肘管综合征的神经-肌电图检测

目的：探讨肘管综合征的临床及肌电图诊断方法。方法：为35例临床拟诊肘管综合征患者进行尺神经分段测定运动和感觉传导速度及尺神经支配肌肌电图。结果：35例35条尺神经，肘段减慢33条，未引出2条，其中运动传导速度前臂段减慢18例；感觉传导速度表现为指5－腕感觉神经动作电位波幅消失18例，腕－肘消失19例，感觉神经动作电位波幅比健侧不同程度衰减16例。肌电图表现为第I背侧骨间肌、小指展肌不同程度异常。结论：电生理检查不仅可证实诊断，还能较准确地定位卡压的水平，判断神经受损的严重性。结论：因此分段测定尺神经运动传导速度是诊断肘管综合征的重要方法。     

Completed FDA feasibility trial of surgically placed temporary diaphragm pacing electrodes: A promising option to prevent and treat respiratory failure

Background

Etiologies contributing to failure to wean from mechanical ventilation (MV) are multiple, resulting in morbid and costly outcomes. Diaphragm pacing (DP) is used in spinal cord injury to replace MV. Temporary DP could be utilized in acute respiratory failure to reduce MV.

Hand rest and wrist support are effective in preventing fatigue during prolonged typing

Study Design

Case series (longitudinal).

单纤维肌电图对糖尿病周围神经病的诊断价值(英文)

目的探讨单纤维肌电图(SFEMG)在糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)中的应用。方法2型糖尿病患者36例,采用VikingIV肌电图仪,测定指总伸肌的颤抖和纤维密度(FD),同时进行常规神经传导检测(NCS)并测量空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)。结果颤抖和FD具有相关性,且均与HbA1c呈正相关。18例NCS异常者,颤抖值均超出正常范围(11例伴阻滞),14例FD增加;18例NCS正常者,7例颤抖值增大(3例伴阻滞),5例FD增加。结论颤抖和FD所反映的失神经-神经再支配与代谢状况相关联;SFEMG是DPN早期诊断的敏感手段,可发现亚临床神经病。     

楼梯行走足底压力与表面肌电参数研究

目的探究上下楼梯时的足底压力和表面肌电参数,为动力式助行器足部结构设计、动力元件选型和安装位置分布提供理论支撑。方法招募10名健康男性青年进行楼梯行走,利用运动捕捉系统、足底压力系统和表面肌电系统采集足底压力的峰值压强、压力中心轨迹(COP轨迹)和各块下肢肌肉的肌电参数。结果与平地行走相比,楼梯行走时站立相时间占整个步态周期的百分比增大;上楼时前足部分峰值压强增大,下楼时足趾区域的峰值压强减小;楼梯行走时,股直肌、股二头肌、内外侧腓肠肌对人体稳定性起主要作用。结论在设计动力式助行器足部结构时应充分考虑足底压力的分布情况,选择动力式助行器动力元件的安装位置和型号时应考虑主要肌肉的作用。     

基于表面肌电图检查技术的脑卒中患者下肢肌肉痉挛的定量分析

目的探讨脑卒中偏瘫患者股四头肌表面肌电图（sEMG)信号和改良Ashworth分级（MAS）之间的相关性,研究表面肌电图指标是否可作为评估痉挛的量化指标。 方法选择符合标准的脑卒中患者60例,由同一测试人员对脑卒中偏瘫患者患侧股四头肌进行MAS评估,并记录股四头肌被动牵伸时股四头肌内侧头（VM)、股直肌(RF)、股四头肌外侧头(VL)处表面肌电信号的均方根值（RMS）值和平均肌电值（AEMG）值,对不同表面肌电图指标与MAS进行相关性分析。 结果被动牵伸股四头肌时,VM、RF、VL的表面肌电信号都与MAS分级呈正相关;经Spearman相关统计分析,被动活动时,VM（r=0.751）、VL（r=0.563）、RF（r=0.800）的均方根值（RMS）均与MAS相关（P<0.001）;VM（r=0.767）、VL（r=0.646）、RF（r=0.834）的平均肌电值（AEMG）均与MAS相关（P<0.001）。 结论脑卒中偏瘫患者被动牵伸股四头肌(VM、VL、RF) 时,表面肌电信号的RMS指标及AEMG指标与MAS分级呈正相关;sEMG检查股四头肌被动牵伸时的幅度指标可为临床肌张力评估和痉挛的治疗提供量化的参考。     

慢性腰痛患者表面肌电图临床特征及数据分析

目的:分析慢性腰痛住院患者治疗前的表面肌电图临床特征及数据,进一步阐明表面肌电生物反馈在慢性腰痛诊疗过程中的临床意义。方法:本研究回顾性分析401例慢性腰痛患者的表面肌电图相关信息,比较了腰痛发病部位与相关肌肉肌电的关系,以及腰背后伸、下肢后伸、足部背屈过程中肌肉肌电变化情况。结果:401例慢性腰痛患者接受了表面肌电图检查,年龄16—85岁,平均(51.78±13.69)岁,主要集中在51—60岁阶段。男性160例(39.90%),女性241例(60.10%),男女性别比为0.66∶1。双侧发病162例(40.40%),单侧发病239例(59.60%),其中右侧发病120例(29.93%),左侧发病119例(29.68%)。单侧发病慢性腰痛患者疼痛侧臀中肌与臀大肌的肌电平均振幅值均低于非疼痛侧,差异有显著性意义(P0.05或P0.01)。而慢性腰痛患者腰背后伸、下肢后伸、足部背屈过程中,非疼痛侧和疼痛侧竖脊肌腰段、多裂肌、股二头肌、胫骨前肌与腓骨肌的肌电平均振幅值无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:51—60岁是慢性腰痛的高发年龄,此后随着年龄增加,腰痛发病有趋缓现象;在慢性腰痛的诊疗过程中患者的主观感觉只是指导临床工作的一部分,表面肌电水平更能客观地反映患者的肌肉功能,慢性腰痛患者存在特有的表面肌电图特征。     

头针结合康复训练治疗脑梗死恢复期患者的疗效研究

目的:探讨不同头针结合常规康复训练对脑梗死恢复期患者的临床疗效研究。方法:将40例脑梗死恢复期患者随机分为4组,每组各10例,A组采用于氏双侧头针结合康复训练,B组采用传统焦氏单患侧头针结合康复训练,C组采用于氏单患侧头针结合康复训练,D组采用单纯康复训练。在干预15d前后利用Fugl-Meyer评分量表(FMA)及表面肌电仪进行疗效评估。结果:FMA评分组间比较,治疗后A组优于B组和C组(P0.05);A组优于D组(P0.01);4组患肢胫前肌与腓肠肌表面肌电图均方根值(RMS)均较治疗前有所升高(P0.05)。治疗后组间比较,A组均优于其他3组(P0.05),差异具有显著性意义;B组与C组均优于D组(P0.05),差异具有显著性意义。结论:于氏双侧头针结合常规康复训练可改善脑梗死患者的胫前肌及腓肠肌肌力,进而改善踝背屈功能,其疗效优于其他3组,值得临床运用和推广。     

Activity of superior head of human lateral pterygoid increases with increases in contralateral and protrusive jaw displacement

The hypothesis was that the superior head of human lateral pterygoid muscle (SHLP) plays a similar role in jaw movement as the inferior head of human lateral pterygoid muscle (IHLP). The aims were to determine the functional properties of SHLP single motor units (SMUs) and root mean square activity (RMS) of the SHLP during contralateral and protrusive jaw movement tasks and to compare these features with those identified previously for the IHLP. In 22 human subjects, SMUs were recorded intramuscularly from computer tomography-verified sites within the SHLP during standardized contralateral and protrusive jaw movement tasks recorded by a jaw-tracking device. Of the 50 SMUs discriminated, 39 were active during contralateral and 29 during protrusive jaw movements. The firing rates and RMS of the SHLP motor units increased with an increase in jaw displacement. The RMS activity across the entire trial during contralateral jaw movement was significantly greater than that during protrusion. Similarly to conclusions previously identified for the IHLP, the data are consistent with an important role for the SHLP in the control of contralateral and protrusive jaw movements. The similarities in SHLP and IHLP functional properties support the proposal that both heads should be regarded as a system of fibers acting as one muscle.