Transfer of 45Ca and 36Cl at the blood-nerve barrier of the sciatic nerve in rats fed low or high calcium diets

Unidirectional fluxes of 45Ca, 36Cl, and of [3H]mannitol from blood into the sciatic nerve and cerebral cortex were determined from 5- and 15-min uptakes of these tracers after an intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection in awake rats. Rats were fed diets for 8 wk, that had either a low (0.01% wt/wt), normal (0.67%), or high (3%) Ca content. Plasma [Ca] was 32% less and 11% more in rats fed low (LOCA) and high Ca diets (HICA), respectively, than in rats fed a normal Ca diet (CONT). The mean permeability-surface area product (PA) of 45Ca at the blood-nerve barrier was about eightfold higher than at the blood-brain barrier in the same animals and did not differ significantly between groups (greater than 0.05). Mean PA ratios of 45Ca/36Cl for the blood-nerve and blood-brain barriers in CONT rats, 0.52 +/- 0.04 and 0.40 +/- 0.02, respectively, were not significantly different from corresponding ratios in LOCA and HICA groups, and corresponded to the aqueous limiting diffusion ratio (0.45). Our results show no evidence for concentration-dependent transport of Ca over a plasma [Ca] range of 0.8-1.4 mmol/liter at the blood-nerve barrier of the rat peripheral nerve, and suggest that Ca and Cl exchange slowly between nerve and blood via paracellular pathways.     

芦沙坦对轻、中度高血压病患者血小板活化和肾功能的影响

目的 :研究芦沙坦对轻、中度高血压病患者血小板活化和肾功能的影响 ,并探讨血小板活化和高血压性肾损害的关系。方法 :6 0例轻、中度高血压病患者随机分为两组 ,分别接受芦沙坦、氨氯地平治疗 3个月。治疗前后检测尿蛋白排泄率 (UAER)、血浆α颗粒膜蛋白 (GMP 14 0 )、血尿素氮 (BUN)、血肌酐 (Bcr)和肌酐清除率 (CCR)。结果 :①治疗后两组患者血压均明显下降 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,GMP 14 0和UAER均显著降低 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,BUN ,Bcr,CCR无明显变化 ;②两组患者治疗前、治疗后UAER与GMP 14 0呈显著正相关 (r分别为 0 6 9和 0 4 8) ,与血压下降无显著相关。结论 :①芦沙坦、氨氯地平能有效地控制轻、中度高血压病患者血压 ,减轻早期高血压性肾损害 ;②推测该药可能通过抑制血小板活化而对肾功能产生保护作用     

静脉输液加药后的微粒变化

本文对我院急诊病人常用的供静脉给药的22种药物、42组配伍情况,制成静脉加药输液,在超净工作台条件下,用KF—4型微粒计数器,测定了168次微粒数,结果显示输液加药后微粒虽有增加,但均在药典规定范围内。输液中加1种、2种、3种药物后所产生的微粒数分别为x_1=5.52(n_1=16);x_2=8.17(n_2=18)、x_3=10.25(n_3=8),经统计处理,三组间无显著差异(P<0.05)。本文对产生微粒的药物、注射器、操作环境等因素进行了分析。     

TAD方案治疗急性非淋巴细胞白血病疗效的评价

采用 TAD 方案治疗急性非淋巴细胞性白血病(ANLL)12例,年龄17～47岁。总有效率为66.7%,完全缓解率(CR)为41.7%。5例获 CR 的时间是26～66天,平均53天,较国内其它方案为快。CR 时间为2～9月,平均6.2月,较其它方案又较短。TAD 方案对心脏的毒性作用轻微。TAD 方案对5例获 CR 者,于诱导治疗第一疗程后,除1例外,骨髓中白血病细胞百分比下降均不明显;但于第二疗程后,白血病细胞全部减少到骨髓有核细胞总数的20%/以下,这种现象似可作为本方案预后的观察指标。     

重症脑出血微创术后下呼吸道感染病原学分析

目的:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人痰培养病原菌分布与耐药情况分析,其院内感染发生的原因、探讨防治对策。方法:应用痰培养检出的病原菌及耐药性分析。结果:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人下呼吸道感染41例,其中G-杆菌26例占63.4%,G 球菌15例占36.6%,其中金葡菌11例,药敏仍以敏感菌株为主,但耐药菌株有增多趋势。结论:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人下呼吸道感染以G-杆菌为主,G 球菌以金葡菌为主,仍以敏感菌珠为主,耐药有增多趋势。万古霉素对G 球菌,氨曲南对G-杆菌敏感性较敏感,故在培养结果未出来之前经验用药是非常重要的。     

A case of acute hepatitis E associated with multidrug hypersensitivity and cytomegalovirus reactivation

A 65-year-old Japanese man was hospitalized because of acute hepatitis and severe cholestasis due to hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection combined with a drug reaction to a cold preparation. He died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe intestinal bleeding due to systemic cytomegalovirus reactivation following the development of severe eruptions with marked eosinophilia due to drug hypersensitivity to taurine and ursodeoxycholate preparations. The close interaction between viral infection or reactivation and drug hypersensitivity was considered as a pathophysiology in this case, which emphasizes the need for further study of the immunological mechanism of the interaction.     

久泻宁动物毒性试验研究

目的 （1）观察久泻宁一日内小鼠灌胃1～3次后的毒性反应和死亡情况，测定最大耐受量；（2）观察久泻宁给大鼠连续灌胃3个月，对机体产生的毒性反应、严重程度及可逆性，确定无毒剂量。为人拟用量提供参考。方法 （1）久泻宁小鼠灌胃，一日2～3次，观察急性毒性反应．测定最大耐受量；（2）久泻宁高、中、低三个剂量组和一个对照组，大鼠连续灌胃3个月，观察外观行为和体质量变化。试验期结束。每组取1/2动物活杀。检测血常规、血液生化、病理组织；1／2动物停药进行3周的恢复期观察后。同法检测上述指标。结果 久泻宁小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受药量为750g／kg（含生药）。相当临床日拟用量（2．5g／kg）的300倍；大鼠连续3个月灌胃给药的无毒剂量为125g／kg（含生药）．相当临床拟用量50倍。结论 久泻宁无明显毒性，安全范围大。临床日拟用量2.5g／kg、疗程1个月是安全的。