重庆市2010年手足口病流行病学特征

目的分析重庆市2010年手足口病流行特征,为手足口病的防治提供科学依据。方法下载＂疾病监测信息报告管理系统＂疫情数据,描述病例流行病学特征,收集重庆市手足口病监测资料,分析死亡病例流行特征及实验室检测结果。结果 2010年报告病例19970例,重症42例,死亡26例,发病率为69.85/10万,死亡率为0.091/10万。4-5月为发病高峰,主城区比远郊区县高发,1～3岁组的散居儿童为高发人群。0～3岁男性散居儿童为手足口病死亡的高危人群,临床表现以高热、手足部出疹为主,伴有不同程度的神经、呼吸、循环、消化系统症状和体征。聚集性病例多发生在学校和幼托机构。荧光PCR检测阳性率为63.26%,轻症病例以柯萨奇病毒A16型为主（39.09%）,但引起死亡的均为肠道病毒71型,病毒分离率为24.30%。结论手足口病疫情的防控重点应放在及时发现重症病例,加强重症病例的临床就治,降低死亡率等方面。     

Persistent airway obstruction after virus infection is not associated with airway inflammation

BACKGROUND: This study examined the contribution of airway inflammation to the delayed lung function recovery that occurs in some people following virus-induced asthma exacerbations. METHODS: Subjects (n = 40) were recruited at hospital admission for acute asthma exacerbation. Respiratory virus infection was diagnosed by viral nucleic acid detection and/or cell culture, using induced sputum, nasal, or throat swabs. Data collected included lung function, answers to common cold and asthma control questionnaires, and induced sputum cellular profiles. Subjects were reexamined 4 to 6 weeks postexacerbation and were compared with stable asthmatic subjects (n = 26) who had been recruited from ambulatory care clinics. RESULTS: Persistent airway obstruction, defined as lung function improvement at follow-up (ie, change in FEV1 percent predicted [Delta%FEV1]) of <15%, was observed in 10 subjects (25%). Airway recovery (Delta%FEV1, > or = 15%) was observed in the remaining subjects (30 subjects; 75%). During the acute episode, the airway-recovery group had increased total cell count (p = 0.019), increased number of neutrophils (p = 0.005), and increased percentage of neutrophils (p = 0.0043) compared to the group of stable subjects with asthma. Postexacerbation, the airway-recovery group had reduced numbers of neutrophils and an increased percentage of eosinophils. In contrast, during exacerbation, subjects with persistent airway obstruction showed no differences in inflammatory cell counts compared to stable subjects with asthma, nor did cell counts change postexacerbation. Symptoms improved in both groups postexacerbation. However, in the persistent-airway-obstruction group, asthma remained uncontrolled. CONCLUSION: Persistent airway obstruction and uncontrolled asthma are observed in some people after viral asthma exacerbations. These abnormalities are not associated with inflammatory cell influx into the airway lining fluid during the exacerbation and may reflect the involvement of noncellular elements. Further work should explore other mechanisms leading to incomplete airway recovery.     

利巴韦林对肠道病毒体外抑制作用的研究

目的研究抗病毒药物利巴韦林体外抗肠道病毒（EV）的效果。方法采用细胞病变效应（CPE）法和MTT分析法,观察利巴韦林对肠道病毒（EV71、CAV16、CBV3、ECH011、EV84）的抑制作用。结果利巴韦林对Vero细胞的半数毒性浓度（TC50）为2．09mg／mL,0．2mg／mL浓度的利巴韦林对5种肠道病毒均有抑制作用,对CAV16、EV71、ECHO11、EV84、CBV3的抑制率分别为13％、27％、36％、23％、58％。对EV84、EV71病毒,利巴韦林浓度为0．1mg／mL时其抑制率为16．5％、29．5％;对CBV3病毒,利巴韦林抗病毒作用与其剂量呈正相关,半数有效浓度（IC50）为0．125mg／mL,治疗指数（TI）为16．72。结论利巴韦林在体外对肠道病毒具有抑制作用,对不同的肠道病毒其抑制效率不同,对CVB3的抑制率较高。     

120例儿童手足口病临床分析 FREE

目的探讨儿童手足口病的流行特征、临床特点及转归。方法对2008年5-9月收住院的120例手足口病患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果手足口病发病年龄以＜5岁者为主,男多于女;发病集中于5～7月份,多有与手足口病者密切接触史;发热发生率为60.83%,所有患儿均出现皮疹,分布于手、足、口、臀、躯干及肛周,皮疹消退时间为(4.59±1.36) d;患者易发生呼吸道感染、胃肠炎等并发症;重症病例4例(3.33%),经抗病毒及对症治疗,仅1例合并严重病毒性脑炎者转院,其余均达到临床治愈,住院时间为(6.36±2.53) d。48例患儿行病原学检查,肠道病毒71型阳性占12.50%,柯萨奇病毒A16型阳性占66.67%,未检出病原体者占20.83%。结论手足口病传染性强,流行强度大,多发生于5岁以下婴幼儿;对患儿早期诊治及采取隔离、消毒等有效措施,可控制传播。治疗以抗病毒为主,若无严重并发症,患儿预后良好。     

六安市手足口病1311例临床分析

目的：探讨手足口病的临床特征、流行病学特点及主要预防治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析六安市人民医院儿科2008年5月-2008年10月在手足口病防治期间共收治的手足口病患儿1311例的流行病学特点、临床表现、实验室检查及治疗效果。结果：1311例手足口患者并发神经系统损害56例,并发心肌损害466例,肝功能损害2例,并发肺炎2例。治愈1291例,好转20例,无死亡病例。结论：手足口病一般病情较轻,重症患儿多见于3岁以下婴幼儿,早期发现并给予大剂量甲强龙及丙球治疗效果良好。     

VP1-Binding Protein Glucose-regulated protein 78 as an important mediator for Enterovirus 71 infecting Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Purpose: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the main pathogens causing hand, foot and mouth disease, which could even induce severe brain damage in some patients. As the underlying mechanism of the invasion and replication process still remains largely unknown, we investigated the role of candidate proteins expressed during EV71 invasion in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) to delineate the pathophysiological mechanism of EV-71 infection. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one candidate EV71-associated proteins which could bind the major capsid protein (viral protein 1 [VP1]) of EV71 on the HBMEC were identified by applying an analysis of glutathione-S-transferase pull-down coupling with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Seventy-eight kDa glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) binding to the VP1 protein was further validated by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. To explore the role of GRP78 in EV71 infection, GRP78 was knocked down and overexpressed in HBMEC and was verified by TCID50 assay. Results: LC-ESI-MS/MS-identified 91 proteins were subjected to gene ontology analysis, and on molecular and biological function analysis revealed GRP78 act as an important binding protein in mediating EV71 infection. In addition, immunofluorescence demonstrated the co-localisation of GRP78 and VP1 in cytoplasm of the infected HBMEC. The TCID50 assay showed that knockdown of GRP78 could attenuate the replication capacity of EV71 in HBMEC, and the overexpression could increase the virus titre in HBEMC at 24 h post-infection suggesting that GRP78 was associated with the replication capacity of EV71 in HBMEC. Conclusion: These findings provided evidence that GRP78 plays an important role during the progression of EV71 infection as a mediator in HBMEC.     

Viral infection in placenta relevant cells – a morphological and immunohistochemical cell culture study

Viral infections in pregnancy are known to cause fetal malformation, growth restriction, and even fetal death. Macroscopic placental examination usually shows slight and unspecific changes. Histology may show secondary, non‐specific tissue reaction, i.e. villitis with lymphocytic invasion. Primary specific morphology characteristics are known for some virus, like cytomegalovirus, parvovirus, and herpes simplex, however many viral infections show non‐specific changes. Placenta relevant cells as human first trimester trophoblasts HTR8/SVneo, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and primary human embryonic fibroblasts were examined following infection with commonly occurring virus like adenovirus and enterovirus. Morphology in routine stained sections and virus‐specific immunostains were studied 4, 8, 24, 48, 72 h after infection. Nuclear enlargement was seen in the infected cells. A specific diagnosis of adenovirus or enterovirus infection, however, was not possible without specific immunostains.