Effects of hemorrhagic shock, aspirin, and ethanol on secretagogue-induced experimental pancreatitis

The effects of hemorrhagic shock, aspirin, and ethanol on the biochemical and morphologic changes of experimental pancreatitis were evaluated. Pancreatitis was induced by infusing rats with a supramaximally stimulating dose (5 μg/kg/h) of caerulein. Hemorrhagic shock was established by removing sufficient blood to reduce mean arterial pressure by 30%, where it was maintained for 30 min. Aspirin (25 mg/kg) and ethanol (2 g/kg) were administered through an orogastric tube at 8-h intervals for 48 h. Hemorrhagic shock did not alter the degree of hyperamylasemia, pancreatic edema, cathepsin subcellular redistribution, or in vitro LDH leakage that characterize this model of pancreatitis. Hemorrhagic shock did, however, worsen the morphologic evidence of pancreatic injury. Administration of aspirin with ethanol did not alter the degree of hyperamy-lasemia, pancreatic edema, or subcellular cathepsin redistribution. Aspirin-ethanol pretreatment also did not alter the morphologic severity of pancreatitis.     

Gastric mucosal protection with β-phenylethylamine (PEA) and other sympathomimetic amines against absolute ethanol in the rat

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of -phenylethylamine (PEA), an amphetamine-like compound present in the blood during high stress situations, to protect rat gastric mucosa against absolute ethanol. F-344 rats were pretreated with PEA in saline at several dose levels and at various times prior to oral administration of 1 ml absolute ethanol. PEA at dose levels of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the severity of alcohol-induced lesions following oral, but not parenteral, treatment. The duration of protection with PEA was approximately 90 min, with maximum protection observed when PEA was administered 15–30 min before alcohol. Pretreatment with indomethacin did not prevent or reduce the protection induced by PEA. Other sympathomimetic amines such as isoproterenol and ephedrin were similarly cytoprotective against absolute ethanol while amphetamine, phenylephrine, and epinephrine proved ineffective. These results add further support to the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating gastric mucosal protection in the rat.     

Effects of alcohol on lectin binding affinity in rat gastric mucosa

Fluoresceinated lectins were employed to qualitatively evaluate cell surface carbohydrates, with and without ethanol exposure, in rat stomach mucosae. Rats received 1 ml of saline, or 50% or 100% ethanol orally. After 30 min, tissue samples of the glandular stomach were retrieved, cryosectioned, and incubated with one of a panel of lectins. Another set of sections was preincubated with neuraminidase to remove sialic acid residues. Qualitative evaluation of lectin binding showed that although several different sites stained, concanavalin A was the only lectin to stain the extracellular matrix, and soybean agglutinin the only lectin to stain chief cells. Neuraminidase preincubation enhanced lectin binding to both stained and previously unstained sites. Ethanol, both 50% and 100%, produced changes in both neuraminidase-treated and untreated tissues, increasing the specific binding of concanavalin A, Ulex europaeusagglutinin I, and wheat germ agglutinin, while decreasing Helix pomatiaagglutinin and soybean agglutinin. These results suggest that ethanol can, through unknown mechanisms, alter carbohydrate binding affinity.Supported by NIAAA grant AA 06887 and NIH grant DK 25838.     

无水乙醇硬膜外注入脊神经毁损术用于晚期肿瘤止痛68例

目的探讨无水乙醇硬膜外注入脊神经毁损术对于晚期肿瘤患者的止痛效果。方法68例晚期肿瘤患者采用无水乙醇硬膜外注入脊神经毁损术治疗,观察其安全性及疗效。结果患者治疗前、治疗后1周、1月、3月的平均VAS评分分别为8.5±0.5、1.5±1.2、3.8±1.0、4.5±1.0,疼痛缓解优良率分别为100%、95.3%、71.6%。生活质量均有显著改善。除出现排尿困难7例（10.3%）,恶心嗜睡、下肢麻木各5例（7.4%）外,未发生严重不良反应。结论采用无水乙醇硬膜外注入脊神经毁损术对于晚期肿瘤患者止痛效果明显,且安全易行,值得推广。     

莪术油和无水乙醇双介入治疗中晚期肝癌

目的:观察莪术油经肝动脉栓塞加无水乙醇瘤体注射治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法:将75例患者分为双介入组(莪术油肝动脉栓塞配合经皮无水乙醇注射疗法)、莪术油组、无水乙醇组,分别采用相应的方法治疗,观察治疗后肿瘤的病灶变化、AFP、肝功能、生存时间及毒副反应。结果:双介入组在近期疗效、生存期及毒副反应等方面优于莪术油介入组和无水乙醇介入组。结论:莪术油经肝动脉栓塞加无水乙醇瘤体注射治疗原发性肝癌的疗效显著,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

输精管逆向注射30%乙醇引起大鼠精子活力低下的实验研究

目的:探讨输精管逆向注射30%乙醇至附睾导致大鼠精子活力低下的原因以及机制。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为注射组(n=15)、假手术对照组(n=15)和正常对照组(n=10),注射组在输精管靠近附睾2 cm处用1 m l注射器注射30%乙醇0.5 m l;假手术组只在输精管管壁相同部位用注射针刺一小孔;对照组未作任何处置。术后1个月,比较3组大鼠精子活力,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察输精管管壁的变化,检测附睾组织匀浆中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和肉碱的含量变化。结果:1个月后,注射组的精子活动率为(30±14)%,假手术组(64±11)%,正常组为(68±9)%。注射组精子活力明显降低,与假手术对照组和正常对照组比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。IL-6、IFN-γ含量注射组分别为(772.7±211.0)、(350.7±39.0)pg/m l,假手术组分别为(308.5±121.0)、(172.2±61.0)pg/m l,正常对照组分别为(287.8±143.0)、(163.8±21.0)pg/m l,注射组显著高于假手术组和对照组(P<0.05)。注射组肉碱含量[(491.1±48.0)mol/L]显著低于假手术组[(664.6±45.0)mol/L]和对照组[(605.5±99.0)mol/L],P均<0.05。结论:输精管逆向注射低浓度乙醇能干扰附睾中的精子成熟环境,并激活生殖系统的免疫细胞分泌细胞因子,导致精子活力低下。     

Symptomatic liver cyst: Special reference to surgical management

We conducted a retrospective study of 14 patients with symptomatic liver cysts to evaluate current therapeutic interventions for this condition. Abdominal pain (n = 7) or abdominal mass (n = 5) were the most frequent presentations. Three patients also had renal cyst. Percutaneous aspiration with ethanol sclerotheraphy was carried out in 4 patients and all cysts so treated diminished in size, with relief of the symptoms. One patient was treated by aspiration only and re-retension occurred. Cystectomy was performed in 2 patients, unroofing in 5, and fenestration in 2 patients. All patients gained relief of symptoms, with no recurrence of symptoms. Computed tomography revealed that the cysts were diminished or were no longer observable after all the treatments. Our experience indicates that unroofing, fenestration, and cystectomy are safe and suitable procedures for treatment of the condition. Ethanol sclerotherapy may be a feasible alternative to surgical intervention in selected patients. Received for publication on July 23, 1997; accepted on Dec. 25, 1997     

A modified technique for ethanol injection of liver tumors: preliminary results

The technique for ethanol injection of liver tumors was modified in order to obtain less reflux with a better intratumoral distribution of ethanol, leading to more extensive necrosis and to a reduction of pain. The needle was stopped just before its entrance into the tumor and ethanol was injected while the needle was advanced a little beyond the distant border of the tumor. Pain and change in echogenicity during and immediately after each injection were evaluated in 11 patients with 38 malignant lesions who received 90 injections with the new or 46 with the conventional technique. Computed tomography and biopsies were used for later follow-up. With the new technique the injected tissue volume converted much more markedly to high echogenicity (p 0.005), the pain was significantly reduced (p 0.001), and posttreatment biopsies significantly less often contained viable cells (p 0.005). These preliminary results suggest that the modified injections were more effective and less painful, and have enabled us to inject a larger volume of ethanol at each session to reduce the number of treatments. Correspondence to: N. M. Elgindy     

慢性酒精刺激对大鼠背侧纹状体突触可塑性的影响

目的:观察较长期酒精处理及戒断后,大鼠背侧纹状体突触可塑性的变化.方法:在大鼠慢性饮酒10、20、30天及戒断后1、3、7天用脑片记录场电位的方法观察背侧纹状体长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)诱导的变化,用透射电镜(TEM)观察突触超微结构的变化.结果:慢性饮酒不同时期对大鼠背侧纹状体LTP的诱导均有阻抑,饮酒10天阻抑作用最强(P<0.05),饮酒20、30天的阻抑作用逐步减弱(P>0.05),戒断7天LTP较对照组有反跳性增强(P<0.05);戒断7天突触界面活性区长度变长、饮酒20、30大组突触间隙宽度变窄、饮酒30天组和撤酒7天组突触后膜致密物质(post synaptic density,PSD)变薄(以上差异均为P<0.05).结论:慢性酒精刺激可导致大鼠背侧纹状体突触传递效能和结合特性的改变.