绒毛及合体滋养层细胞吲哚胺2,3-二氧化酶表达与流产的关系

目的:探讨人早孕绒毛组织吲哚胺2,3-二氧化酶(IDO)的表达与流产的关系。方法:RT-PCR测正常妊娠和难免流产绒毛组织及JAR细胞株IDOmRNA表达;免疫组化分析两组绒毛组织IDO蛋白质表达;Westernblot检测体外培养的合体滋养层细胞IDO蛋白质表达;高效液相色谱法检测细胞培养上清液中有无犬尿氨酸。结果:难免流产组绒毛组织IDOmRNA及蛋白质表达均低于正常组;JAR细胞株不表达IDOmRNA;合体滋养层细胞表达IDO蛋白质;合体滋养层细胞培养上清中有犬尿氨酸。结论:绒毛组织IDO正常表达是维持妊娠所必需;体外培养的人早孕绒毛合体滋养层细胞表达的IDO具有活性。     

人早孕绒毛组织的体外原代培养和人滋养细胞株的建立

目的:建立快速、有效的绒毛滋养细胞体外原代培养的方法以及建立人滋养细胞株和初步评价。方法:采用胰酶和胶原酶I混合消化法消化绒毛组织,用胰蛋白酶消化传代体外培养,通过光镜、透射电镜和免疫荧光激光共聚焦方法对培养出的细胞进行形态和骨架评价。结果:显微镜下可见细胞呈多边形,细胞平铺生长,有细胞融合后形成的合体滋养层细胞;透射电镜下可见细胞表面的微绒毛丰富;胞质丰富,内质网扩张明显,有丰富的糖原颗粒、髓样小体和明显的脂滴,以及细胞间紧密的桥粒样结构连接;直接免疫荧光双标记染色检测到角蛋白18和波形蛋白均为阳性。结论:采用胰酶和胶原酶I混合消化法可获得较纯的滋养细胞,通过光镜、透射电镜和免疫荧光激光共聚焦检测细胞外形和骨架,确定该体外传至56代的细胞株为滋养细胞株。     

对模拟多功能X线机的数字化升级

本文介绍通过更换百万像素CCD数字摄像机，产生LVDS标准的数字影像信号，被专业数字采集卡所采集后，用工作站进行图像的后处理形成真正的数字图像，来完成设备的数字化升级。     

Test Procedures for Disease Prevalence with Partially Validated Data

Investigating the prevalence of a disease is an important topic in medical studies. Such investigations are usually based on the classification results of a group of subjects according to whether they have the disease. To classify subjects, screening tests that are inexpensive and nonintrusive to the test subjects are frequently used to produce results in a timely manner. However, such screening tests may suffer from high levels of misclassification. Although it is often possible to design a gold-standard test or device that is not subject to misclassification, such devices are usually costly and time-consuming, and in some cases intrusive to the test subjects. As a compromise between these two approaches, it is possible to use data that are obtained by the method of double-sampling. In this article, we derive and investigate four test statistics for testing a hypothesis on disease prevalence with double-sampling data. The test statistics are implemented through both the asymptotic method suitable for large samples and approximate unconditional method suitable for small samples. Our simulation results show that the approximate unconditional method usually produces a more satisfactory empirical type I error rate and power than its asymptotic counterpart, especially for small to moderate sample sizes. The results also suggest that the score test and the Wald test based on an estimate of variance with parameters estimated under the null hypothesis outperform the others. An real example is used to illustrate the proposed methods.     

中国药品质量风险提示函机制态势分析

目的 为进一步完善中国药品抽检的质量风险提示函机制提供参考。方法 介绍中国药品质量风险提示函的情况和药品质量风险的新形势，借助SWOT方法分析提示函在新形势下的优势、劣势、机会和威胁，对提示函进行整体评价并提出完善建议。结果与结论 近年来，中国药品质量仍处于较高水平，安全形势总体平稳可控，但一般性风险仍然存在并具有不可消除性。提示函作为中国药监部门基于劝服优先的原则对一般性风险进行干预的行政措施，面临着诸多内部和外部的有利与不利因素，建议药品生产企业进一步加强提示函的利用，药检机构进一步提供技术支持，以及药监部门建立提示函的失效补救机制，对提示函进行不断加强和完善。     

氯米芬联合HCG对不孕症患者内分泌指标及子宫内膜容受性的影响

目的:探讨氯米芬联合人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)对不孕症患者内分泌指标及子宫内膜容受性(ER)的影响。方法:回顾性分析某院妇产科2018年11月~2019年11月接收的96例不孕症患者临床资料,将采用氯米芬联合HCG治疗的患者归为观察组(49例),将单独采用氯米芬治疗的患者归为对照组(47例),对比两组患者治疗前、治疗3个月内分泌指标、ER及卵巢体积变化情况以及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗3个月后,两组促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)及孕酮(P)水平均较治疗前高,且观察组FSH、LH、E_2及P水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗3个月后,两组子宫内膜厚度(Em)指标较治疗前上升,卵巢体积较治疗前缩小,且观察组Em指标较大,卵巢体积较小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:不孕症患者采用氯米芬联合HCG治疗效果良好,可有效改善内分泌指标,提升ER指标,且安全性较高,值得临床推广。     

Clinical application of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Fu Zi in Chinese) by traditional Chinese medicine physicians--A cross-sectional questionnaire survey in Beijing

ObjectiveTo investigate clinical application of aconite root (Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.; hereinafter “aconite”) by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physicians in TCM hospitals in Beijing and explore the specific use of aconite and the effect of different doses on decoction time.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using two-stage sampling. Questionnaires were administered among TCM physicians from TCM hospitals in Beijing between September 2020 and August 2021. The questionnaire mainly included general demographics, clinical backgrounds of TCM physicians, and clinical application of aconite. The data analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0.ResultsA total of 387 questionnaires were collected, of which 385 were valid. Of the 385 participating TCM physicians, 331 (85.97%) used aconite in clinical practice. The top three medical diagnoses treated with aconite were heart failure, diarrhea without cause, and chronic gastritis. The TCM pattern treated most frequently with a high dose of aconite was spleen-kidney yang deficiency, and the TCM pattern treated most frequently with a low dose was spleen yang deficiency, while spleen-kidney yang deficiency was treated most frequently with a common dose of aconite. The top three common formulas were Sini decoction, Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction, and Zhenwu decoction. Hei Shun Pian was the most common herbal pieces of aconite. The highest frequency of the maximum dose of aconite was 15 g, that of the minimum dose was 3 g, and that of the common dose was 10 g. There was a certain correlation between decoction time and the dose of aconite. Most TCM physicians advised their patients to take medicine twice a day.ConclusionIn this study, we refined and quantified the use of aconite and enriched the exploration of the clinical application of aconite besides its provisions in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.