竞赛驱动下医学专业“课程思政”的实践教学改革探索

当今医患矛盾日益突出、医患关系不断恶化的背景下,医学高等教育坚持用社会主义核心价值观引领意识形态的潮流,遵循社会主义核心价值观做导向,做到勤学、修德、立志、成才达到全方位育人目的。为落实立德树人根本任务,深度挖掘课程德育内涵,推动"课程思政"责任共同体,教师为主体,既可创新教学改革方法,有效充分发挥课程"育人"功能,将"课程思政"贯穿教育教学全过程,目的是医学专业基础课与思想政治理论同向同行,形成协同效应",以赛促教,增进实效"多元化竞赛,深入挖掘蕴含在专业知识里的德育元素,竞赛活动为载体促进"课程思政"与医学知识融合。在调研医学课程中专业课"课程思政"的现状基础上,不断充分挖掘医学专业课程中的思政元素,做到润物细无声,构建"竞赛驱动—课程思政融入-教学改革-学生批判能力培养"的教学改革实践模式,既将以竞赛为驱动力,并以医学专业知识为载体融入思政元素,提高医学生社会价值观的形成。坚持理论学习与实践教学相衔接,体会理论知识外化为实践能力,化知为行、知行合一。以赛促教、以赛促学"从专业角度发挥课堂主渠道,做好立德树人工作。     

“四品一械”检查员岗位胜任力评价指标体系构建研究

目的 构建科学客观的"四品一械"（食品、药品、化妆品、保健品及医疗器械）检查员岗位胜任力评价指标体系。方法 基于四维胜任力理论，通过文献分析法、工作分析法和专家访谈法初步编制"四品一械"检查员岗位胜任力评价指标体系，运用Delphi专家咨询法对13位"四品一械"相关领域专家进行函询。结果 构建的"四品一械"检查员岗位胜任力评价指标体系涵盖4个一级指标、14个二级指标，专家积极性、协调性和权威性高。结论 "四品一械"检查员岗位胜任力评价指标体系具有全面性、综合性，可作为"四品一械"检查员实践管理的参考依据。     

Relate better and judge less: Poverty simulation promoting culturally competent care in community health nursing

The study aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a poverty simulation in increasing understanding of and attitudes toward poverty and resulting in changes in clinical practice among nursing seniors. A poverty simulation was conducted using a diverse group of nursing professors and staff from local community agencies assuming the role of community resource providers. Students were assigned roles as members of low-income families and were required to complete tasks during a simulated month. A debriefing was held after the simulation to explore students' experiences in a simulated poverty environment. Students' understanding of and attitude toward poverty pre- and post-simulation were examined. Changes in the students' clinical experiences following the simulation were summarized into identified categories and themes. The poverty simulation led to a greater empathy for the possible experiences of low income individuals and families, understanding of barriers to health care, change in attitudes towards poverty and to those living in poverty, and changes in the students' nursing practice. Use of poverty simulation is an effective means to teach nursing students about the experience of living in poverty. The simulation experience changed nursing students' clinical practice, with students providing community referrals and initiating inter-professional collaborations.     

A core syllabus for the teaching of neuroanatomy to medical students

There is increasingly a call for clinical relevance in the teaching of biomedical sciences within all health care courses. However, this presupposes that there is a clear understanding of what can be considered core material within the curricula. To date, the anatomical sciences have been relatively poorly served by the development of core syllabuses, particularly for specialized core syllabuses such as neuroanatomy. One of the aims of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and of the European Federation for Experimental Morphology (EFEM) is to formulate, on an international scale, core syllabuses for all branches of the anatomical sciences using Delphi Panels consisting of anatomists, scientists, and clinicians to initially evaluate syllabus content. In this article, the findings of a Delphi Panel for neuroanatomy are provided. These findings will subsequently be published on the IFAA website to enable anatomical (and other cognate learned) societies and individual anatomists, clinicians, and students to freely comment upon, and elaborate and amend, the syllabuses. The aim is to set internationally recognized standards and thus to provide guidelines concerning neuroanatomical knowledge when engaged in course development. Clin. Anat. 28:706–716, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Psychological immune competency predicts burnout syndrome among the high-risk healthcare staff: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundBurnout and psychological immune competency have not been investigated together among employees of high-risk specializations such as emergency medicine, intensive care or surgery.AimIn this study we aim to examine the prevalence of burnout among high-risk clinical staff and explore whether the strength of psychological immune competency predict burnout.DesignA cross-sectional design utilizing a self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants (n = 216). Nurses (n = 145) and physicians (n = 71) from emergency medicine, intensive care and surgery departments participated in the study.MethodBurnout syndrome was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, while psychological immune competency was measured using the Psychological Immune Competency Questionnaire. The data collection started in June of 2018 and was finished in March of 2019.ResultsParticipants with higher psychological immune competency reported lower levels of burnout: emotional exhaustion (r = −0.478; p < 0.001), depersonalization (r = −0.459; p < 0.001) and personal accomplishment (r = 0.543; p < 0.001). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed the psychological immune competency to be a stable predictor of burnout on all three scales.ConclusionPsychological immune competency shows a strong relationship with scales of burnout syndrome and as such should be further examined due to development of successful intervention and prevention programs.     

Structural diversity of coiled coils in protein fibers of the bacterial cell envelope

The cell envelope of bacteria shows great diversity in architecture and composition, to a large extent due to its proteome. Proteins localized to the cell envelope, whether integrally embedded in the membrane, membrane-anchored, or peripherally associated as part of a macromolecular complex, often form elongated fibers, in which coiled coils represent a prominent structural element. These coiled-coil segments show a surprising degree of structural variability, despite being shaped by a small number of simple biophysical rules, foremost being their geometry of interaction referred to as 'knobs-into-holes'. Here we will review this diversity, particularly as it has emerged over the last decade.     

Assessing the role of nocturnal core body temperature dysregulation as a biomarker of neurodegeneration

The vast majority of patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder will develop a neurodegenerative α‐synuclein‐related condition, such as Parkinson’s disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. The pathology underlying dream enactment overlaps anatomically with the brainstem regions that regulate circadian core body temperature. Previously, nocturnal core body temperature regulation has been shown to be impaired in Parkinson’s disease. However, no study to date has investigated nocturnal core body temperature changes in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, which may prove to be an early objective biomarker for α‐synucleinopathies. Ten healthy controls, 15 patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, 31 patients with Parkinson’s disease and six patients with dementia with Lewy bodies underwent clinical assessment and nocturnal polysomnography with core body temperature monitoring. A validated cosinor method was utilised for core body temperature analysis. No differences in mesor, nadir or time of nadir were observed between groups. However, when compared with healthy controls, the amplitude of the nocturnal core body temperature (mesor minus nadir) was significantly reduced in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, Parkinson’s disease with concurrent rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and dementia with Lewy bodies (p < 0.001, p = 0.043 and p = 0.017, respectively). Importantly, this relationship was not seen in those patients with Parkinson’s disease without rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between amplitude of the core body temperature and self‐reported rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder symptoms. Changes in thermoregulatory circadian rhythm may be specifically associated with the pathology underlying rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder rather than simply that of α‐synucleinopathy. These findings implicate thermoregulatory dysfunction as a potential early biomarker for development of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder‐associated neurodegeneration, and suggest that subpopulations with differing pathological underpinnings might exist in Parkinson’s disease.     

The neurocircuitry involved in oxytocin modulation of methamphetamine addiction

The role of oxytocin in attenuating the abuse of licit and illicit drugs, including the psychostimulant methamphetamine, has been examined with increased ferocity in recent years. This is largely driven by the potential application of oxytocin as a pharmacotherapy. However, the neural mechanisms by which oxytocin modulates methamphetamine abuse are not well understood. Recent research identified an important role for the accumbens core and subthalamic nucleus in this process, which likely involves an interaction with dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and vasopressin. In addition to providing an overview of methamphetamine, the endogenous oxytocin system, and the effects of exogenous oxytocin on drug abuse, we propose a neural circuit through which exogenous oxytocin modulates methamphetamine abuse, focusing on its interaction with neurochemicals within the accumbens core and subthalamic nucleus. A growing understanding of exogenous oxytocin effects at a neurochemical and neurobiological level will assist in its evaluation as a pharmacotherapy for drug addiction.