Psychotherapy Borealis

In January 1987 the somatic health, psychiatric behaviour, and social adjustment of 23 chronic mental hospital patients at Ralambshov's Hospital, aged 18–45 years, were studied. Most of the patients were single schizophrenic men who had received an average of 7 years of mental hospital care. Most of the patients belonged to a low-income group but had adequate housing. The percentage of patients with working-class backgrounds was not greater than that in their immediate environment. Most members of the group, however, did have unstable family background and limited education and were socially isolated.     

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??Objective    To investigate the feasibility of the relatively close anode distance projection method in situations where patients?? who cannot accommodate or tolerate intraoral film placement??usually because of gagging or trismus??need a finely defined image of upper premolars and??or??molars. Methods    A new projection method??based on the theory that the image of the object closer to the X-ray source is blur??while that of the object closer to the film is clearer??was used. The relatively close anode distance projection uses an intraoral dental machine combined with 5 × 7 inch films. Results    Images showing all premolars and molars in one quadrant simultaneously were obtained. Upper premolars and molars were in the center of the image??below the ipsilateral maxillary sinus??above lower molars??posteroinferior to the magnified and blur contralateral posterior part of the ramus of mandible??and anterior to the cervical vertebra. Conclusion    It is usually??but not always??possible to achieve a finely defined image of the upper premolars and molars with minimal distortion and no overlying bony shadows??which is especially suitable for those with limitation of mouth opening. In addition??the relatively close anode distance technique is easy to master and convenient to be generalized.     

Negative cognitions in emotional problems following romantic relationship break‐ups

This study examined the role of negative cognitions in emotional problems following relationship dissolution. Seventy‐nine undergraduate students who experienced a relationship break‐up completed measures of break‐up related complicated grief, depression and anxiety, together with an adjusted version of the Grief Cognitions Questionnaire (GCQ) that assesses four types of global negative beliefs, negative cognitions about self‐blame and the responses of others, and three types of negative interpretations of one's own grief reactions. Results showed that all cognitive variables tapped by the GCQ were significantly associated with complicated grief, and—except for global beliefs about life—with depression and anxiety. Most of these associations remained significant when controlling for the influence of initiator status, variables linked with the ended relationship (e.g. duration) and personality factors (e.g. attachment anxiety, neuroticism). Catastrophic misinterpretations about one's own reactions, global negative beliefs about the self and cognitions reflecting self‐blame were the strongest cognitive correlates of break‐up related emotional problems. Overall, the findings are in keeping with cognitive models of trauma and loss, and suggest that changing negative cognitions could be a useful intervention for those who fail to recover from a relationship break‐up. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Y‐27632 simplifies the isolation procedure of human primary epidermal cells by selectively blocking focal adhesion of dermal cells

Primary skin epidermal cells isolation and in vitro expansion culture have been widely used for laboratory research and clinical applications. The conventional methods involving sequential enzymatic digestion of adult tissues have given low cell recovery rate and reduced cell viability. We report here an advanced method for human primary epidermal progenitor cells isolation from skin tissues including the Rho kinase inhibitor Y‐27632. Compared with traditional protocols, the current protocol is simple, easy, and faster; moreover, it gives a greater yield of integrin‐expressing epithelial stem cells. In addition, our new methodology does not require a separation of epidermis from dermis because the medium selectively blocks focal adhesion and growth of dermal cells. Importantly, the cells isolated from this method can maintain their regeneration potential and quickly reconstitute a mature human skin in vivo after grafting onto nude mice. In brief, we describe here a simple (one step) and serum‐free method for isolating primary epidermal stem cells from adult tissues. The isolated cells may be widely used for both laboratory studies and clinical application, especially in the field of tissue engineering and regeneration.     

中国内地首例甲型H1N1流感患者115例密切接触者医学观察分析

目的：通过对首例甲型H1N1流感密切接触者临床医学观察发现二代患者,为大规模临床医学观察积累经验和参考。方法：对首例甲型H1N1流感患者密切接触者115例的临床医学观察资料进行回顾性分析。结果：115例密切接触者中,有6人出现不同程度咽充血、咽部疼痛症状,其中1例为糖尿病患者、2例为高血压患者;1例左前臂疱疹,1例口腔溃疡,4例结膜充血;观察第3天1例出现精神抑郁,1例出现情绪激动;观察第4天2例多次要求提前解除隔离,多例关心何时解除隔离。七日医学观察期间115例密切接触者均无咽痛、咳嗽、鼻塞等症状,体温均正常,情绪稳定,未发现二代患者。结论：对甲型H1N1流感患者的密切接触者进行临床医学观察是必要的,有助于发现二代患者,疾控中心（CDC）采样与临床医学观察和心理干预的有效结合,给传染病医学观察提供宝贵的经验和有效的工作模式。     

Prevalence and risk factors for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in Karachi,Pakistan

Household contacts of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive patients are considered at increased risk of HCV infection. This cross-sectional study during April through June 1999 assessed the prevalence and risk behaviours associated with HCV seropositivity among the household contacts of HCV seropositive thalassaemic children in Karachi, Pakistan. Among the 341 household contacts of 86 thalassaemic HCV seropositive children who were tested, 70 (20.5%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. The stratified analysis showed that HCV seroprevalence among the contacts did not differ significantly by the gender of the index patient and the type of relationship of contact with the index patient. However, HCV seroprevalences among the fathers and mothers of male index patients was substantially higher compared to those of female index patients. HCV RNA was recovered and genotyped from nine index patients and corresponding nine HCV-seropositive household contacts. HCV genotype 3a and 3b were found in 89% (8/9) and 11% (1/9) of the pairs, respectively. The final multivariable conditional logistic regression model revealed that after adjusting for the effect of ethnicity and past hospital admission history, the HCV-seropositive household contacts were more likely than HCV seronegative household contacts to have been bitten by the carrier [adjusted matched odds ratio (mOR)=2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.2] or have shared a toothbrush with the carrier (adjusted mOR=8.2; 95% CI 1.56–43.5). Control efforts should focus on the risk behaviours.     

闭式引流合用甘露聚糖肽与顺铂治疗癌性胸腔积液

目的观察胸腔穿刺置深静脉导管引流合用甘露聚糖肽联用顺铂与单用顺铂治疗癌性胸腔积液的疗效和毒副反应。方法癌性胸腔积液住院患者60例,分为治疗、对照两组,各30例。用一次性中心静脉导管行胸腔穿刺置管引流胸液,分别经引流管胸腔内注入甘露聚糖肽、顺铂与单用顺铂治疗。结果治疗组有效率83.3%,明显优于对照组的53.3%,P〈0.05。结论胸腔穿刺置深静脉引流合用灌注甘露聚糖肽联用顺铂治疗癌性胸腔积液的疗效优于单用顺铂治疗。     

Accurate de novo structure prediction of large transmembrane protein domains using fragment-assembly and correlated mutation analysis

A new de novo protein structure prediction method for transmembrane proteins (FILM3) is described that is able to accurately predict the structures of large membrane proteins domains using an ensemble of two secondary structure prediction methods to guide fragment selection in combination with a scoring function based solely on correlated mutations detected in multiple sequence alignments. This approach has been validated by generating models for 28 membrane proteins with a diverse range of complex topologies and an average length of over 300 residues with results showing that TM-scores > 0.5 can be achieved in almost every case following refinement using MODELLER. In one of the most impressive results, a model of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide I was obtained with a TM-score > 0.75 and an rmsd of only 5.7 Å over all 514 residues. These results suggest that FILM3 could be applicable to a wide range of transmembrane proteins of as-yet-unknown 3D structure given sufficient homologous sequences.     

Predictive energy landscapes for protein–protein association

We investigate protein–protein association using the associative-memory, water-mediated, structure, and energy model (AWSEM), a coarse-grained protein folding model that has been optimized using energy-landscape theory. The potential was originally parameterized by enforcing a funneled nature for a database of dimeric interfaces but was later further optimized to create funneled folding landscapes for individual monomeric proteins. The ability of the model to predict interfaces was not tested previously. The present results show that simulated annealing of the model indeed is able to predict successfully the native interfaces of eight homodimers and four heterodimers, thus amounting to a flexible docking algorithm. We go on to address the relative importance of monomer geometry, flexibility, and nonnative intermonomeric contacts in the association process for the homodimers. Monomer surface geometry is found to be important in determining the binding interface, but it is insufficient. Using a uniform binding potential rather than the water-mediated potential results in sampling of misbound structures that are geometrically preferred but are nonetheless energetically disfavored by AWSEM, as well as in nature. Depending on the stability of the unbound monomers, nonnative contacts play different roles in the association process. For unstable monomers, thermodynamic states stabilized by nonnative interactions correspond to productive, on-pathway intermediates and can, therefore, catalyze binding through a fly-casting mechanism. For stable monomers, in contrast, states stabilized by nonnative interactions generally correspond to traps that impede binding.