Technique for modified transantral orbital decompression for improved cosmesis in stable thyroid eye disease

Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of exophthalmos in stable thyroid eye disease (TED) can be achieved with a variety of surgical approaches. This article illustrates modifications of the classic transantral technique to provide a graded orbital decompression and achieve improved cosmesis. A retrospective chart review was performed of stable TED patients who elected to undergo the modified transantral decompression; illustrative cases are described. This modified transantral orbital decompression allows for graded orbital decompression surgery, adding to the range of treatment options for stable TED patients.     

数字化改良式与传统基托式塞治器在下颌骨开窗减压术中的对比研究

目的比较数字化改良囊腔塞治器与传统基托式囊肿塞治器在下颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后的临床运用及治疗效果。方法选取下颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后病例37例,随机分为数字化改良囊腔塞治器组和传统基托式囊肿塞治器组,对比两组所用塞治器的技工制作和临床操作用时、戴用后满意度评分及12个月后囊腔大小变化差异。结果数字化改良囊腔塞治器组塞治器的技工制作和临床操作平均用时与传统基托式囊肿塞治器组差异具有统计学意义(P=0.00);数字化改良囊腔塞治器组戴用塞治器后舒适度及清洁度的满意度评分与传统基托式囊肿塞治器组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组对固位的满意度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);数字化改良囊腔塞治器组与传统基托式囊肿塞治器组戴用塞治器12个月后囊腔明显减小,但两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论下颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后运用数字化改良囊腔塞治器和传统基托式囊肿塞治器均可取得良好的效果;数字化改良囊腔塞治器具有较高的时效性,患者满意度高,可作为下颌骨开窗减压术后的一种优选治疗装置。     

Inflammation Level after Decompression Surgery for a Rat Model of Chronic Severe Spinal Cord Compression and Effects on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Delayed neurological deterioration in the absence of direct spinal cord insult following surgical decompression is a severe postoperative complication in patients with chronic severe spinal cord compression (SCC). The spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has been verified as a potential etiology of the complication. However, the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms of the decompression-related IRI remain to be defined. In this study, we developed a practical rat model of chronic severe SCC. To explore the underlying role of inflammation in decompression-related IRI, immunoreactivity of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) before and after decompression were measured. In addition, expression level of TNF-α and IL-1β was examined with Western blot. Immunohistochemical staining showed negative result in gray matters in the sham group and sham-decompression group. In the severe compression group, strong positive staining of TNF-α and IL-1β were found, suggesting a dramatic infiltration of inflammatory cells in gray matters. Furthermore, the severe compression group showed a significant increase in expression level of TNF-α and IL-1β as compared with the sham group (p < 0.05). In the severe compression-decompression group, both immunostaining and Western blot showed significant increase of TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the spinal cord compared with the severe compression group (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that surgical decompression plays a stimulative role in inflammation through increasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the rat model of chronic severe SCC injury. Inflammation may be one of the important pathological mechanisms of decompression-related IRI of chronic ischemia.     

神经根型颈椎病椎间孔内神经根受压的原因分析及减压方式选择

目的:分析神经根型颈椎病患者椎间孔内神经根受压的原因,选择合理的减压方式。方法 :2010年1月~2013年8月,我院共收治神经根型颈椎病患者178例,其中56例为椎间孔内神经根受压所致的单侧神经根型颈椎病,术前VAS评分为8.99±1.01分(7~10分);颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)为41.15±7.12分(37~49分)。根据术前影像学资料判断椎间孔内神经根受压的原因分为3组:单纯椎间盘压迫,14例(A组);单纯骨性压迫,22例(B组);混合压迫(椎间盘+骨性压迫),20例(C组)。A组切除椎间盘至钩椎关节,适当扩大椎间孔,取出突出髓核;B、C组切除椎间盘至钩椎关节后,将钩突基底部内侧磨平,充分显露钩突后部、上位椎体后下角及钩椎关节间隙,刮除上位椎体后下角及部分增生的钩突。减压后均行椎间植骨内固定。使用Surgimap软件测量患者术前颈椎双斜位X线片上病变节段的双侧椎间孔面积,将健侧与患侧的椎间孔面积进行对比。比较3组患者术前及末次随访时VAS评分和NDI,同时比较3组的手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间。结果:3组患者术前健侧椎间孔面积无显著性差异(P0.05),B组和C组的患侧椎间孔面积均较A组明显狭窄(P0.05);B组和C组无显著性差异(P0.05);B组和C组的患侧椎间孔面积均较各自的对侧椎间孔面积明显狭窄(P0.05);而A组患侧椎间孔面积较对侧无明显狭窄(P0.05)。3组患者均顺利完成手术,B、C组与A组相比术中出血量较多,手术时间和术后住院天数较长(P0.05);B组与C组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。术后3组患者均无神经症状加重、感染及脑脊液漏等并发症发生。56例患者均获得随访,随访时间27.2±8.9个月(12~52个月),3组术前VAS评分和NDI比较无显著性差异(P0.05),末次随访时亦无显著性差异(P0.05);3组末次随访时与术前比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:术前根据影像学资料分析神经根型颈椎病患者椎间孔内神经根受压的原因,进行针对性的减压手术可取得良好效果。     

颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后应用囊肿塞治器患者的牙科焦虑症调查分析

目的：对颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后行囊肿塞治器患者的牙科焦虑症患病情况进行调查,并探讨与患者发生牙科焦虑症可能相关的因素。方法：选取2012年3月—2014年12月来我院修复科就诊的 198 例颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后行囊肿塞治器治疗的成人患者进行调查,采用改良牙科焦虑量表(MDAS)评估牙科焦虑症的发生情况,采用SPSS 22.0软件包对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果：颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后行囊肿塞治器患者的牙科焦虑症患病率为63.6%;χ₂检验结果显示,各因素组(性别、年龄、婚姻状况、视觉模拟量表(VAS)等级、是否初次来口腔门诊,不包括文化程度)的牙科焦虑症(DA)患病率的差异是具有统计学意义的(P<0.05);采用Logistic回归分析显示,本次调查的因素组中对牙科焦虑症的危险性较大的因素是性别、年龄、VAS等级、是否初次来口腔门诊因素;Spearman等级相关分析显示,VAS等级与MDAS分级为低度正相关,总体相关系数有统计学意义。结论：颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后行囊肿塞治器患者的牙科焦虑症患病率较高。患者的性别、年龄、婚姻状态、VAS等级、是否初次来口腔门诊对牙科焦虑症的发生有密切关系,患者经历囊肿开窗术疼痛程度与患牙科焦虑症焦虑水平呈正相关。     

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment reduced the lung injury of type II decompression sickness

Objective: To detect the ultrastructural changes in rabbits with type II decompression sickness (DCS), and study the therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). Methods: Twenty-seven male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided equally into the DCS group, HBO treatment group and control group. Experimental models of each group were prepared. Lung apex tissues were harvested to prepare paraffin- and EPON812-embedded tissues. Results: In the DCS group, macroscopic and histological examination revealed severe and rapid damage to lung tissue. Ultrastructural examination revealed exudation of red blood cells in the alveolar space. Type I alveolar epithelial cells exhibited retracted cell processes and swollen mitochondria, and type II cells showed highly swollen mitochondria and decrease in cytoplasmic lamellar bodies. Dilatation and congestion of capillary vessels were accompanied by swelling of endothelial cells and incomplete basement membrane. In the HBO treatment group, the findings were somewhat similar to those in the DCS group, but the extent of damage was lesser. Only a small amount of tiny bubbles could be seen in the blood vessels. Type I alveolar epithelia cells and endothelial cells of the capillaries illustrated slight shortening of cells, swollen cytoplasm and decreased cell processes. Type II alveolar epithelial cells showed slight swelling of the mitochondria, decreased vacuolar degeneration of lamellar bodies, and increase in the number of free ribosomes. Conclusions: Our microscopic and ultrastructural findings confirm that the lung is an important organ affected by DCS. We also confirmed that HBO can alleviate DCS-induced pulmonary damage.     

地塞米松鞘内注射与静脉注射在显微血管减压术后无菌性脑膜炎中的疗效比较

目的比较腰椎穿刺鞘内注射地塞米松与静脉推注地塞米松治疗显微血管减压术（MVD）术后无菌性脑膜炎（AM）的临床疗效。 方法选择自2015年1月至2020年1月于胜利油田中心医院神经外科就诊行MVD并诊断为AM的138例患者为研究对象,将患者分为对照组（68例）和观察组（70例）。对照组患者采用静脉推注地塞米松（10 mg/次）治疗,频率为按需给药;观察组患者采用腰穿放液联合鞘内注射地塞米松[60 μg/（kg·次）]治疗,频率为每日或隔日1次。比较2组患者治疗后的头痛及发热缓解情况、术后住院时间、治疗次数及激素不良反应情况。 结果治疗后8、72 h后,2组患者头痛、发热症状均明显好转,且观察组明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者的术后住院时间[（7.68±2.23）d]短于对照组[（12.76±2.37）d],治疗次数[（3.5±0.6）次]明显低于对照组[（6.8±0.9）次],差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,2组患者均未见明显的激素不良反应。 结论腰穿放液联合鞘内注射地塞米松在治疗MVD术后AM患者中疗效确切,可有效改善患者头痛、发热等临床症状,减轻激素用量,缩短术后住院时间,具有重要的临床推广价值。