Genomic diversity of human papillomavirus genotype 53 in an ethnogeographically closed cohort of white European women

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype 53 is classified taxonomically in alpha HPV genus-species 6, together with HPV-30, HPV-56, and HPV-66 and is considered to be one of three "probable high-risk" HPV genotypes. Recent worldwide comparison of 44 isolates of HPV-53 showed the existence of nine long control region (LCR) genomic variants, which formed a phylogenetic tree with two deep dichotomic branches. In order to investigate further the genomic diversity of HPV-53, a total of 94 isolates of HPV-53 obtained from an ethnogeographically closed cohort of 70 white European women was analyzed. The identification and characterization of HPV-53 genomic variants was based on analysis of three different HPV genomic regions: LCR, E6 and E7. A higher genomic diversity of HPV-53 was identified in the ethnogeographically closed cohort of white European women than has been reported previously on isolates collected worldwide. Altogether, 19 HPV-53 genomic variants, composed of 13 LCR, 13 E6, and 5 E7 genomic variants, were identified. Eleven out of 13 LCR, all E6, and four out of five E7 genomic variants were described for the first time. The present study confirmed dichotomic phylogeny of HPV-53 described previously and, in addition, showed for the first time that after a dichotomic split, both groups of HPV-53 genomic variants formed star-like phylogenetic clusters. In women with persistent HPV-53 infection, HPV-53 genomic variants remained unchanged for up to 51 months. In rare cases, infection with multiple HPV-53 genomic variants is possible. Taking into account the results of this and previous studies, at least 26 different HPV-53 genomic variants exist today.     

CCHF virus variants in Pakistan and Afghanistan: Emerging diversity and epidemiology

BackgroundCrimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported from more than 30 countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Middle East. The disease is considered endemic in Pakistan and neighboring countries like Iran and Afghanistan.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of CCHF virus (CCHFV) detected in Pakistan and Afghanistan based on analysis of partial S-segment sequences.Study designDuring 2011, one hundred samples satisfying the CCHF case definition were tested by (ELISA) and RT-PCR for detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on partial S-segment nucleotide sequences using MEGA 5.0.ResultsOut of one hundred collected during 2011, 49 (49%) were positive for CCHF either by ELISA/RT-PCR or both. The mean age of the CCHFV positive cases was 30.32 years (range 18–56 years) and overall mortality rate was 20.4%. All CCHF virus isolates from this study clustered with strains previously reported from Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan within the Asia-1 genogroup. Four distinct sub-clades were found circulating within Asia-1 genogroup. Six CCHFV strains found in Pakistan and Afghanistan grouped into a new sub-clade-D.ConclusionsData from this study shows that endemic foci of CCHFV span the international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan with genetically diverse variants circulating in this region. Our findings emphasize to establish a laboratory based surveillance program and devise health policy measures to control CCHF infection especially in Baluchistan.     

基于SRAP分子标记的何首乌种质遗传多样性和群体结构研究

目的 探究何首乌Polygonum multiflorum种质的遗传多样性和居群结构,为何首乌种质资源的保护及合理利用提供参考。方法 采用SRAP分子标记方法,利用Structure 2.3.4、NTSYSpc、Popgen 32和MEGA 7软件对数据进行统计,获得何首乌居群的多样性水平、遗传距离、遗传分化程度、聚类结果和群体分析结果。结果 何首乌野生居群遗传多样性大于栽培居群,多样性主要来自居群间。野生居群中,四川和重庆居群的遗传多样性较高,何首乌样品间遗传距离与地理距离无明显相关性;何首乌样品的邻接法（neighbor joining,NJ）聚类结果与地理分布相符,相同采集点样品可聚在一起。结果还显示农户栽培品亲缘关系近,说明品种间存在相互引种情况。居群结构分析表明,大部分何首乌样品的血缘组成较为单一,且K=16时,样品分类效果最佳,而分类结果则与NJ聚类基本一致。结论 SRAP分子标记是何首乌遗传多样性估计和种群关系的有效分析工具,而地形复杂性可能是影响何首乌遗传多样性程度的重要因素,另外,广西所产棱枝何首乌在何首乌种群中表现出特异性,与其他种源遗传距离大,支持将其列为何首乌的...     

基于ISSR和SRAP分子标记的黄精种质遗传多样性研究

目的 研究黄精Polygonati Rhizoma居群遗传多样性,为黄精药材资源保护和新品种培育提供依据。方法 以4个居群22个种源47份黄精种质资源为材料,选用14条ISSR和11对SRAP分子标记进行多态性检测、遗传多样性比较和聚类分析,揭示黄精种质的遗传多样性及地理分布特征。结果 ISSR引物和SRAP引物分别扩增出186和142条清晰带数,其中多态性条带数分别为185和140,多态性比率（percentage of polymorphic bands,PPB）分别为99.46%和98.59%;遗传多样性分析显示,ISSR和SRAP标记下基因分化系数（G_st）分别为0.279 9和0.231 6,即黄精遗传变异主要发生在种群内,居群间基因流（N_m）分别为1.286 4和1.659 3,遗传相似系数在0.053 3~0.948 1和0.032 8~0.967 7。聚类结果显示,相同黄精药材基原种质聚在一起,ISSR和SRAP标记分别将黄精居群分为5和3大类群,且以ISSR标记的聚类结果更符合实际地域分布。结论 黄精种质遗传多样性丰富,ISSR和SRAP标记可适用于黄精亲缘性鉴定,研究结果可为黄精资源的保护和育种提供一定参考。     

相关系列扩增多态性分子标记分析部分山药品种遗传多样性

 目的评价山药资源的多样性,为山药品种鉴定及亲缘关系的研究提供科学依据。方法以8个山药栽培居群中的21个山药品种为试材,进行相关系列扩增多态性（SRAP）分析,Popgene1.32软件计算遗传参数,UPGMA方法构建亲缘关系聚类图。结果相关系列扩增多态性引物共检测到309条清晰条带,其中多态性条带289条;Nei基因多样性指数（H）为0.2881、Shannon信息指数为（I）0.4416、居群间基因多样性（Ht）为0.2891,阐明了山药居群间具有很高的多样性;居群内以河南温县薯蓣居群多样性最高,PPB为35.92％,而福建三明（FJSM）和浙江高楼（ZJRG）山薯居群多样性最低（PPB＝0％）;居群间基因分化系数Gst为0.8658、基因流（Nm）为0.0775,揭示山药居群间遗传变异大于居群内遗传变异;8个居群间的遗传距离在0.0498～0.4879,因栽培物种的不同被聚为4类;相关系列扩增多态性标记可将21个山药品种分别归属到薯蓣、参薯、褐苞薯蓣、山薯种内。结论山药品种呈现较高遗传多样性,4种基原山药种间遗传差异较大,相关系列扩增多态性是鉴别我国山药品种的有效方法。     

不同产地杜仲皮内生真菌种群结构的比较分析

为探讨不同产地杜仲皮内生真菌种群结构的差异,采用平板分离法分离来自慈利、略阳和遵义3个产地杜仲皮内生真菌,通过形态和分子手段相结合的方式对分离出的真菌进行鉴定,共分离得到152株内生真菌,分属于8个属,其中Phomopsis,Diaporthe,Alternaria为3个产地内生真菌共有属,各产地的优势种群不同。相似性分析表明,不同产地杜仲皮内生真菌的组成结构上存在差异;多样性及均匀度分析表明,慈利和略阳产地杜仲皮内生真菌种群多样性较高,分布较均匀。遵义产地杜仲皮内生真菌种群的多样性指数及均匀度指数最低,优势种群集中,奇异度较高。拟茎点菌属与其有性态间座壳属菌株的系统发育及遗传距离分析,不同产地杜仲皮中拟茎点菌属及其有性态真菌多样性丰富。综合分析认为,杜仲皮组织的内生真菌具有多样性,慈利、遵义和略阳3个产地内生真菌的数量、组成及种群间存在显著差异。     

3种藏药基原植物遗传多样性研究

通过野外采集、分类学鉴定及多基因组多片段相结合,对2012年版《西藏自治区藏药材标准》中"桑蒂"、"莪德哇"和"叶兴巴"3种藏药基原植物的遗传多样性进行分析研究。经鉴定它们的基原植物分别为毛萼獐牙菜Swertia hispidicalyx、全萼秦艽Gentiana lhassica和齿叶玄参Scrophularia dentata;直接测定各样品的核糖体DNA ITS区、叶绿体matK,rbcL,rpoC1,trnL(UAA),psbA-trnH,atpB-rbcL,trnS(GCU)-trnG(UCC),rpl20-rps12,trnL(UAA)-trnF(GAA)及线粒体nad1第2内含子序列共93条;毛萼獐牙菜、齿叶玄参的ITS区存在杂合,通过TA克隆法获得60条克隆序列。将克隆序列分为不同的基因型;基于所获全部序列及近缘物种相关序列,探讨3种藏药基原植物的遗传多样性,构建了全萼秦艽的DNA条形码。该工作可为不同遗传背景的藏药基原植物物种鉴定DNA条形码的建立提供新思路及基础资料。     

Native Medicinal Plant Richness Distribution Patterns and Environmental Determinants of Xinjiang, Northwest China

Objective To comprehensively map the distribution patterns of native medicinal plants of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; To find the environmental determinants and to give suggestions for the conservation planning of medicinal plants in Xinjiang region. Methods Firstly, we compiled the distribution data of native medicinal plants at a county level in Xinjiang region, including the source plants of Chinese Materia Medica(CMM), Uygur Medicine(UM), and Kazak Medicine(KM); Secondly, we divided the distribution data into grid with a resolution of 0.1°× 0.1° and overlaid it on the topography and climate data in Arcgis 10.0; Finally, we analyzed the correlations of medicinal plant richness and environmental variables with ordinary least square(OLS) regressions and partial regressions. Results UM has more non-native species in Xinjiang region than KM. The species richness of medicinal plants is high in Altay Mountains, western Tianshan Mountains, and part of Kunlun Mountains. The richness of medicinal plants is highly correlated with the vascular plant species richness and climate, and further, the independent effects of vascular plant species richness are higher than the independent effects of climate. The whole plant, root rhizome, and seed fruit are more frequently used than stem and leaf for CMM in Xinjiang region. Conclusion The distribution patterns of medicinal plants are concordant with vascular plant species, which could be carefully considered in the conservation planning of this region. Taking full advantage of current nature reserves is a low-costing approach to the conservation of medicinal plants although they were not originally established for medicinal plant protection. Nevertheless, it is urgent to further study the distributions and protection status of medicinal plants in the nature reserves of Xinjiang region.     

羊肚菌属群体遗传学和基因组进化的研究进展

羊肚菌Morchella esculenta是子囊菌亚门的一种大型药食两用真菌,具有重要的经济价值和药用价值。然而近年来全球气候变化,导致羊肚菌属物种的栖息地破碎和片段化,加上消费者对羊肚菌美食的喜爱,过渡采挖造成羊肚菌属野生资源急剧减少,因此,急需对羊肚菌属物种资源进行保护。遗传多样性的时空分布是保护生物学的重要内容,遗传多样性关系到一个物种或类群的进化潜力和未来命运。生物基因组和进化的研究能够辅助挖掘物种深层次的优异基因资源,有利于从本质上对物种进行科学保护。从羊肚菌属的遗传多样性、遗传结构和家系关系以及基因组进化等的研究进展进行综述,以期为羊肚菌属资源的科学保护提供重要依据。