Use of Miniplates in Parasymphysis Fractures : A Survey Conducted Among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India

Aim of the study was to find out the number of miniplates used by Indian Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons for parasymphysis fractures. A survey was done among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India at the 34th annual meeting of Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India. Four questions were given to each individual to find out their opinion regarding use of miniplates in parasymphysis fractures. Eighty-eight per cent of Indian surgeons were in favour of using intra-operative or post-operative intermaxillary fixation. Thirty-eight per cent responded in favour of using single miniplate for parasymphysis fracture instead of using two miniplates. Fifty-four per cent maxillofacial surgeons use various modifications depending on different conditions. Forty-two per cent of maxillofacial surgeons accepted that lower arch bar can be used as a tension band. Use of miniplates for the treatment of parasymphysis fracture varies from centre to centre and from surgeon to surgeon. Though miniplates are best used following Champy’s principle, still many surgeons use single miniplate. Arch bars placed for intermaxillary fixation can be used as a tension band, again eliminating the need for upper plate.     

An isolated case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in a female with a deletion of DMD cDNA

An isolated case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in a female who has a deletion of the DMD locus is described. This patient was a 26-year-old woman born to unrelated, healthy parents. She was initially examined at age 6 because of a waddling gait. At age 15, pseudohypertrophy of calves and pes equinus were observed along with proximal muscular weakness and wasting. Her serum creatine kinase level was high and histological evidence of muscular dystrophy was apparent on muscle biopsy. The patient was ambulant at age 15 and progression of motor disability has been slow. Chromosomal studies revealed a normal karyotype, and mental retardation is moderate. DNA analysis at age 26 revealed that she has a deletion of DMD cDNA 8 mapped within Xp21 and is heterozygous for the deletion. Since diagnosis of DMD is now dependent on the evidence of mutation or deletion at Xp21, this patient is thought to have a form of DMD. Expression of the DMD gene in the heterozygous state might be due to random but unequal lyonization.     

实验性急性心肌缺血的早期形态学指标探讨

对犬和兔的冠状动脉分别形成不同程度的机械性狭窄和药物性痉挛1小时,观察冠状动脉狭窄后急性心肌缺血的早期形态学改变,探讨其形态学诊断标准。结果表明:光镜下急性早期缺血性改变为心肌细胞嗜伊红增强和较具特征性的心肌纤维波浪状变和收缩带形成。轻度波浪状变电镜下仅见轻度线粒体肿胀;重度波浪状变线粒体肿胀明显,嵴断裂、溶解消失、空泡变,肌原纤维肿胀、变性或断裂。波浪状变和收缩带并存时,Z线增宽,肌节呈节段性疑聚,形成典型之“竹根样”或“竹节样”改变。作者认为,轻度心肌纤维波浪状变不足以说明为心肌缺血性改变;重度波浪状变可作为早期心肌缺血的形态学指标;若波浪状变同时伴有收缩带形成时,表明心肌缺血程度严重。     

小切口张力带内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨采用肱三头肌两侧小切口入路交叉克氏针加桡侧钢丝张力带治疗儿童完全移位肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效。方法收集2005年6月~2015年11月收治的儿童完全移位肱骨髁上骨折61例,男性47例,女性14例;年龄3~13岁,平均8.5岁。摔伤55例,道路交通伤6例。其中闭合性骨折59例,开放性骨折2例;右侧50例,左侧11例;伸直型57例,屈曲型4例。应用肱三头肌两侧小切口入路,桡侧克氏针张力带内固定治疗,术中置管引流,术后无需外固定,早期功能锻炼。结果本组均在门诊摄X线片随访,随访时间3~36个月,平均20个月。X线片显示61例均解剖复位,骨折平均愈合时间为8周,无肘内翻畸形发生。根据Flynn评定标准,优42例,良16例,可2例,差1例,优良率达95%。结论肱三头肌两侧小切口入路交叉克氏针加桡侧钢丝张力带治疗儿童完全移位肱骨髁上骨折,具有操作简单、固定可靠、肘关节功能恢复满意等优点,是治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的一种有效方法。     

Sudomotor dysfunction is frequent and correlates with disability in Friedreich ataxia

Objectives

To evaluate autonomic symptoms and function in Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA).

Distinct patterns of neuronal inputs and outputs of the juxtaparaventricular and suprafornical regions of the lateral hypothalamic area in the male rat

We have analyzed at high resolution the neuroanatomical connections of the juxtaparaventricular region of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHAjp); as a control and in comparison to this, we also performed a preliminary analysis of a nearby LHA region that is dorsal to the fornix, namely the LHA suprafornical region (LHAs). The connections of these LHA regions were revealed with a coinjection tract-tracing technique involving a retrograde (cholera toxin B subunit) and anterograde (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin) tracer. The LHAjp and LHAs together connect with almost every major division of the cerebrum and cerebrospinal trunk, but their connection profiles are markedly different and distinct. In simple terms, the connections of the LHAjp indicate a possible primary role in the modulation of defensive behavior; for the LHAs, a role in the modulation of ingestive behavior is suggested. However, the relation of the LHAjp and LHAs to potential modulation of these behaviors, as indicated by their neuroanatomical connections, appears to be highly integrative as it includes each of the major functional divisions of the nervous system that together determine behavior, i.e., cognitive, state, sensory, and motor. Furthermore, although a primary role is indicated for each region with respect to a particular mode of behavior, intermode modulation of behavior is also indicated. In summary, the extrinsic connections of the LHAjp and LHAs (so far as we have described them) suggest that these regions have a profoundly integrative role in which they may participate in the orchestrated modulation of elaborate behavioral repertoires.     

Increased voluntary drive is associated with changes in common oscillations from 13 to 60 Hz of interference but not rectified electromyography

The purpose of this study was to compare the capability of interference and rectified electromyography (EMG) to detect changes in the beta (13–30‐HZ ) and Piper (30–60‐HZ ) bands when voluntary force is increased. Twenty adults exerted a constant force abduction of the index finger at 15% and 50% of maximum. The common oscillations at various frequency bands (0–500 HZ ) were estimated from the first dorsal interosseous muscle using cross wavelets of interference and rectified EMG. For the interference EMG signals, normalized power significantly (P < 0.01) increased with force in the beta (9.0 ± 0.9 vs. 15.5 ± 2.1%) and Piper (13.6 ± 0.9 vs. 21 ± 1.7%) bands. For rectified EMG signals, however, the beta and Piper bands remained unchanged (P > 0.4). Although rectified EMG is used in many clinical studies to identify changes in the oscillatory drive to the muscle, our findings suggest that only interference EMG can accurately capture the increase in oscillatory drive from 13 to 60 HZ with voluntary force. Muscle Nerve, 2010     

A big-world network in ASD: dynamical connectivity analysis reflects a deficit in long-range connections and an excess of short-range connections

Over the last years, increasing evidence has fuelled the hypothesis that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition of altered brain functional connectivity. The great majority of these empirical studies relies on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which has a relatively poor temporal resolution. Only a handful of studies has examined networks emerging from dynamic coherence at the millisecond resolution and there are no investigations of coherence at the lowest frequencies in the power spectrum—which has recently been shown to reflect long-range cortico-cortical connections. Here we used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess dynamic brain connectivity in ASD focusing in the low-frequency (delta) range. We found that connectivity patterns were distinct in ASD and control populations and reflected a double dissociation: ASD subjects lacked long-range connections, with a most prominent deficit in fronto-occipital connections. Conversely, individuals with ASD showed increased short-range connections in lateral-frontal electrodes. This effect between categories showed a consistent parametric dependency: as ASD severity increased, short-range coherence was more pronounced and long-range coherence decreased. Theoretical arguments have been proposed arguing that distinct patterns of connectivity may result in networks with different efficiency in transmission of information. We show that the networks in ASD subjects have less Clustering coefficient, greater Characteristic Path Length than controls - indicating that the topology of the network departs from small-world behaviour - and greater modularity. Together these results show that delta-band coherence reveal qualitative and quantitative aspects associated with ASD pathology.     

Variables in full‐body ultraviolet B treatment of skin diseases

Ultraviolet B (UVB) treatment is most often performed according to a fixed schedule, not necessarily considering important variables such as UV intensity, type of UVB source and skin pigmentation. These variables can rather easily be taken into consideration by the right choice of dosing unit. The advantage of going from dosing in time to Joule to standard erythema dose or to minimal erythema dose is considered. The size of most variables may be diminished considerably. Following these guidelines, it is possible to increase the efficacy of UVB phototherapy without increasing the risk of unintentional burning.