Optical response of the cultured bovine lens; testing opaque or partially transparent semi-solid/solid common consumer hygiene products

This study determines the relative ocular lens irritancy of 16 common partially transparent or non-transparent consumer hygiene products. The irritancy was found by measuring the changes in the sharpness of focus [referred to as the back vertex distance (BVD) variability] of the cultured bovine lens using a scanning laser In Vitro Assay System. This method consists of a laser beam that scans across the lens, and a computer, which then analyses the average focal length (mm), the BVD variability (mm), and the intensity of the beam transmitted. Lenses were exposed to the 16 hygiene products and the lens’ focusing ability was monitored over 192 h. The products are semi-solids or solids (e.g. gels, lotions, shampoos). They are categorized into six groups: shampoos, body washes, lotions, toothpastes, deodorant, and anti-perspirant. Damage (measured by > 1 mm BVD variability) occurred slower for the shampoos, especially in the case of baby shampoo. The results indicate that shampoos exhibit the lowest level of ocular lens toxicity (irritability) while the deodorant is the most damaging.     

Use of the KTP-532 Laser in Acoustic Neuroma Surgery

The potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP-532) laser has been applied to otologic surgery with a proven record of both safety and efficacy. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use, safety, and advantages of laser dissection in the surgical treatment of acoustic neuromas. The authors' experience with 111 patients in whom laser surgery was used in acoustic neuroma is presented, with emphasis on surgical technique employed and facial nerve functional outcome. The method of laser dissection did not result in deleterious neurologic sequelae or laser-specific complications. In addition, laser dissection afforded certain advantages to traditional techniques, especially in larger tumors. The facial nerve functional outcome as assessed by the House-Brackmann grading system revealed that 90.2% of small tumors, 72.2% of medium tumors, and 75.0% of large tumors achieved satisfactory (grades I and II) functional results. These results compare favorably with the literature describing nonlaser dissection techniques. The observations and results reported in this article demonstrate the safety of the KTP-532 laser in the posterior cranial fossa, and specific advantages that this technology may offer to the surgical armamentarium of the neuro-otologist are outlined.     

YAG激光与药物结合治疗文唇后接触性唇炎130例临床观察

目的探讨YAG激光与药物联合治疗文唇后接触性唇炎的疗效。方法随机选取130例文唇后接触性唇炎患者，应用美国Coherent公司生产的多功能多波长皮肤美容激光器（Nd：YAG激光）进行治疗，联合应用抗组胺药物等内服以及皮质类固醇激素外用。结果130例患者，完全治愈112例（占86．2％），显效16例（占12．3％），有效2例（占1．5％），无效为0，总有效率100％。结论YAG激光与药物结合治疗文唇后接触性唇炎获得满意疗效，具有创伤小，疗效高，副作用少，不留疤痕等特点。     

LASIK术前用药时间与清洁结膜囊效果比较

目的观察LASIK术前用药的最低安全时间及清洁结膜囊的临床效果.方法连续的LASIK术前病例135例(270只眼),按术前用药时间分为0、1、2、3、4天组,分别于用药前、用药后及洗眼后进行结膜囊细菌培养.结果各组病例用药前结膜囊细菌培养阳性率为50.37%;用药后2天组结膜囊细菌培养阳性率为2.86%,0、1、3、4天组均为0.洗眼后各组结膜囊细菌培养阳性率均为0.结论 LASIK术前有必要局部滴用抗生素滴眼液;手术当日每小时1次,连续4次或更长时间用药可达到清洁结膜囊的目的.     

准分子激光术前的眼底病变分析及处理

目的分析近视眼行准分子激光术前眼底病变病情及治疗方法.方法对730例(1460只眼)LASIK术前患者行散瞳眼底检查并作详细眼底检查记录.结果1460只眼中152只眼有干性视网膜裂孔(占10.4%),其中有2只眼伴视网膜浅脱离,36只眼同时伴有严重视网膜变性.152只眼干性视网膜裂孔和2只眼视网膜浅脱离行氩激光光凝治疗.结论近视眼LASIK术前常规散瞳检查眼底对发现病变并及时治疗是非常必要的,同时提出眼底病变光凝的指征.     

The combined endoscopic CO2 laser posterior cordectomy and total arytenoidectomy for treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis

The combined endoscopic CO₂ laser posterior cordectomy and total arytenoidectomy for treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis Upper airway obstruction, because of bilateral vocal cord paralysis, presents a serious challenge to the Otolaryngologist. Various surgical techniques have been advocated for the management of patients with vocal cord paralysis. Among these techniques, the individual use of laser CO₂ arytenoidectomy and posterior cordotomy has gained wide acceptance. In this report, we describe our experience in the management of bilateral vocal cord paralysis by combining posterior partial cordotomy as described by Dennis and Kashima, with total arytenoidectomy as described by Ossoff et al. We report the long‐term results in the management of 18 patients treated in our department during the last 8 years.     

准分子激光治疗高度和超高度近视的远期疗效

目的:比较准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(PRK)和激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)治疗高度和超高度近视的远期临床效果及其影响疗效的因素。方法:高度近视眼163例(294眼),其中PRK组84例(139眼),平均等效球镜屈光度-8.68±2.08D,LASIK组79例(155眼),平均等效球镜-9.17±2.92D。按术前屈光度分2组,Ⅰ组-6.25～-10.00D,Ⅱ组≥-10.00D,随访2a。结果:2a时,裸眼视力≥0.5者,Ⅰ组中PRK占89.5%,LASIK占96.8%;Ⅱ组中PRK占35.3%,LASIK占83.9%。裸眼视力≥1.0者,Ⅰ组中PRK为51.4%,LASIK为80.6%;Ⅱ组中PRK为2.9%,LASIK为46.8%。术后屈光度在预期矫正屈光度±1.00D范围以内者:Ⅰ组中PRK为62.8%,LASIK为88.2%;Ⅱ组中PRK为17.6%,LASIK为61.3%。角膜上皮下混浊(Haze)发生率,PRK组0级53.2%,0.5级25.3%,1级13.0%,2级8.6%。其中Ⅰ组发生率为39.0%,Ⅱ组发生率为70.5%。LASIK组均无上皮下或层间混浊发生。术后2a的等效球镜屈光度(Y)PRK组与术前等效球镜(X1雪,角膜屈光力(X 2)建立多元回归方程为Y =-8.645 0.444X1 0.265X 2(P <0.001)。LASIK组与术前等效球镜(X 1)、术中角膜切削深度(X 3)建立多元回归方程Y =-0.703 0.52X 1 0.0437X 3(P <0.001)。结论:准分子激光治疗高度和超高度近视眼的临床效果LASIK术式较PRK术式具有明显的优势。     

KTP激光行泪道疏通375例

目的：探讨KTP激光联合典必殊眼膏对泪道阻塞的应用效果。方法：对泪道阻塞患375例(672眼)施行泪道疏通，术后常规在泪道中注入典必殊眼膏。结果：本组术后1d即复诊，随访时间2周-35月。672眼术后初期疏通率100．0％，599眼观察期内仍然冲洗通畅、溢泪溢脓症状消失(治愈率89．2％)。结论：KTP激光泪道疏通术能有效治疗泪道阻塞性疾病，联合典必殊眼膏可提高疗效，值得推广。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视并发症的分析

目的:分析准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laserinsitu keratomileusis,LASIK)治疗近视的并发症,探讨其发生的机制及预防措施。方法:2648例(5060眼)近视患者(-1.00～-21.00D),行LASIK后随访12mo,观察其并发症的发生,并分析其原因。结果:术中角膜血管翳出血416眼(8.22%),角膜瓣游离6眼(0.12%),不完全角膜瓣13眼(0.26%),角膜瓣偏位62眼(1.22%),角膜瓣层间异物106眼(2.09%),结膜下出血1274眼(25.18%),下睑皮肤划伤52眼(1.03%)。术后并发症:偏中心切削102眼(2.02%),角膜瓣皱褶和移位9眼(0.18%),弥漫性板层角膜炎43眼(0.85%),中央岛形成11眼(0.22%),屈光回退275眼(5.10%),眩光76眼(1.5%),激素性高眼压23眼(0.45%),最佳矫正视力下降6眼(0.12%),过矫63眼(1.24%),干眼症41眼(0.81%)。结论:LASIK治疗近视安全、有效,但仍存在并发症,手术设计的完善和手术技巧的提高可减少并发症的发生。     

选择性激光小梁成形术治疗各类型开角型青光眼临床疗效的研究

目的观察选择性激光小梁成形术(selectlasertrabecularplasty,SLT)治疗各类型开角型青光眼(openangleglaucoma,OAG)降低眼内压的临床疗效和临床反应。方法对27例(52眼)多种类型开角型青光眼进行SLT治疗。所用设备为CoherentSelecta7000倍频Q-开关NdYAG双频激光仪。80个非重叠激光斑打击在颞侧180°范围小梁网,能量0.4～1.0mJ,激光斑400μm。术后观察眼内压和前房反应,时间为1d,1,6mo,1a。全部患者定期检查视力、裂隙灯、眼底镜、房角镜、视野(Octopus视野仪)、海德堡共焦激光断层扫描仪,(HRT-ⅡONH)和眼前节生物超声(UBM)检查。结果患者术前眼压平均(26.87±2.6)mmHg,不同时期的眼压大部分改善,术后1a为(20.21±3.4)mmHg,下降幅度为(6.66±2.8)mmHg,相当于下降24.78%,有3眼为高眼压症,没有明显降压效果出现。2眼为发育性青光眼,术后5d内降眼压效果明显,但10d左右眼压回升到接近术前水平转为手术治疗。部分病例仍需配合局部降眼压药。视力、C/D比、房角镜无明显改变。1a视野检查,9眼有改善。结论SLT治疗多种类型开角型青光眼安全有效,没有明显副作用和并发症,是治疗开角型青光眼的有效方法之一。