A clinical comparison of 2 electric toothbrush designs

Abstract A single blind 30 day study compared the reduction of plaque and gingivitis for the Hapika® Powerbrush to the Interplak® ultra 10 tuft. A longitudinal parallel group design was utilized and screening evaluation was performed to determine patient eligibility prior to study enrollment. 66 subjects were entered into the study and assigned to 1 of 2 groups, each using one of the toothbrushes. At baseline, subjects received an oral soft tissue exam, a dental hard tissue exam, and were scored by the Lobene modification of the Löe and Silness gingival index (GI). Plaque was then disclosed and scored both pre and post brushing using the modified Turesky plaque/debris examination and an interproximal bleeding examination was performed post-brushing. On days 15 and 30, after an oral soft tissue and GI examination, plaque was graded by the Modified Turesky plaque/debris exam. Subjects then brushed and were graded by the Modified Turesky plaque/debris examination and an interproximal bleeding index examination. The results showed that both brushes provided a similar change in clinical indices. All produced a statistically significant reduction from baseline to day 30 for the gingival index (26.5-29.1%), the bleeding index (13.8-24.1%), and the plaque index (16.9-19.4%), A comparison of pre and post brushing scores for the plaque index at 30 showed that both brushes reduced plaque similarly with a statistically significant reduction (P<0.05) from their pre-brushing plaque index scores at all time periods.     

The Effect of Aging on Erectile Function Induced by Apomorphine and Electric Field Stimulation to Rat

Population aging has become a world wide tendency and according to the UNproject,the proportion of population above60 years old would exceed the proportionof children below1 5years old by2 0 50 .Erectile dysfunction(ED) seriously affectsthe quality of lif…     

腕部电烧伤肢体远端继发性坏死原因分型及治疗

１９８５年１月至１９９４年５月，我科共收治腕部电烧伤５４例、共７８个腕部受损。其中肢体远端原发性坏死者２５例，肢体远端继发性坏死及有继发性坏死倾向者１６例，占腕部电烧伤２０．５％（１６／７８）。继发性坏死者８例，有继发性坏死倾向经积极抢救治疗保住肢体者８例。在临床实践中，我们观察到腕部电烧伤远端肢体继发性坏死可分为三种类型：供血不足型，以动脉阻塞为主；血液瘀滞型，以静脉阻塞为主；血液粘滞度升高型，表现为微血管阻塞。并针对三种类型采用扩血管药物和抗血小板药物等不同预防治疗方法，临床上降低了截肢率，取得较为满意的效果。     

方剑乔教授针药结合治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床思辨特色与治疗经验

[目的] 介绍方剑乔教授针药结合治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床思辨特色及其临证经验。[方法] 通过整理、回顾、分析方教授治疗类风湿性关节炎的相关文献及医案,从中医病因病机和治则治法等方面,总结归纳方教授治疗类风湿性关节炎的学术经验,并列举医案一则予以佐证。[结果] 临床思辨上,方教授认为“痰、瘀、虚交错”为该病的基本病机,治疗宜针药结合,主要起到同效相须、异效互补和反效制约的作用。临证治疗上,方教授强调,针刺宜整体治疗与局部穴位兼顾,须重视经络辨证。合理应用电针,疼痛急性发作期电针频率多选择“先高后低”,先100 Hz/10～15 min,后2 Hz/30 min;慢性疼痛期电针治疗多选择疏密波(2/100 Hz)。用药强调精准辨证,在该病四种基本证型的基础上提出了阴虚湿热兼证的概念,确立了滋阴清热、通络止痛的治疗大法。倡导适时采用经皮穴位电刺激治疗,其操作简单,携带方便,在镇痛方面具有明显的优势。所举病案采用西药甲氨蝶呤片抑制免疫,稳定病情;中药以祛风除湿为主,佐以藤类药通络行窜、祛风止痛;电针治疗选择频率为2/100 Hz的疏密波调和气血、通络止痛。经治疗后,患者症状缓解,相关指标趋于正常。[结论] 方剑乔教授根据本病的病因病机及临床特点进行辨证论治,针药并重,中西医取长补短,临床特色鲜明,治疗效果显著,值得临床借鉴和推广。     

Binding of botulinum neurotoxin to pure cholinergic nerve terminals isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo

Summary Torpedo electric organ has been used to study the binding of botulinum neurotoxin type A to pure cholinergic synaptosomes and presynaptic plasma membrane.¹²⁵I-labeled botulinum neurotoxin type A exhibits specific binding to cholinergic fractions. Two binding sites have been determined according to data analysis: a high affinity binding site (synaptosomes: K_d=0.11±0.03 nM, B_max=50±10 fmol · mg prot^–1; presynaptic plasma membrane: K_d=0.2±0.05 nM, B_max=150±15 fmol · mg prot^–1) and a low affinity binding site (synaptosomes: K_d 26 nM, B_max 7.5 pmol · mg prot^–1; presynaptic plasma membrane: K_d 30 nM, B_max 52 pmol · mg prot^–1). The binding of¹²⁵I-botulinum neurotoxin type A is decreased by previous treatment of synaptosomes by neuraminidase and trypsin, and by a preincubation with bovine brain gangliosides or antiserum raised against Torpedo presynaptic plasma membrane. When presynaptic plasma membranes are blotted to nitrocellulose sheet, either¹²⁵I-botulinum neurotoxin or botulinum toxin-gold complexes bind to a M_r 140,000 protein. Botulinum toxin-gold complexes have also been used to study the toxin internalization process into Torpedo synaptosomes. The images fit the three step sequence model in the pathway of botulinum neurotoxin poisoning.     

恶性肿瘤病人的耳廓视诊、电探测、染色的变化

采用耳廓视诊、耳廓电探测、耳廓染色三种手段,对116例恶性肿瘤病人、120例良性疾病病人和115例健康人进行对照检查证明：恶性肿瘤病人在耳廓上的相应部位软骨增生,耳轮色素沉着,Y_2软骨增生,耳廓上代表癌区的部位及肿瘤在耳廓上的相应部位电流增大;染色时,耳轮、Y_1～Y_7（注）及耳廓相应部位着色。而一般疾病组除耳廓相应部位电流增大,染色着色及充血、血疹外,耳廓上癌区基本上无阳性反应。健康人组通过三种手段检查,基本上无阳性反应。经统计学处理有极显著差异（P＜0．01）。双盲法验证,准确率达92.65％。     

陡脉冲电场对荷瘤BALB/c小鼠癌细胞杀伤效应的实验研究

观测陡脉冲电场对荷瘤BALB/c小鼠癌细胞的杀伤效应。处理后的癌细胞在光镜下表现为细胞核固缩、核碎裂、核溶解;在电镜下表现为异染色质增加,边集,呈团块样改变,细胞质肿胀,脂滴数量增加,质膜破裂;核固缩,碎裂,线粒体肿胀。实验揭示了陡脉冲电场能有效地杀伤癌细胞,明显抑制了荷瘤小鼠恶性肿瘤的生长、增殖,有着良好的应用前景。     

Source Localization of P300 from Oddball, Single Stimulus, and Omitted-Stimulus Paradigms

Three different auditory stimulus paradigms were used to elicit P300 potentials. Normal subjects were tested on the classical rare target stimulus, single-stimulus and omitted-stimulus conditions. Noninvasive identification of the cerebral sources of the event-related potentials (ERPs) was performed using spatio-temporal multiple dipole modeling (BESA software) with individually sized spherical head models. The grand average data of each condition was first independently modeled and these models were used as starting values for modeling each individual subject's data. Models for the rare-stimulus condition and single-stimulus condition both consisted of 6 dipoles. Models for the omitted-stimulus condition consisted of 2 dipoles. The dipole locations of the final individual 6-dipole models for the rare and single-stimulus conditions did not differ significantly from each other or from one previous result obtained from a another group of subjects (Tarkka et al. 1995). Super-imposition of the dipole coordinates on the sterotaxic brain atlas suggests that bilateral deep medial temporal lobe structures are the major contributors to rare and single-stimulus P300s. Because both the wave form morphology and the source model of the P300 elicited by single stimulus were close to those of the rare-stimulus P300 it may be that the underlying neural mechanisms eliciting these P300 potentials are essentially the same.     

长时程脑电监测对评估HIE预后的价值

目的:探讨脑电图(EEG)长时程监测对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)预后的临床价值。方法:对在我院高危儿室住院的52例HIE的患儿进行12～24 h的EEG监测,将其脑电信息储存,采用(日)福山幸夫"新生儿异常EEG"诊断标准进行回放分析。并随访35例患儿,对预后进行评估。结果:52例患儿中,35例表现为不同程度的背景脑电活动降低,异常率占67%,且临床为中、重型HIE患儿的EEG异常率(100%),明显高于轻型HIE患儿的异常率(39%)(P<0.01)。EEG表现为中、高度背景脑电活动降低者,留有后遗症的几率(8/24,33%)高于轻型EEG背景活动降低者的几率(2/28,7%)(P<0.05)。在出生>1周后的新生儿。EEG仍表现为中、高度背景脑电活动降低的患儿,留有癫癎、脑瘫的几率(11例均有后遗症)明显高于出生后1周内背景脑电活动降低患儿的几率(4/13,31%) (P<0.01)。结论:EEG表现为轻度背景脑电活动降低者,预后良好,中度背景脑电活动降低者预后不良,高度背景脑电活动降低者预后极差。因此长时程脑电监测对新生儿HIE诊断及预后的评估具有重要意义。     

Mormyrid鱼电感受叶神经元的形态与电生理学特征

Ｍｏｒｍｙｒｉｄ鱼电感受叶神经元的形态与电生理学特征韩中胜（ＨａｎＺｈｏｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ）（ＬｅｇａｃｙＧｏｏｄＳａｍａｒｉｔａｎ，ＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌａｎｄＭｅｄｉｃａｌＣｅｎｔｅｒ，ＲｏｂｅｒｔＳ．Ｄｏｗ，ＮｅｕｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓＩｎｓ...