Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator knockout mice exhibit aberrant gastrointestinal microbiota

The composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome is increasingly recognized as a crucial contributor to immune and metabolic homeostasis—deficiencies in which are characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The murine model (CFTR^−/−, CF), has, in previous studies, demonstrated characteristic CF gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations including slowed transit and significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation. To determine if characteristics of the microbiome are associated with these phenotypes we used a phylogenetic microarray to compare small intestine bacterial communities of wild type and congenic CF mice. Loss of functional CFTR is associated with significant decreases in GI bacterial community richness, evenness and diversity and reduced relative abundance of putative protective species such as Acinetobacter lwoffii and a multitude of Lactobacilliales members. CF mice exhibited significant enrichment of Mycobacteria species and Bacteroides fragilis, previously associated with GI infection and immunomodulation. Antibiotic administration to WT and CF animals resulted in convergence of their microbiome composition and significant increases in community diversity in CF mice. These communities were characterized by enrichment of members of the Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae and reduced abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridiaceae. These data suggest that Enterobacteria and Clostridia species, long associated with small intestinal overgrowth and inflammatory bowel disease, may suppress both ileal bacterial diversity and the particular species which maintain motility and immune homeostasis in this niche. Thus, these data provide the first indications that GI bacterial colonization is strongly impacted by the loss of functional CFTR and opens up avenues for alternative therapeutic approaches to improve CF disease management.     

Phylogeographic Diversity of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Hantaviruses in Slovenia

Slovenia is a very diverse country from a natural geography point of view, with many different habitats within a relatively small area, in addition to major geological and climatic differences. It is therefore not surprising that several small mammal species have been confirmed to harbour hantaviruses: A. flavicollis (Dobrava virus), A. agrarius (Dobrava virus–Kurkino), M. glareolus (Puumala virus), S. areanus (Seewis virus), M. agrestis, M. arvalis and M. subterraneus (Tula virus). Three of the viruses, namely the Dobrava, Dobrava–Kurkino and Puumala viruses, cause disease in humans, with significant differences in the severity of symptoms. Due to changes in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome cases (HFRS) epidemiology, a detailed study on phylogenetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of pathogenic and non-pathogenic hantaviruses circulating in ecologically diverse endemic regions was performed. The study presents one of the largest collections of hantavirus L, M and S sequences obtained from hosts and patients within a single country. Several genetic lineages were determined for each hantavirus species, with higher diversity among non-pathogenic compared to pathogenic viruses. For pathogenic hantaviruses, a significant geographic clustering of human- and rodent-derived sequences was confirmed. Several geographic and ecological factors were recognized as influencing and limiting the formation of endemic areas.     

Redefining Residential: Ensuring Competent Residential Interventions for Youth with Diverse Gender and Sexual Identities and Expressions

ABSTRACT

ACRC recognizes that all children and adolescents are complex human beings, who may bring to their care with the residential treatment centers many forms of diversity, including diversity of sexual orientation (SO) and gender identity (GI). It is incumbent upon residential treatment centers to ensure that these diversity issues are treated with linguistic and cultural competence in all aspects of these client's treatment from admission through discharge planning. Crucial to delivering high-quality care requires focusing on the intentional creation of safe space, staff training, affirming policies and procedures, and increasing family acceptance.     

党参微卫星引物筛选及群体遗传多样性研究

目的 利用筛选的党参多态性微卫星引物进行党参群体遗传多样性研究。方法 利用磁珠富集法分离党参核基因组微卫星引物,并选取党参4个野生居群48个样品进行遗传多样性分析。结果 筛选出了10个能成功扩增党参样品的微卫星引物;这些引物扩增产物的等位基因数目为5～14个,观察杂合度范围为0.446～0.833,期望杂合度范围为0.697～0.895;使用4个党参近缘物种（轮叶党参、球花党参、鸡蛋参和长叶党参）进行引物通用性检测,发现有5对引物（Cpi01、Cpi04、Cpi06、Cpi07和Cpi08）能同时在4个物种中成功扩增。结论 筛选出的多态性微卫星引物能用于党参的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构研究,同时也能够用于党参属其他近缘物种的群体遗传学研究。     

浅谈化学合成实验室暖通设计

在提供安全、舒适的工作环境,减少实验室工作人员暴露在危险环境下的可能和保证实验室仪器设备处于良好工作状态的前提条件下,阐述了化学合成实验室在设计中考虑的各种因素、实验室工作人员身体健康和劳动保护以及节能减排措施。     

Occupational therapists' experience of working with immigrant clients in mental health care

Abstract

Sweden's cultural diversity generates considerable challenges for occupational therapists. The aim of this study was to explore experiences and perceptions of occupational therapists working with immigrant psychiatric clients from the Middle East region. The study included interviews with eight occupational therapists employed in mental health care and working in a variety of settings. The data collection and analysis were carried out in accordance with the grounded theory approach. One core category, “the challenges of the multicultural therapeutic journey—a journey on a winding road” was identified. The core category included three categories: dilemmas in clinical practice, feelings and thoughts, and building cultural bridges, in turn comprising sub-categories and components. The results showed that the many dilemmas influencing effective multicultural occupational therapy were cultural, societal, and professional in nature. The dilemmas influenced feelings and thoughts, in turn influencing both motivation for seeking cultural knowledge and choice of adequate strategies in which the multicultural therapeutic relationship could develop. The results imply that culturally congruent occupational therapy practice needs to be further developed and more research is needed on how cultural issues can be met in occupational therapy practice.     

From Butter Tea to Pepsi®: A Rapid Appraisal of Food Preferences,Procurement Sources & Dietary Diversity in a Contemporary Tibetan Township

Modernization in developing regions affects local diets and nutrition. Using qualitative rapid appraisal methods, we examined the effect of dietary delocalization on food preferences and procurement sources and dietary diversity in rural Tibet. The diets of Tibetans are being both positively and negatively influenced as the region modernizes. For example, greenhouses and chicken rearing represent local adaptations which could improve micronutrient consumption. At the same time, the recent introduction of calorie-rich, nutrient-poor commoditized foods could insult nutrition but are increasingly popular among children. Multimodal public health interventions can minimize harmful and maximize beneficial effects of the nutrition transition in Tibet.     

Physico-chemical properties of sobia: A traditional fermented beverage in western province of Saudi Arabia

Sobia samples (14 samples) were collected from Makkah Al-Mukarrmah (Western province) and from Riyadh (Central province). Chemical (moisture, protein, fat, ash carbohydrate, energy, sugars, and ethanol) and physical (total soluble solids, total solids, viscosity, density, refractive index (RI), and specific gravity) properties of the sobia samples were studied. The moisture, protein, ash carbohydrate, and energy contents were found to be in the range of 82.33% to 89.23%, 0.26% to 0.63%, 0.023% to 0.106%, 9.95% to 17.22%, and 41.25 kcal to 70.54 kcal, respectively, and no fat was detected. Glucose and fructose were present in all samples except sample 3. Samples 1 to 10 contained sucrose in the range of 53.93 to 130.89 g/l, while samples 11 to 14 had no sucrose. Only four samples (1, 2, 9, and 10) contained maltose. The ethanol content in fresh samples ranged from 0.00 to 1.00 g/l, and after a week of storage at refrigerator temperature (3-5 C) ethanol content increased in all samples with samples 5 and 6 having the highest ethanol content of 4.24 and 4.54 g/l, respectively. Total soluble solids (Brix ), total solids (%), viscosity (cP), density, RI, and specific gravity values of sobia were found to be in the range of 6.83 to 15.10, 7.60 to 15.40, 1.47 to 4.39, 1.033 to 1.063, 1.3429 to 1.3559, and 1.0303 to 1.0600, respectively.     

Food Variety and Dietary Diversity as Indicators of the Dietary Adequacy and Health Status of an Elderly Population in Sharpeville,South Africa

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional, analytical study was a comprehensive health assessment focusing on dietary quality of 170 randomly selected elderly respondents in Sharpeville, South Africa. The methods included a sociodemographic, health food frequency questionnaire, 24 h-recall questionnaires, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The low mean±standard deviation (SD) dietary diversity score (3.41±1.34) and food variety score (4.77±2.2) compared with poverty parameters confirmed household food insecurity in this community. Although three (n = 99, 58.6%) or two (n = 49, 28.9%) daily meals were mostly consumed, these were mainly carbohydrate-based and nutrient-deficient. The cereal group (2.01±0.81) had the highest mean food variety score ±SD, followed by dairy (0.62±0.53) and flesh foods (0.40±0.53). When a mean adequacy ratio of 70% was used as a cut-off point for nutrient adequacy, it was found that the food variety score must be eight or higher and the dietary variety score must be at least six. These indicators thus have a high ability to identify those respondents with an inadequate diet but lower ability to identify those respondents with a nutritionally adequate diet. The data further showed a trend that with a higher food variety and dietary diversity, a better mean adequacy ratio is reached for this low-income group of elderly subjects. In conclusion, the results showed that food variety and dietary diversity scores give a fairly good assessment of the adequacy of the diet, and scoring dietary diversity is a significant, yet simple tool to identify elderly persons at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.     

梅毒125例临床分析

目的 了解梅毒多变的临床特点,进一步认识该疾病.方法 对125例梅毒患者的临床资料进行分析.结果 梅毒硬下疳可多发,少数可以留疤,除生殖器外还可以发生在乳房.病例中一患者因乳房赘生物并逐渐破溃而就诊,临床拟诊寻常疣、湿疹、帕哲特病待排,病理诊断为亚急性炎症,然患者血清学检查显示RPR1:64( )及TPPA阳性.二期梅毒疹可表现为银屑病样疹、环形红斑、脓疱、扁平湿疣等,其发疹部位可在躯干、掌跖部,也可在头面部.皮疹可与硬下疳重叠出现(13.2%).结论 梅毒临床表现多样化,因此须多加注意.