,而奥沙西泮递增趋势明显,唑吡坦销售量逐年下降。DDDs较高前三位分别是氯硝西泮、阿普唑仑和劳拉西泮,奥沙西泮在2017年度DDDs上升明显,其余品种基本保持平稳状态。销售金额排序前三位分别是右佐匹克隆、劳拉西泮和氯硝西泮。DDC排序前三位分别是奥沙西泮、右佐匹克隆和唑吡坦,此三个品种的DDC均超过10元,DDC最低的两个品种为艾司唑仑和阿普唑仑,其DDC值均低于1元。 结论第二类精神药品在我院门诊使用基本合理,符合相关使用指导原则。个别品种使用率较高,存在一定程度的滥用,要加强管理,减少和避免产生依赖。     

TBL+PAL+翻转课堂混合式教学在本科生《护理心理学》教学中的应用

目的 探讨以团队为基础的学习（team-based learning,TBL）+同伴互助学习（peer assisted leaning,PAL）+翻转课堂混合式教学在护理本科生《护理心理学》课程教学中的应用效果。方法 将2018级4个班级146名护理本科生,整群抽样1~2班为试验组（73人）,3~4班为对照组（73人）。试验组采用TBL+PAL+翻转课堂混合式教学,对照组采用传统教学。课程结束后评价两组学生课程期末考试成绩及案例分析成绩,两组学生自评核心能力得分。采用SPSS 18.0进行t检验。结果 试验组学生的期末考试成绩为（82.30±7.77）分、案例分析考核成绩为（46.13±2.91）分,均高于对照组[（74.97±7.05）分、（40.36±4.25）分];试验组学生的自主学习能力得分[（8.03±0.91）分]、分析问题能力得分得分[（7.99±0.99）分、团队合作能力得分[（7.67±1.09）分]及评判性思维能力得分[（7.03±1.33）分]均高于对照组[（6.21±1.17）、（5.64±1.28）、（5.79±1.27）、（5.15±1.16）]。结论 TBL+PAL+翻转课堂混合式教学将3种教学形式取长补短、优势整合,促进学生对知识点的理解和掌握运用,提高学生自主学习能力、团队合作能力及分析问题能力,强化学生综合知识与技能的迁移及应用能力,提升教学效果,同时也拓展了《护理心理学》的教学思路。     

新型半导体激光联合康复新液辅助治疗Ⅲ期/C级牙周炎的临床效果

目的 分析新型半导体激光联合康复新液治疗Ⅲ期/C级牙周炎患者的临床效果。方法 选取2021年1-10月在武警特色医学中心口腔颌面科牙周组就诊且诊断为Ⅲ期/C级牙周炎患者60例,常规进行牙周非手术治疗,即行龈上洁治术、龈下刮治术及根面平整。术后采用自体比对,根据牙列的左右相对应分成对照组和试验组。两组均进行康复新液袋内冲洗含漱;试验组在此基础上加入新型半导体激光治疗。比较两组治疗的临床有效率,治疗前与治疗后1、3、6个月的牙周临床指数(牙龈指数、出血指数、探诊深度、附着水平)变化,治疗前及治疗6个月后牙槽骨高度变化。结果 治疗后试验组临床总有效率96.7%,高于对照组的90.0%(P<0.05);两组牙周临床指数均较前有所下降,试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后6个月,试验组的牙槽骨高度明显增高,对照组前后对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 新型半导体激光联合康复新液辅助治疗Ⅲ期/C级牙周炎患者的临床效果显著,值得推广。     

摆式矫治器加直丝弓技术治疗第二恒磨牙完全萌出后的效果

目的 探讨头影测量和定量分析摆式矫治器加直丝弓技术在上颌第2磨牙萌出后的治疗效果.方法 选择安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)患者,分为两组,第2磨牙未萌出者为对照组,第2磨牙完全萌出者为实验组.两组均戴用摆式矫治器,推磨牙向远中,当上下磨牙达到轻度安氏Ⅲ类关系时,维持3个月,拆除摆式矫治器.两组皆用滑动直丝弓技术进行第2期矫治,直至治疗结束.每位患者皆拍摄头颅侧位片.对患者的头颅侧位片进行测量、分析.结果 实验组的第1磨牙近中颊尖向远中移动4.62 mm,几何中心移动3.75 mm,约占第1磨牙远中移动量的81％.对照组的第1磨牙近中颊尖向远中移动5.78 mm,几何中心移动3.20 mm,约占第1磨牙远中移动量的55％,以上变化差异均具有显著的统计意义(P＜0.01).可见,两组的第1磨牙皆能有效地向远中移动,但实验组以整体移动为主,对照组以倾斜移动为主.结论 在上颌第2磨牙完全萌出的情况下,摆式矫治器仍可以有效远中移动第1、2磨牙.摆式矫治器加直丝弓技术仍可获得良好疗效.     

Erfahrungen mit der gefäßgestielten Fibula in der Rekonstruktion von ossären Defekten bei primär malignen Knochentumoren

To bridge large bone defects after resection of primary malignant bone tumors, an autologous free vascularized fibular graft was used in 31 patients (15 x upper limb, 16 x lower limb). The median bone defect measured 16 cm (7-29.5 cm). At the lower extremity the vascularized fibular transplant was reinforced with an allograft and different osteosyntheses. At the upper limb stabilization of the transplant was obtained exclusively by plate osteosynthesis or condylar plate. Applications and the authors' experiences are described and discussed in terms of clinical outcome, graft union, functional outcome, and complications for each localization. After a median of 48 months, ten complications at the upper limb and eight complications at the lower limb, respectively, were seen requiring secondary surgical revision. Major complications such as perioperative deaths or secondary amputations were not observed. Functional evaluation showed better results for the lower than for the upper extremity, due mainly to en bloc resection of proportionally large amounts of soft tissues around the shoulder girdle for local tumor control. Despite the demanding operative procedure and a large number of controllable complications, the good functional outcome and high patient satisfaction indicate that the free vascularized fibular graft is an option for limb-sparing surgery of primary malignant bone tumors.     

Neuromelanin-Sensitive MRI

Abstract   The basics and the technique of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for visualizing the neuromelanin present in dopaminergic and noradrenergic nuclei in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and locus caeruleus (LC) are introduced. Neuromelanin, a black pigment produced during catecholamine synthesis, has paramagnetic T1-shortening effects. Conventional MRI techniques fail to depict the contrast generated by neuromelanin, but neuromelanin-sensitive T1-weighted fast spin echo technique at 3 T allows the direct visualization of the SNc and LC as hyperintense areas. In Parkinson's disease, neuromelanin-related signals from the SNc and LC are diminished, suggesting neuronal degeneration in both the nuclei. In depression and schizophrenia, signals from the LC are reduced while those from the SNc are augmented, suggesting monoamine and dopamine hypotheses, respectively. Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI is a promising technique to elucidate the pathologic or functional changes in the catecholamine neurons of the brain stem that occur in degenerative and psychiatric diseases.      

The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) 2022 Expert Consensus Document: The use of mechanical circulatory support in lung transplantation

ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.     

结直肠癌化疗患者自我同情发展轨迹及影响因素分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌化疗患者自我同情发展轨迹的类别及影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法 选取179例结直肠癌化疗患者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、自我同情量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表分别于化疗前(T1)、第1个周期化疗后(T2)、第3个周期化疗后(T3)及第6个周期化疗后(T4)进行追踪调查。采用潜类别增长分析模型识别自我同情变化轨迹的潜在类别,logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 患者的自我同情变化轨迹可分为低水平上升组(45.8%)、高水平稳定组(23.5%)、中水平降低组(30.7%)。logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、肿瘤临床分期、有无造口影响自我同情的轨迹类别(均P<0.05)。结论 结直肠癌化疗患者自我同情分为3种变化轨迹,自我同情存在群体异质性,应基于患者自我同情变化轨迹有针对性地进行评估和干预。     

Pediatric Splenic Injury: Nonoperative Management First!

Abstract Background and Purpose:  In the past splenectomy was the standard procedure for traumatic blunt splenic injury, when bleeding of the spleen occurred. Since the spleen performs important immunological functions the advantage of a spleen-saving approach is preservation of immunological functions. Especially in the pediatric population splenic preservation is an important objective. Spleen-saving treatment, in particular selective nonoperative management, has gained ground in the past 20 years. An 18-year retrospective review was performed to evaluate our cumulative experience with nonoperative management. Endpoints: hemodynamical instability and splenectomy. Methods:  Forty-six patients were identified. Demographics, methods of management, mechanism of injury, injury grade, associated injuries, hemodynamical parameters, bloodtransfusion, complications, ICU and hospital stay were documented and analyzed to determine statistical significance between modes of management. Results:  Initially, 34 patients were managed nonoperatively, while 12 patients underwent laparotomy – with 7 (58.3% of the operative group) of these having splenectomy performed. Three patients (out of 34) failed nonoperative management and required delayed splenorraphy or splenectomy, a 91.2% (3 out of 34 failed) success rate for intended nonoperative management versus 85.7% for intended splenorraphy (1 out of 7 failed). Thus, overall rates of 67.4% nonoperative management and 82.6% splenic conservation were achieved. Analysis of parameters between treatments showed significant differences between nonoperative management and splenorraphy for splenic injury grade II and IV. Conclusion:  We recommend based on our data on children with splenic injury grades II and IV that the standard treatment for children aged 0 to 18 years due to blunt abdominal trauma should be nonoperative management. However management of blunt splenic injury remains a clinical decision, for this reason does not preclude on CT-scan grade V for nonoperative management.