用VITEK检测细菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶

目的 了解大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株的构成比及耐药特征.方法 用VITEK-32、GNI 卡、GNS卡进行菌种鉴定、ESBLs检测和药敏试验.结果 363株大肠埃希菌和178株肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs产生率分别为55.6%和20.8%;产ESBLs株对多种抗生素的耐药性明显高于非产ESBLs株;产ESBLs株对β-内酰胺类药物100.0%耐药;对碳青酶烯类药物100.0%敏感.结论 VITEK-32能快速完成大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的鉴定、ESBLs检测和药敏试验.     

Department of Etiology and Department of Pharmacology

INTRODUCTION　　 Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) is one of theimportant pathogens for infant diarrhoae and urinarytract infections in adults.The chemotherapy andchemoprophylaxis of EPEC infections by antibiotics arechallenged by the development of multi- resistant strainsand the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in vivo as aresult of gutflora dysfunction.Since late1980 s’,ithasbeen found that the infection of mammalian cells byEPEC occured in two steps:adhesion of bacteria to cells…     

氧化苦参碱对大肠埃希菌的体外药敏试验

目的：：观察氧化苦参碱对大肠埃希菌标准株的体外药敏情况。方法：采用二倍稀释法,用0.9%氯化钠注射液将苦参碱胶囊分别稀释为8000、4000、2000、1000、500、250、125、62.5 mg/L的药液,按药液：MH琼脂=1：9的比例分别配制含药培养基,每个浓度各3个,并设空白和0.9%氯化钠注射液组为对照。大肠埃希菌复苏后,配制菌液备用,接种环取菌液一环接种于各培养基内,置36℃的培养箱内,培养24 h,观察结果。结果：各个含药培养基大肠埃希菌生长良好,与对照组相比无明显差异。结论：氧化苦参碱对大肠埃希菌的生长无影响。     

家族性结肠息肉病保留全直肠肌鞘的意义与旋转剥离直肠粘膜的技巧

目的探讨家族性结肠息肉病（FPC）保留全直肠肌鞘的意义与旋转剥离直肠粘膜的技巧。方法分析23例家族性结肠息肉病患者采用离断肠系膜上动、静脉,全直肠肌鞘内回肠襞一肛管吻合术治疗的效果,并探讨旋转剥离直肠粘膜的技巧。结果23例FPC患者均完整剥离直肠粘膜,直肠肌鞘内不遗留残膜,无手术失败病例,无近期感染病例,无息肉复发,近期与远期疗效均满意。结论对FPC患者手术中实施旋转剥离直肠粘膜方法,可完整剥离直肠粘膜,保留全直肠肌鞘,从而就保存了储便排便的肌性器官及附着的骶神经丛,使患者术后大便正常,小便及性功能亦未受损伤,具有临床推广应用价值。     

重组E.coli. LLO/OVA明显增强小鼠CD11c细胞活性及抗肿瘤免疫

目的 探讨重组E.coli. LLO/OVA 诱导C57BL/6小鼠机体免疫的途径,观察其免疫后小鼠机体抑制B16-OVA黑色素瘤的效果.方法 磁珠分离E.coli. LLO/OVA及E.coli. OVA免疫后小鼠脾脏CD11c、CD4 和CD8 T细胞并检测CD11c细胞诱导同源CD4 和CD8 T增殖水平和细胞因子分泌程度;流式细胞检测小鼠脾脏内肿瘤抗原OVA257-264 SIINFEKL特异的细胞毒T细胞含量.比较两种E.coli. 免疫后,恶性黑色素瘤B16-OVA在小鼠肺内形成瘤结节的数量.结果 与E.coli. OVA相比, E.coli. LLO/OVA免疫后小鼠脾脏CD11c细胞诱导同源CD4 T细胞增殖作用增强、IL-2分泌增高;同时诱导CD8 T细胞增殖和IFN-γ分泌的作用也明显增强;OVA257-264 SIINFEKL特异的CD8 T细胞含量也明显增高;小鼠肺内形成B16-OVA瘤结节平均数明显减少. 结论 E.coli. LLO/OVA有效地诱导小鼠CD11c细胞活化,增强其对CD4 T细胞增殖和IL-2分泌以及对CD8 T细胞增殖、IFN-γ分泌的作用,诱导了更多的OVA特异的CD8 T细胞,使机体产生了更强的抗肿瘤免疫.     

大肠杆菌与毕赤酵母表达系统制备的Annexin32的抗凝血活性分析

目的：比较大肠杆菌与毕赤酵母表达系统制备的Annexin32对凝血时间及大鼠下腔静脉血栓形成的影响。方法：采用白陶土训分凝血活酶时间（KPTT）法体外检测凝血指标，并观察大鼠下腔静脉血栓形成情况。结果：两种表达体系制备的蛋白对KPTT有明显延长作用，且1mg/kg的蛋白均可显著抑制大鼠下腔静脉血栓形成。结论：两种表达体系制备的Annexin32均有抗凝血及抑制血栓形成的作用。     

Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Betalactamases (ESBL) in Dutch Hospitals

Summary The prevalence of ESBL was determined among isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 571) and Klebsiella spp. (n = 196) collected during a 1-week study period in 8 university and 3 large regional laboratories all over the Netherlands. 18 isolates were positive for at least one of the screening tests used, i.e., VITEK-ESBL, E-test ESBL and MIC ratio of ceftazidime/ceftazidime-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/cefotaxime-clavulanic acid. In 5 of these 18 putative ESBLs no betalactamase production was detectable. A TEM type was found in three E. coli and two Klebsiella spp. An SHV type was present in five Klebsiella spp. In one E. coli and one Klebsiella pneumoniae both enzymes were present. In one Klebsiella oxytoca neither of the two enzymes was present. Using PCR for both ESBL TEM and ESBL SHV, an SHV ESBL was found in one E. coli and four Klebsiella isolates. The mutations at position 238 and 240 were already described. In one E. coli isolate a TEM ESBL was found with three mutations, at position 21, 164 and 265. These mutations were already described in other ESBLs but not in this combination suggesting a new TEM ESBL. The overall prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. was less than 1% (6 out of 767). Received: December 14, 1998 · Accepted: September 19, 1999     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的分布及耐药分析

目的：探究产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的分布和耐药性。方法对2013年6月—2014年6月该院住院患者送检的标本进行培养,采用VITEK细菌鉴定与药敏分析系统行菌种鉴定和药敏分析,对产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布和耐药性进行分析。结果产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌主要从尿液45.94%、痰液85.29%中检出;产ESBLs菌对碳青霉烯类、阿米卡星等药物敏感性较高耐药率1.47%~22.19%。结论产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌主要引起泌尿道和下呼吸道感染,并对大部分常用抗菌药物耐药。     

ICU产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性分析

目的探讨医院重症监护病房产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性。方法采用BD Phoenix100全自动微生物分析仪对莒县中医医院重症监护病房产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行细菌鉴定和药物敏感试验。结果产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均呈现多重耐药,大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和阿米卡星的耐药率分别为1.8%、5.5%和20.0%,其余14种抗生素的耐药率在54.6%~100.0%;肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南无耐药现象,其余16种抗生素的耐药率在56.0%~100.0%。结论重症监护病房分离的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌多重耐药严重;同样是产ESBLs菌株,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对相同抗生素的敏感率明显不同。     

Treatment strategies for central nervous system infections: an update

Introduction: Central nervous system infection continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Our incomplete knowledge on the pathogenesis of how meningitis-causing pathogens cause CNS infection and emergence of antimicrobial resistance has contributed to the mortality and morbidity. An early empiric antibiotic treatment is critical for the management of patients with bacterial meningitis, but early recognition of bacterial meningitis continues to be a challenge.

Areas covered: This review gives an overview on current therapeutic strategies for CNS infection with a focus on recent literature since 2010 on bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency, requiring early recognition and treatment. The selection of appropriate empiric antimicrobial regimen, after incorporating the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis, impact of vaccination, emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, role of adjunctive therapy and the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of meningitis and associated neuronal injury are covered.

Expert opinion: Prompt treatment of bacterial meningitis with an appropriate antibiotic is essential. Optimal antimicrobial treatment of bacterial meningitis requires bactericidal agents able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, with efficacy in cerebrospinal fluid. Emergence of CNS-infecting pathogens with resistance to conventional antibiotics has been increasingly recognized, but development of new antibiotics has been limited. More complete understanding of the microbial and host factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis and associated neurologic sequelae is likely to help in developing new strategies for the prevention and therapy of bacterial meningitis.