Relationship between coronary atherosclerotic stenosis and cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis

To investigate the relationship between severity of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis stenosis and that of coronary atherosclerosis stenosis.Methods Cerebral angiography and coronary angiography were performed in 34 patients who had coronary disease with cerebral ischemia.Patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the degree ofstenosis on angiography,concomitant diseases,risk factors and biochemical data.Results The follow-up study showed that the incidence of cardiac and cerebrovascular death increased significantly in patients with moderate to severe stenosis of coronary and cerebral arteries;the severity of stenosis in the coronary artery parallels that in the solitary carotid artery,or dual carotid and vertebral arteries.Conclusions Patients with coronary and cerebral artery stenosis,especially those with multi-risk factors,such as hypertension,diabetes and cigarette smoking,should receive intensive treatment to reduce cardiac and cerebrovascular events.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:227-229)     

冠心病伴下肢外周动脉病住院患者患病率及用药状况分析

目的 了解我国冠心病住院患者下肢外周动脉病（peripheral arterial disease,PAD）的患病率及用药状况。方法 连续入选上海第十人民医院等32家医院的冠心病住院患者1228例为研究对象;测量踝臂指数（ankle-brachial index,ABI）并收集用药情况;ABI〈0．9诊断为PAD。结果 冠心病患者的PAD患病率为32．4％;PAD患者中67．6％使用他汀类药物,70．1％使用ACEI类药物,87．4％使用抗血小板药物,62．8％的PAD患者同时使用他汀类和抗血小板药物;多元分析PAD患者使用利尿剂的OR及95％CI为1．719（1．252～2．539）,其他用药情况对PAD没有显示统计学差别。结论 冠心病患者常伴有下肢外周动脉病,临床上未引起对PAD的足够重视,应在治疗冠心病的同时给予PAD正规积极的治疗。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术患者凝血功能的影响

目的比较非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术(0PCAB)中临床剂量的羟乙基淀粉(HES)130／0．4和琥珀酰明胶对凝血功能的影响。方法选择24例美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级、择期行OPCAB的患者,随机均分为琥珀酰明胶组(GEL组)和HES组。分别于麻醉诱导前(T0)、术毕即时(T1)和术后24 h(T2)测定血小板计数、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)和D-二聚体等凝血功能指标。记录术中失血量、术后24 h内的胸管引流量和输血量。结果两组间手术时间、术中补液量、术中出血量和24 h胸管引流量的差异均无显著性(P值均>0．05)。两组间T0、T1和T2时间点的血小板计数、PT、APTT、Fib及D-二聚体的差异均无显著性(P值均>0．05)。结论临床剂量的HES 130／0．4与琥珀酰明胶对OPCAB患者凝血功能的影响无明显差异,可安全应用于OPCAB的容量治疗。     

冠状动脉内注射美托洛尔在急性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的初步应用

目的观察冠状动脉内直接注射β受体阻滞剂(美托洛尔)对接受直接经皮冠状动脉腔介入治疗的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的安全性及其对近期临床和心血管事件的影响。方法将32例AMI患者随机分为美托洛尔组(17例)和对照组(15例),美托洛尔组分别在第1次球囊扩张前和放置支架前向冠状动脉内注射美托洛尔5 mg,对照组注射等容量的0．9%氯化钠溶液。观察两组心率、血压、心肌酶、左室射血分数的变化,同时观察住院期间及发病后30 d心绞痛、再梗死、心力衰竭,血运重建、死亡的发生情况。结果在两组基线资料可比的情况下,冠状动脉内注射美托洛尔对AMI患者的心率和血压均无影响。在注射美托洛尔过程中未发生房室传导阻滞、严重的心动过缓、心力衰竭及低血压。住院期间美托洛尔组和对照组的左室射血分数分别为53．94±5．76和53．33±5．88,心肌酶肌酸激酶峰值分别为(2354．24±693．66)和(1981．87±412．92)U/L,差异均无显著性(P值均＞0．05)。两组住院期间及术后30 d死亡、再梗死、心绞痛、心力衰竭事件发生率的差异均无显著性(P值均＞0．05)。结论在AMI患者的冠状动脉内直接注射8受体阻滞剂是安全的,但无心肌保护作用。     

慢性肾功能不全对冠状动脉药物洗脱支架术预后的影响

目的研究合并慢性肾功能不全冠心病患者植入冠状动脉(冠脉)内药物洗脱支架的预后。方法连续463例接受冠脉内药物洗脱支架术治疗的患者中,175例合并慢性肾功能不全,288例肾功能正常(对照组)。记录患者一般临床资料、冠脉造影和支架术情况,分析随访期心脏事件、心绞痛发生率和心源性死亡率。结果平均随访(12.4±4.7)月后,肾功能不全组与对照组的心脏事件发生率(4.6%vs3.1%,P=0.422)和心绞痛复发率(6.3%vs8.3%,P=0.419)无明显差异,但肾功能不全组的心源性死亡率显著高于对照组(2.9%vs0.4%,P=0.031)。结论慢性肾功能不全是增加冠脉支架术后死亡率的独立危险因素。     

CT血管造影在评价冠状动脉支架术后支架内再狭窄中的价值

目的研究CT血管造影(CTA)在评价冠状动脉支架术后支架内再狭窄中的应用价值。方法40例冠状动脉支架术后患者(共82枚支架),分别接受16排CTA和常规冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,并由两位有经验的医师独立对冠状动脉支架开通或再狭窄进行评估。结果CTA方法能评价所有82枚支架中的68枚(83%),其中支架直径≥3.0 mm者53枚(78%),支架壁厚度<140μm者51枚(75%);CAG显示有7枚支架发生再狭窄,CTA发现其中5枚;CAG和CTA对其余61枚支架均显示无再狭窄。在CTA不可评价的14枚支架中,支架直径<3.0 mm者13枚(93%),支架壁厚度≥140μm者13枚(93%)。CTA对冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为71%、100%、97%和100%。结论16排CTA能较准确地评价冠状动脉支架术后支架内再狭窄的发生,尤其对大直径、薄金属壁支架的评估价值较高。     

Kawasaki disease and giant coronary artery aneurysms: the role of echocardiography from diagnosis through follow‐up

Kawasaki disease is an acquired vasculitis that can affect the coronary arteries placing the patient at risk for coronary artery thrombosis, myocardial ischemia and infarction. The risk of complications related to coronary artery involvement persists for years despite recovery from the acute illness phase. The risk of late coronary disease progression necessitates long term follow‐up generally accomplished by non‐invasive echocardiography in pediatric patients. We review the utility of echocardiography in patients with Kawasaki disease as it relates to initial management, risk stratification and follow‐up of these children.     

急性冠脉综合征患者红细胞分布宽度和超敏CRP的变化及临床意义

目的了解冠心病患者中斑块稳定组与不稳定组之间红细胞分布宽度（red blood cell distribution width,RDW）是否有差异,是否能成为早期识别急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndromes,ACS）的一个潜在标记物；同时研究血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）,并探讨二者之间是否有联系。方法 213例患者根据临床症状、相关标准及造影结果分成ACS组、SAP组及对照组,测定每位患者的RDW、hs-CRP及血脂指标。结果 （1）ACS组RDW值显著高于SAP组及对照组,而SAP组与对照组之间无显著性差异；（2）ACS组hs-CRP显著高于SAP组及对照组,而SAP组与对照组之间无显著性差异；（3）多因素Longistic回归分析发现RDW水平与ACS之间存在独立的显著性相关关系；（4）RDW与血清hs-CRP呈显著性正相关。结论 ACS组患者RDW是明显升高的,提示RDW的升高可能参与斑块不稳定的进展过程,可能是反映斑块易损性的一个潜在标记物。     

Contribution of Cardiorespiratory Fitness to the Obesity Paradox

Until recently, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been overlooked as a potential modifier of the inverse association between obesity and mortality (the so-called obesity paradox), observed in patients with known or suspected cardiovascular (CV) disease. Evidence from five observational cohort studies of 30,104 patients (87% male) with CV disease indicates that CRF significantly alters the obesity paradox. There is general agreement across studies that the obesity paradox persists among patients with low CRF, regardless of whether adiposity is assessed by body mass index, waist circumference, or percentage body fat. However, among patients with high CRF, risk of all-cause mortality is lowest for the overweight category in some, but not all, studies, suggesting that higher levels of fitness may modify the relationship between body fatness and survival in patients manifesting an obesity paradox. Further study is needed to better characterize the joint contribution of CRF and obesity on mortality in diverse populations.