Tarlov or perineural cysts (TC) are commonly overlooked as a cause of sacral and ischial pain, and urogenital and bowel problems. TC can be seen on MRI, but are often considered asymptomatic. This is especially true for smaller cysts. Moreover, there are only few diagnostic characteristics that can be used to confirm that the cysts are the cause of the symptoms. As a consequence, a lot of controversy remains regarding the clinical importance of TC. Because of this underdiagnosed condition, patients often suffer for several years from unrecognized chronic neuropathic pain and neurological conditions. In this article, case reports of three patients with giant and smaller symptomatic sacral cysts are presented, in which electromyographic testing was performed to demonstrate nerve damage. We suggest that electromyography of the sacral nerve roots can be a reasonable tool for the diagnosis of symptomatic TC, as well as for the differentiation from other pathological entities causing sacral and ischial pain. Moreover, using electromyography it was also documented that smaller cysts of < 1 cm can cause nerve damage. Therefore incidence of symptomatic TC may be higher than initially thought. 相似文献
Background: Although it has been commonly used in rehabilitation sets, there is a lack of studies verifying the effects of Kinesio taping to improve functionality in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). This information would promote evidence-based practice.
Purpose: To verify the effects of Kinesio taping in the performance of sit-to-stand movement in children with unilateral CP.
Methods and materials: A blinded, single placebo-controlled and repeated-measure design. The setting was the rehabilitation clinic of the university and care facilities. A total of 11 children from 6 to 12 years of age (mean: 10.5 years; standard deviation: 2.8 years) and classified as levels I and II by the Gross Motor Function Classification System were included. Kinesio taping was applied over the rectus femoris of the affected limb. Three taping conditions were used: Kinesio taping, without Kinesio taping and placebo. Three seat heights were used: neutral (100%), lowered (80%), and elevated (120%). Muscle activity (electromyography) and trunk and lower limb alignment (kinematics) were evaluated as body structures and function measures. The time required to perform sit-to-stand was used as a functionality measure. Mixed analysis of variation (ANOVA) measured angular variables of the hip, knee, ankle, and rectus femoris activity. Repeated ANOVA measured angular variables of trunk and pelvis and total duration. Significance was accepted for values of p?≤?0.05.
Results: Kinesio taping increased rectus femoris activity, decreased peak flexion of the trunk, knee, hip, and ankle, and increased trunk extension in the end of sit-to-stand when compared with without Kinesio taping and placebo. Total duration was decreased with lower effect sizes.
Conclusions: Immediate application of Kinesio taping modified body structures and function measures during sit-to-stand in children with unilateral CP, but it did not alter functionality.
Implications for Rehabilitation
Evidence-based practice about the use of Kinesio taping in Cerebral Palsy.
Knowledge about alternative rehabilitation techniques in Cerebral Palsy.
Knowledge about sensory stimulation in Cerebral Palsy.
Effectiveness of Kinesio taping in muscle activation.