Aldose reductase inhibition with imirestat — effects on impulse conduction and insulin-stimulation of Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase activity in sciatic nerves of streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Summary This study describes reduced motor nerve conduction velocity and increased resistance to hypoxia-induced conduction failure in sciatic nerves of rats after four weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (both effects were significant at p <0.05). These changes occurred in the absence of any deficit in the steady-state ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of sciatic nerve endoneurial homogenates. The addition of 10 nmol/l insulin to endoneurial homogenates from control animals resulted in a 34% increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity and a 19% reduction in ouabain-insensitive ATPase activity (both p <0.01). This stimulation of ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity by insulin did not occur in homogenates from diabetic rats. Treating diabetic rats daily with the aldose reductase inhibitor, imirestat (1 mg/kg) improved nerve conduction velocity (p <0.05) but was without effect upon the resistance to hypoxic conduction blockade or the deficit in insulin-stimulated oubain-sensitive ATPase activity. These data suggest that in streptozotocin-diabetic rats the functional disorders of reduced motor nerve conduction velocity and increased resistance to hypoxic conduction blockade do not share a common aetiology and that impaired nerve conduction is not related to reduced maximal potential oubain-sensitive ATPase activity.     

Assessment of exposure to arsenic among smelter workers: A five-year follow-up

In a group of 43 smelter workers exposed to inorganic arsenic dust for 13-45 years, nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) were significantly lower in two peripheral nerves as compared with matching referents. With multivariate data analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between cumulative absorption of arsenic and NCV in four examined nerves and the sural amplitude. Clinical symptoms of neuropathy and other symptoms related to arsenic exposure were moderate, though the difference between the groups was significant. The mean total absorption of arsenic was calculated to be less than 5 g, and the maximal absorption about 20 g. These data indicate that the adverse effect of arsenic on the peripheral nerves is dependent on long-term exposure rather than on short-term fluctuations in exposure levels. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Complications associated with maxillary nerve block anaesthesia via the greater palatine canal

This paper documents the type, frequency and duration of complications associated with regional anaesthesia of the maxillary nerve via the greater palatine canal in a series of 101 patients treated in the Oral Surgery Department, United Dental Hospital of Sydney.     

硬膜外阻滞对高血压患者血压的影响

目的:比较未经正规治疗的高血压患者中位和低位硬膜外阻滞时对血压的影响。方法:有明确的高血压病史的急诊中上腹部手术麻醉病例42例(Ⅰ组)和下腹部手术麻醉病例47例(Ⅱ组),采用硬膜外阻滞后,比较手术时间、局麻药总量、麻醉后动脉血压下降的幅度和时相。结果:(Ⅰ组)手术历时62.3±17.8min,局麻药总量为利多卡因387.0±31.2mg,(Ⅱ组)手术历时56.8±14.9min,利多卡因总量366.7±30.1mg,均无显著差异。Ⅰ组硬膜外麻醉前平均动脉压为123.6±13.2mmHg,麻醉后最低的平均动脉压为69.5±10.0mmHg,出现最低平均动脉压的中位时间为26.3min,Ⅱ组麻醉前的平均动脉压为117.3±15.7mmHg,麻醉后最低平均动脉压为71.0±7.4mmHg,出现最低平均动脉压的中位时间为21.3min。两组在硬膜外阻滞后平均动脉压下降幅度及下降时间方面无显著差异。结论:未经很好控制的高血压患者硬膜外阻滞后均可引起血压急骤下降,低位硬膜外阻滞与中高位阻滞引起的血压下降幅度和时相相似。     

Cobalt-dependent potentiation of net inward current density in Helix aspersa neurons.

A low concentration of transition metal ions Co2+ and Ni2+ increases the inward current density in neurons from the land snail Helix aspersa. The currents were measured using a single electrode voltage-clamp/internal perfusion method under conditions in which the external Na+ was replaced by Tris+, the predominant external current carrying cation was Ca2+, and the internal perfusate contained 120 mM Cs+/0 K+; 30 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) was added externally to block K+ current. In the presence of Co2+ (3 mM) or Ni2+ (0.5 mM) inward Ca2+ currents were stimulated normally by voltage-dependent activation of Ca2+ channels. There was a 5-10% decrease in the rate of rise of the inward current. The principal effect of Co2+ and Ni2+ in increasing the current density seems to be a decrease in the rate at which the inward currents decline during a depolarizing voltage pulse. The results may be due to a decrease in a voltage-dependent or Ca(2+)-dependent outward current and/or an inhibition of Ca2+ channel inactivation. Outward current under these conditions (zero internal K+) was significant and most likely due to Cs+ efflux through the voltage-activated or Ca(2+)-activated nonspecific cation channels. Co2+ is an extremely effective blocker of this outward current. These results are not an artifact of internal perfusion or the special ionic conditions. Intracellular recording of unperfused neurons in normal Helix Ringer's solution showed that the Ca(2+)-dependent action potential duration was increased significantly by low concentrations of Co2+. This result is consistant with the Co(2+)-dependent increase in inward (depolarizing) current seen in voltage-clamp experiments.     

TOCP染毒母鸡的神经电生理研究

对TOCP染毒母鸡进行为期7周的神经电生理监测,结果表明,TOCP主要影响远端周围神经,导致坐骨神经远端MCV和SCV减慢及腓肠肌EMG失神经样改变,而胫后神经H反射及重复电刺激无明显异常。     

Intra-Hisian Block Associated with Unusual Etiologies

One hundred and sixty-nine patients underwent electrophysiologic study for atrioventricular block. Forty-five (27%) had intra-Hisian block. Four of these 45 patients had unusual etiologies: rheumatoid arthritis, cysticercosis cellulosae, Behcet's disease, and Takayasu aorto-arteritis. Their clinical and electrophysiologic features are described in detail.     

神经电生理检测对多灶性运动神经病诊断价值的初步研究

目的 探讨神经电生理检查在多灶性运动神经病(MMN)中的诊断价值。方法对16例MMN患者及16名健康对照进行运动神经传导速度和感觉神经传导速度检查，记录刺激引出的复合肌肉动作电位的波幅、波宽、面积、位相和时限，进行对比分析，判定是否有运动神经传导阻滞(CB)或暂时性离散(TD)，并有选择性地进行常规肌电图检查。结果16例患者均可见有一根以上运动神经或至少一根运动神经的一个以上部位出现CB或CD。其中13例双上肢正中神经，尺神经出现CB，3例以正中神经、尺神经的远端出现CB首发，随病情进展出现下肢腓深神经CB。仅有2例感觉神经传导速度稍有减慢，波幅略有降低。16例患者神经受累区域以下所支配肌肉肌电图检查见有神经源性损害。结论MMN是一种以远端神经受累为主的不对称性周围神经病，神经电生理检查对诊断和鉴别诊断．MMN起重要作用，CB是MMN的主要神经电生理表现。     

选择性上肢神经阻滞和静脉局部麻醉的进展

临床实践中，尽管臂丛神经阻滞可采用多种人路以满足上肢区域麻醉的需要，但有时仍需应用一些不常见的技术，如选择性上肢神经阻滞和静脉局部麻醉（IVRA），来阻滞非源自臂丛的神经或弥补臂丛神经阻滞不全。