486例2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属中医体质类型调查分析

目的:初步了解浙江平湖地区2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属中医体质类型分布情况。方法:采用王琦《中医体质分类研究》问卷对就诊我院糖尿病专科门诊及入住糖尿病专科病房的2型糖尿病患者子女进行方便抽样横断面现场调查486例。结果:平和质52例(26.3%),单纯偏颇体质220例,兼夹偏颇体质214例;偏颇体质类型中累计频率由高到底依次为气虚质(61.4%)、阴虚质(56.4%)、痰湿质(50.8%)、阳虚质(21.6%)、气郁质(20.2%)、湿热质(17.9%)、血瘀质(10.5%)、特禀质(7.2%);兼夹偏颇体质中2种体质兼夹125例,其中气虚兼阴虚质42例,气虚兼痰湿质48例3,种体质兼夹40例,4种体质兼夹26例,5种体质兼夹14例,6种体质兼夹9例。结论:2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属人群9种中医体质分布存在差异,偏颇及兼夹偏颇体质多见为主要特征。     

益智仁盐炙对水负荷多尿模型大鼠缩尿作用的研究

目的:通过比较盐炙益智仁对水负荷多尿模型大鼠的缩尿作用,进一步验证益智仁盐炙人肾传统炮制理论的正确性.方法:SD大鼠按尿量、体重均匀分成正常组、模型组、缩泉丸组、益智仁石油醚部位生品(低、中、高剂量)组、盐炙品(低、中、高剂量)9组,缩泉丸组剂量为1.5 g·kg-1,益智仁石油醚部位生品和盐炙品低、中、高剂量分别为含生药4.5,9,18g·kg-1.各组按10 mL·kg-1体积灌胃给药1周后,用1％盐水造成大鼠水负荷多尿模型.采用代谢笼法测定大鼠尿量、首次排尿时间,并计算6h排泄率;放免法测定大鼠血清精氨酸加压素(AVP)含量.结果:与模型组相比,益智仁生、炙品(除生品低剂量组外)能显著降低0～1h段大鼠尿量(P＜0.01),延长大鼠首次排尿时间(生品高剂量组P＜0.05,盐炙品低、中、高剂量组P ＜0.01),显著降低大鼠6h排泄率(生品高剂量组P＜0.05,盐炙品高剂量组P＜0.01).与模型组相比,各组AVP含量均升高,其中生品高剂量、盐炙品中、高剂量组有极显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:益智仁石油醚部位具有缩尿作用,盐炙能增强其作用.     

首诊眼科的颅脑疾患诊断分析

目的总结不同眼部症状首诊眼科的颅脑疾患。方法回顾性研究8a间不同眼部症状首诊眼科的32例颅脑疾患的临床资料。结果颅内不同部位肿瘤17例,脑梗塞3例,良性颅高压症3例,脑出血2例,空泡蝶鞍症2例,视交叉双侧颈内动脉梭形动脉瘤1例,桥脑缺血性改变1例,视神经脊髓炎1例,多发性硬化症1例,癔病性黑朦1例。结论首诊于眼科的患者具有与神经系统相关的症状和体征时,应考虑有颅脑疾患的可能。     

复方氯霉素凝胶的研制及质量控制

目的：制备复方氯霉素凝胶剂。方法：以氯霉素、己烯雌酚、硫酸锌为主药，卡泊姆为凝胶基质，制备复方氯霉素凝胶。用导数光谱法控制主药氯霉素的含量。结果：氯霉素的平均回收率为100．74％，RSD为0．29％。结论：该凝胶剂制备工艺简单，凝胶性质稳定，质量可控，可满足临床需求。     

First-Principles Study on the Adsorption Behavior of O2 on the Surface of Plutonium Gallium System

To deeply understand the adsorption process of oxygen on the surface of a plutonium gallium system and to reveal the chemical reaction mechanism at the initial stage of oxidative corrosion on the surface of plutonium gallium alloy at a theoretical level, the adsorption behavior of oxygen molecules on the surface of a plutonium gallium system was investigated by a first-principles approach based on density flooding theory. The results show that the molecular bond length increases and finally breaks when the surface oxygen molecule is adsorbed on the surface of plutonium gallium system and dissociates into two atomic states. The most likely adsorption position of oxygen molecules on the surface of plutonium gallium system is hole-site vertical adsorption with the adsorption energy size of 10.7 eV. The bonding between oxygen atom and surface is mainly due to the overlapping hybridization of Pu-6s, Pu-7s, Pu-6d, Ga-3d and O-2p orbitals. Oxygen molecules mainly interact with the atoms of the first layer on the surface of the plutonium gallium system. The oxygen atoms after stable adsorption are able to diffuse to the subsurface of the plutonium gallium system after overcoming the energy barrier of 16.7 eV and form a stable structure. The research results reveal the initial reaction process and adsorption law of oxygen on the surface of plutonium gallium system from microscopic level, which is helpful to further explore the surface corrosion prevention technology of plutonium gallium system and improve the reliability and safety of plutonium gallium alloy components.     

阿立哌唑治疗首发精神分裂症30例

目的评估阿立哌唑治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和副反应。方法将60例首发精神分裂症住院患者随机均分为两组，分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗8周。采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、临床疗效总评量表的病情严重程度项（CGI～sI）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效与副反应。结果两组疗效和副反应发生率比较无显著性差异，但阿立哌唑的锥体外系反应和内分泌改变发生率显著低于利培酮。结论阿立哌唑治疗首发精神分裂症安全有效。     

Preclinical factors affecting the interindividual variability in the clearance of the investigational anti-cancer drug 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid

Cancer chemotherapy is characterized by significant interindividual variations in systemic clearance, therapeutic response, and toxicity. These variations are due mainly to genetic factors, leading to alterations in drug metabolism and/or target proteins. The aim of this study was to determine, using a human liver bank (N=14), the interindividual variations in the expression and activity of liver enzymes that metabolize the investigational anticancer drug 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), i.e cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A9/2B7). In addition, interindividual variations in enzyme inhibition, hydrolysis of DMXAA acyl glucuronide (DMXAA-G) by plasma and hepatic microsomes, and the binding of DMXAA by plasma proteins also were examined. The results indicated that there was approximately one order of magnitude of interindividual variation in the expression of CYP1A2 and UGT2B7, activity of the enzymes toward DMXAA, and inhibition potency (IC(50)) by diclofenac, cyproheptadine, and alpha-naphthoflavone. The enzyme activities toward DMXAA and IC(50) values were closely correlated with enzyme expression. There was a smaller (2- to 3-fold) variation in the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of DMXAA acyl glucuronide in human plasma and liver microsomes (N=6) and in the binding of DMXAA by plasma proteins in humans. In conclusion, the interindividual variability of DMXAA disposition observed in vitro might reflect the greater elimination variability (>one order of magnitude) in Phase I cancer patients. The variability in DMXAA clearance in these cancer patients would be due mainly to differences in its metabolism and its metabolic inhibition by co-administered drugs. To a lesser extent, variability in the clearance of DMXAA could be due to the hydrolysis of its acyl glucuronide and/or its binding to plasma proteins. Further study is needed to examine the genotype-phenotype relationship, and the result, together with therapeutic drug monitoring may provide a useful strategy for optimizing DMXAA treatment.     

独一味不同提取物工业化提取分离纯化工艺研究

目的 应用大孔吸附树脂结合聚酰胺柱色谱法富集分离独一味中黄酮类、苯乙醇苷类、环烯醚萜苷类及大极性成分(生物碱盐、糖类等),并实现工业化生产.方法 独一味水提物经聚酰胺和大孔吸附树脂串联及并联方法,用CCPP系列色谱设备进行分离富集,LM-125型超滤设备超滤纯化,JYT-50 LN多功能动态热回流提取浓缩机组减压干燥,分别富集得到水洗脱物、70％乙醇洗脱物Ⅰ(70％乙醇洗脱聚酰胺柱)、70％乙醇洗脱物Ⅱ(70％乙醇洗脱大孔吸附树脂柱)、超滤物;采用一阶导数紫外分光光度法测定总环烯醚萜苷的量,采用碱性硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠显色分光光光度法测定总黄酮和总苯乙醇苷的量,采用HPLC法测定山栀苷甲酯、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯.结果 采用70％乙醇为溶媒,聚酰胺柱采用“上进下出”的进样方式和“上进下出”的洗脱方式,大孔吸附树脂柱采用“下进上出”的进样方式和“上进下出”的洗脱方式时,70％乙醇洗脱物Ⅰ、70％乙醇洗脱物Ⅱ、超滤物的得率分别为2.43％、20.80％、82.60％.结论 此生产工艺方法及参数可以成功地将实验成果转化为工业化生产.     

Autonomic nervous system mediates the cardiovascular effects of Rhodiola sacra radix in rats

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rhodiola sacra (Crassulaceae) exhibits cardiovascular bioactivities and is used in Tibetan medicine for promoting circulation and preventing hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms of its cardiovascular effects are poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the cardiovascular activity of water-soluble fraction (WtF) and n-butanol-soluble fraction (BtF) of Rhodiola sacra radix and to explore its mechanism of action in propofol anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The changes of blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac contractility after systemic administration of the extracts (10-75mg/kg) were examined for at least 40min. Different antagonists were used to evaluate the mechanisms of cardiovascular effects of the extracts. RESULTS: Intravenous injection of the WtF (10, 25, 35, 50 or 75mg/kg) exhibited dose-dependent hypotension and increases in heart rate and cardiac contractility. In contrast, mild alterations in the same cardiovascular parameters were detected only at high dose (75mg/kg) BtF. The WtF-induced hypotensive, positive inotropic and chronotropic effects were significantly abolished by pretreatment with hexamethonium (30mg/kg, i.v.) or reserpine (5mg/kg, i.v.), whereas the hypotensive, but not the positive inotropic or chronotropic effect was potentiated by captopril (2.5mg/kg, i.v.). Pretreatment with methylatropine (1mg/kg, i.v.), on the other hand, reversed the positive inotropic and chronotropic but not the hypotensive effects of WtF. The WtF-induced cardiovascular responses were not affected in rats pretreated with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (20mg/kg, i.v.). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that systemic administration of the WtF of Rhodiola sacra radix elicited a potent hypotensive effect that was mediated by the withdrawal of sympathetic vasomotor tone and interaction with the circulatory angiotensin system. The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of WtF may result from a direct vagal inhibition on the heart.