肾上腺素对糖尿病性白内障患者角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的：观察不同浓度肾上腺素对糖尿病并发白内障患者行超声乳化白内障吸除术后角膜内皮细胞的影响,探讨术中应用肾上腺素的合理浓度。方法选取2013年1至6月糖尿病性白内障患者90例（90眼）,随机分为3组,每组30眼,分别于灌注液中加入0．1 ml、0．2 ml及0．5 ml肾上腺素,均行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶体植入手术,于术前及术后1周采用非接触型角膜内皮显微镜行角膜内皮细胞密度及六角形细胞比例检查。结果3组术前角膜内皮细胞密度及六角形细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。3组术后1周角膜内皮细胞密度分别为（2494±177;286）/mm 2,（2428±177;353）/mm 2,（2380±177;375）/mm 2,六角形细胞比例分别为（49±177;13）/mm 2,（45±177;13）/mm 2,（43±177;14）/mm 2。3组术后角膜内皮细胞密度及六角形细胞比例均较术前减少,其差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。术后3组间比较,随加入肾上腺素浓度增加,角膜内皮细胞密度及六角形细胞比例逐渐下降,但差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。结论糖尿病性白内障患者角膜内皮细胞对手术损伤及肾上腺素毒性损害的耐受性降低,在有效维持术中瞳孔散大状态的同时,选用浓度较低的肾上腺素,以减少对角膜内皮细胞的损害。     

肾上腺素联合艾司洛尔对心室颤动复苏模型家兔肺水肿的影响

目的:探讨肾上腺素联合艾司洛尔对心室颤动复苏家兔复苏早期肺水肿及心脏标志物的影响。方法:将26只清洁级家兔随机分为3组,其中20只清洁级家兔采用交流电致心室颤动建立心肺复苏模型,另6只为手术对照组(A组),仅行麻醉、手术、气管插管,不制作心肺复苏模型。模型家兔随机均分10只,分别在复苏时给予肾上腺素10μg/kg(B组)和在复苏时给予肾上腺素10μg/kg+艾司洛尔200μg/kg(C组)。测量复苏成功后5 h肺湿/干比重,比较复苏后30 min、1 h、2 h、4 h时血清肌钙蛋白(cTnI)水平及丙二醛(MDA)活性的变化。结果:A、C、B组家兔于模型复苏成功后5 h肺湿/干比重、cTnI水平和MDA活性依次升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01～P0.05)。结论:艾司洛尔可以减轻家兔心室颤动复苏后肺水肿,对复苏后早期心脏有保护作用。     

Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide in plasma samples and cardiac tissue extracts by means of an immunoradiometric assay method

Background: The mechanisms of oxygen‐induced effects on blood vessels (vasoconstriction in hyperoxaemia and vasodilatation during hypoxaemia) are uncertain. Many investigators have suggested that the vasoconstriction seen during hyperoxia/hyperoxaemia is mediated through the endothelium as a result of either increased release or activity of vasoconstrictors (oxygen radicals, endothelin, norepinephrine, angiotensin II, or serotonin (5‐HT)), or reduced activity of vasodilators (prostaglandin E₂ and nitric oxide). Serotonin has been assumed to have a central role. Methods: Eight healthy volunteers were exposed to F_iO₂ of 1.0 for 20?min and serum concentrations of serotonin and activated platelets were measured (indicated by concentrations of β‐thromboglobulin (β‐TG)). Results. During hyperoxaemia in humans, serum concentrations of serotonin and β‐TG remained unchanged. Conclusion: If serotonin is involved in oxygen‐induced vasoconstriction, the mechanism is more likely to be either a potentiating effect of serotonin on other vasoconstrictors or increased activity of serotonin on its receptor.     

精索静脉曲张患者血中儿茶酚胺浓度的变化

目的了解曲张后精索静脉血去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素及多巴胺浓度的变化，探讨儿茶酚胺在精索静脉曲张病理生理中的作用。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定30例精索静脉曲张患者精索静脉血去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素及多巴胺浓度，30例无精索静脉曲张的腹股沟斜疝患者作为对照。结果患者精索静脉血的去甲肾上腺素浓度为（597．1±274．3）pg／mL，明显高于对照组（386．2±172．6）pg／mL（P〈0．05）。肾上腺素浓度为（255．0±109．0）pg／mL，亦高于对照组（203．0±67．7）pg／mL（P〈0．05）。多巴胺浓度两组差别无统计学意义。结论精索静脉曲张患者精索静脉血中的去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素浓度异常，这可能与精索静脉曲张的病理生理有关。     

肾上腺素及地塞米松对白内障患者晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影响

为了观察肾上腺素及地塞米松对白内障患者晶状体上皮细胞 (lensepithelialcell,LEC)增殖的影响并探讨其机制 ,在行白内障超声乳化术中 ,取出中央 5～ 7mm的晶状体前囊 ,将其均分成 3等份 ,用于对照组及两实验组 ,分别培养于 10 -6mol/L的肾上腺素及地塞米松 4 8h,免疫组织化学染色后 ,采用医用多功能图像分析系统测定增殖细胞核抗原 (proliferatingcellnuclearantigen ,PCNA)阳性面积率。结果显示 ,10 -6mol/L的肾上腺素及地塞米松对LEC的增殖有明显的抑制作用 ,PCNA的阳性面积率分别为 (2 6 14± 0 92 2 ) %和(3 338± 0 838) % ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。研究表明 ,肾上腺素及地塞米松对白内障患者LEC有明显的抑制作用 ,从而可用于白内障术后防治后囊膜混浊的发生 ,为临床筛选防治后发性白内障的药物提供了科学依据。     

消渴平胶囊治疗肾上腺素性高血糖小鼠、四氧嘧啶性糖尿病家兔的实验研究

目的观察消渴平胶囊对肾上腺素性高血糖小鼠、四氧嘧啶性糖尿病家兔的治疗作用并探讨其作用机制。方法随机分为模型组、消渴丸组、消渴平高、中、低剂量组，治疗前后测定血糖：心脏采血检测生化指标。结果消渴平胶囊能明显降低肾上腺素性高血糖小鼠的血糖，增加其肝糖原含量；改善模型家兔的症状和体征，降低血糖，改善模型家兔的血液高凝状态，纠正脂代谢紊乱，增强SOD活性，降低MDA，促进胰岛B细胞分泌胰岛素。结论消渴平胶囊对糖尿病有较好的治疗作用。     

大剂量肾上腺素治疗急性心脏骤停的效果分析

目的分析大剂量肾上腺素在急性心脏骤停院前急救中的应用价值。方法将2018年1月-2019年10月院前急救处理的52例急性心脏骤停患者视为研究对象,根据其治疗方式划入常规组与大剂量组(n=26)。常规组使用常规剂量肾上腺素与阿托品治疗,大剂量组使用高剂量肾上腺素与阿托品联合治疗,比较患者的治疗效果。结果常规组患者的院前急救复苏成功率是57.69%,大剂量组患者的院前急救复苏成功率是84.62%,且常规组患者的自主循环恢复率、自主呼吸恢复率均低于大剂量组患者,差距比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。常规组患者治疗后发生8例并发症,大剂量组患者治疗后出现2例并发症(P<0.05)。结论大剂量肾上腺素在急性心脏骤停院前急救中的使用,可提升患者的复苏成功率,恢复患者的自主呼吸、循环能力,降低患者并发症发生率。     

Effect of replacement of extracellular sodium ions and of D-600 on the activation by adrenalin of adenylate cyclase in intact pigeon erythrocytes

The effect of replacement of extracellular Na⁺ by Li⁺, choline, K⁺ or sucrose on cyclic AMP formation in pigeon erythrocytes has been investigated. Replacement of extracellular Na⁺ by Li⁺, choline or sucrose but not by K⁺ inhibited the stimulation by adrenalin of cyclic AMP formation, but had no detectable effect on cyclic AMP content in the absence of adrenalin. This inhibition was observed in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca²⁺. The relative inhibition caused by Na⁺ removal decreased with increasing adrenalin concentration. It was concluded that extracellular Na⁺ or K⁺ ions were required for maximal activation of adenylate cyclase by low concentrations of adrenalin, and that this effect of monovalent cations may have been due to an effect on the affinity of the receptor for adrenalin.The verapamil derivative D-600 also inhibited the stimulation by adrenalin of cyclic AMP formation. This effect occurred in the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺ and hence seemed to be unrelated to the inhibition by D-600 of the slow Ca²⁺ channel in electrically excitable tissues.