Case of acute urinary retention as a result of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Abstract:   A 19-year-old woman presented at our hospital with acute urinary retention in September 2005. She had experienced the same chief complaint twice previously. She had used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before acute urinary retention. The results of physical examinations were unremarkable, and her neurologic signs were not remarkable. The basic laboratory test values were all normal and a psychiatric assessment indicated that her symptoms were not psychogenic. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out, but revealed only a slight bulging in the L3/L4/L5 disk. Water cystometry showed acontractile detrusor. We made a diagnosis of acute urinary retention as a result of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs because of her use of such drugs before the development of symptoms on multiple occasions. This patient was regularly followed up as an outpatient, and she could void smoothly in February 2006. This is the first report which acute urinary retention associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Japan.     

Chronic orchialgia: Consider gabapentin or nortriptyline before considering surgery

OBJECTIVE: To establish if there is a role for gabapentin or nortriptyline in the treatment of chronic orchialgia. METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive patients with chronic orchialgia were seen in the chronic pain clinic by a multidisciplinary team. A pain questionnaire was completed prior to commencing either gabapentin or nortriptyline. They were reviewed at 3 months and a repeat questionnaire completed. A 50% improvement in pain was considered successful. RESULTS: Complete data was available for 19 patients. Overall, 61.5% of patients commenced on gabapentin and 66.6% of patients commenced on nortriptyline had a greater than 50% improvement in pain. Patients with post-vasectomy testicular pain were considered as a subgroup. None of these patients had a greater than 50% improvement in pain. However, 80% of patients in the subgroup with idiopathic chronic orchialgia had a greater than 50% improvement in pain. CONCLUSION: Although this is a small study, it appears that gabapentin and nortriptyline are effective in the treatment of idiopathic chronic orchialgia but not post-vasectomy pain.     

Chronic acid ingestion promotes renal stone formation in rats treated with vitamin D3

OBJECTIVE: Although hypercalciuria, a well-established adverse effect of vitamin D3, can be a risk factor of renal stone formation, the risk of nephrolithiasis has not been well defined. The consumption of a diet high in acid precursors is often cited as a risk factor for the development of calcium-based kidney stones. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic acid ingestion on kidney stone formation in rats treated with calcitriol (1-25[OH]2 D3). METHODS: Control rats (C-C), calcitriol-treated rats (C-V; three treatments of 0.5 microg of calcitriol per week) and acid-ingested (water containing 0.21 mol/L NH4Cl), calcitriol-treated (three treatments of 0.5 microg of calcitriol per week) rats (A-V) were fed in metabolic cages. After 1 month, urine, blood, kidney and bone samples were analyzed. RESULTS: The A-V rats exhibited elevated serum calcium concentrations, urinary calcium and phosphate excretion, urinary type I collagen cross-linked N-peptide (NTx)/creatinine values, mRNA expression of osteopontin in the kidney, and renal calcium contents as well as decreased bone mineral densities, compared with the C-C and C-V rats. Urinary citrate excretion was lower and NaDC-1 mRNA expression in the kidney was higher in the A-V rats than in the C-C and C-V rats. Calcium phosphate kidney stones were found in the A-V rats. CONCLUSIONS: The ingestion of NH4Cl, an acid precursor, promotes calcium phosphate kidney stone formation in calcitriol-treated rats. The chronic intake of a diet rich in acid precursors may be a risk factor for the development of kidney stones in subjects who are being treated with calcitriol.     

A female case with Down syndrome and non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder

Although the prevalence of a learned voiding dysfunction and non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder (NNB), which is one type of dysfunctional elimination syndrome, is considered to be relatively rare, the association of NNB with Down syndrome (DS) has been elucidated in male patients. We herein describe the occurrence of NNB in an adult female with DS. The diagnosis was confirmed after completely ruling out any neurological or anatomical anomalies that could be related to a lower urinary tract dysfunction. She had renal dysfunction and multiple obstructive uropathies for which clean intermittent catheterization was successfully introduced.     

腰椎全板减压术后顽固下腰痛的原因分析

[目的]分析腰椎全板切除术后残留下腰痛的原因,指导选择合理的手术方法。[方法]回顾分析1996～2000年作者采用全椎板切除减压治疗的腰椎管狭窄症患者临床资料,69例获得5年以上随访的患者作为本组研究对象,使用日本骨科学会(JOA)标准对患者的神经功能和下腰痛程度进行评分,根据手术前后下腰痛程度的变化将病例分为无残存下腰痛(lowbackpain,LBP)组和残存LBP组,针对术前的临床和影像学参数,使用软件包SPSS13.0进行对数回归分析,确定术后残存下腰痛的临床预测因素,并对这些影响因素进行两组间比较和统计分析。[结果]术前腰椎前突角、腰椎活动度和手术减压范围与术后残存下腰痛密切相关。残存LBP组患者术前腰椎生理前突和活动度分别为(22.27°±3.12°)和(22.91°±2.31°),显著低于无残存LBP组患者的腰椎前突和活动度(37.23°±2.19°)和(31.66°±1.52°),P值分别为0.000和0.002;而残存LBP组的减压节段(2.77±0.19节)明显高于无残存LBP组(1.70±0.10节),P值为0.000。[结论]对于术前腰椎前突减小,腰椎活动度下降的椎管狭窄症患者单纯施行多节段的腰椎全板减压容易导致术后顽固性下腰痛的出现,应引起作者重视。     

自控止痛泵在疼痛治疗中的应用

介绍了自控止痛泵在临床各种类型疼痛病人治疗中的应用 ,研究了最佳给药途径、注药模式及常见的不良反应 ,为临床正确用药提供了帮助。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术不同压力CO2气腹对气腹存留时限及肩部疼痛的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)不同压力CO2气腹对气腹存留时限及肩部疼痛的影响,探讨LC术后气腹存留时限的影响因素及肩部疼痛的原因.方法 2002年4～10月连续观察69例LC,随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组23例.气腹压力设定A组10mm Hg,B组12mm Hg,C组14mm Hg.对69例LC术后进行连续胸部X线平片观察膈下游离气体,测量术后24h两侧膈下游离气体的长、高并计算残气量.采用视觉模拟评分(vision analogue score,VAS)观察3组术后1、3、6、12、24、48、72、96、120h肩部疼痛程度.结果 LC后气腹存留时限为(1.8±1.1)d,男女组气腹存留时限分别为(1.8±1.1)d和(1.7±1.0)d,2组比较无显著意义(H=0.013,P=0.911).3组术后24h膈下残气量及术后气腹存留时限差异无显著性(P＞0.05).逐步回归分析示lg(气腹存留时限)与术后24h膈下残气量呈正相关(r=0.616,P=0.006),与气腹时间呈负相关(r=-0.228,P=0.014),与年龄、体重、身高、手术时间及所用气体量无相关性.术后26例出现肩部疼痛,随着A、B、C 3组气腹压力的增高,发生肩部疼痛患者的VAS评分明显增高(F=9.635, P=0.000),术后24h肩部疼痛VAS评分与术后24 h右侧膈下残气量呈正相关(r=0.333,P=0.005),与气腹存留时限呈正相关(r=0.296,P=0.014).结论 LC术毕尽量将腹腔内CO2气体排净可缩短术后残气吸收时间.不同压力CO2气腹对LC术后残余的CO2气体量及气腹存留时限无明显影响.LC后肩部疼痛程度随气腹压增高有明显加重趋势,人工气腹引起膈肌的张力可能是造成肩部疼痛的重要原因.     

拉米夫定对慢性乙型肝炎的疗效及肝脏组织病理学改变

目的:从血清生化,病毒学,肝纤维化指标以及肝脏组织病理学改变的角度分析拉米夫定(LMD)治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效.方法:慢性乙型肝炎患者21例,给予口服LMD100 mg/d,连用1 a,动态观察服药0,24和48 wk肝功能、乙肝五项、HBV-DNA定量、血清肝纤维化指标透明质酸(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PⅢP)和Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)的变化,通过肝组织穿刺活检,观察用药前后肝脏组织病理学的改变.结果:LMD治疗48 wk,可显著抑制HBV-DNA(copy/L)复制(6.13×109±4.03×105 vs 9.01×105±4.89×103,P＜0.01),使大多数患者肝功能(nkat/L,ALT:1697±907 vs550±503;AST:1787±717 vs 498±430)恢复正常(P＜0.01),显著降低血清肝纤维化指标水平(P＜0.01).减轻肝细胞坏死,汇管区炎细胞浸润及纤维化.结论:LMD是治疗慢性乙型肝炎的一种较为切实有效的措施.     

芪黄益气汤煎剂治疗慢性前列腺炎的研究

目的探讨芪黄益气汤煎剂治疗慢性前列腺炎(CP)临床疗效。方法CP患者84例分为芪黄组42例予芪黄益气汤煎剂治疗,清化组42例予清热化瘀煎剂治疗。观察2组CP患者的前列腺液卵磷脂小体、白细胞数、pH值及临床症状的改善情况。结果临床观察芪黄组疗效优于清化组,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论以具有益气功效的中药组成的芪黄益气汤煎剂是治疗CP的有效方剂。