扩散法采集环境空气中氨

目的探讨采集氨的新方法方法采用扩散法将空气中氨采集在磷酸—甘油浸渍的无纺布吸收层上。结果采样速率为（１３７．６±８．４）ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,与动力采样法现场对比测定,总不确定度为±１９．３％。结论采样器体积小、无噪声、操作方便,适于个体接触量与室内空气污染监测。     

妊娠早期妇女绒毛与蜕膜组织中P物质含量的测定

本实验应用放射免疫方法,测定了妊娠早期妇女绒毛与蜕膜组织中Ｐ物质（ＳｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅＰ,ｓｐ）的含量。结果提示,妊娠早期妇女绒毛与蜕膜组织中含有ＳＰ,绒毛组织中ＳＰ含量为（１３．５７±０．９４）ｐｇ／ｍｇ湿重组织,蜕膜组织中ＳＰ含量为（１３．８６±０．６５）ｐｇ／ｍｇ湿重组织,两组间比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。绒毛与蜕膜组织中含有ＳＰ的结果提示,ＳＰ在妊娠这一复杂的生理过程中也起重要作用。     

Placental tissue stem cells and their role in neonatal diseases

Neonatal diseases such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, diseases of prematurity and congenital disorders carry increased morbidity and mortality. Despite technological advancements, their incidence remains largely unabated. Stem cell (SC) interventions are novel therapies in the neonatal world. In pre-clinical models of neonatal diseases, SC applications have shown encouraging results. SC sources vary, with the bone marrow being the most utilized. However, the ability to harvest bone marrow SCs from neonates is limited. Placental-tissue derived SCs (PTSCs), provide an alternative and highly attractive source. Human placentas, the cornerstone of fetal survival, are abundant with such cells. Comparing to adult pools, PTSCs exhibit increased potency, decreased immunogenicity and stronger anti-inflammatory effects. Several types of PTSCs have been identified, with mesenchymal stem cells being the most utilized population. This review will focus on PTSCs and their pre-clinical and clinical applications in neonatology.     

自然排卵与注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素促排卵时阴道脱落细胞雌、孕激素受体的研究

目的：研究排卵期阴道脱落细胞的雌、孕激素受体。方法：自然排卵妇女、注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈｕｍａｎ ｃｈｏｒｉｏｎｉｃ ｇｏｎａｄｏｔｒｏｐｉｎ,ｈＣＧ）促排卵妇女排卵期阴道脱落细胞,应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ 法和图像分析技术进行雌激素受体（ｅｓｔｒｏｇｅｎｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,ＥＲ） 和孕激素受体（ｐｒｏｇｅｓｔｅｒｏｎｅｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,ＰＲ）的定位和定量研究。结果：两组组内排卵前、后阴道脱落细胞ＥＲ比较均无差异;注射ｈＣＧ 后阴道脱落细胞的ＥＲ在排卵前和排卵后均较自然排卵组有明显增高;自然排卵组ＰＲ在排卵后较之排卵前明显升高。结论：排卵前后阴道上皮细胞ＥＲ 无明显变化;ｈＣＧ可提高阴道上皮细胞ＥＲ 水平;排卵后阴道上皮细胞ＰＲ增加。     

郑州市4123名中学生吸烟状况调查

目的：了解郑州市中学生吸烟状况。方法：采用问卷法对６所中学４１２３名学生进行吸烟状况调查。结果：中学生总吸烟率为４５１６％（１８６２／４１２３）。其中,高中组吸烟率（５０４９％）高于初中组（３９４９％）,男生吸烟率（７０１９％）明显高于女生（３１５％）,且中学生吸烟的严重性随年龄的增加而增加;父母的文化程度、周围人群的吸烟情况与学生吸烟率有密切关系。结论：中学生吸烟问题较重,为保护中学生的身心健康应大力开展卫生宣教。     

Characterization of AUCs from Sparsely Sampled Populations in Toxicology Studies

Purpose. The objective of this work was to develop and validate blood sampling schemes for accurate AUC determination from a few samples (sparse sampling). This will enable AUC determination directly in toxicology studies, without the need to utilize a large number of animals. Methods. Sparse sampling schemes were developed using plasma concentration-time (Cp-t) data in rats from toxicokinetic (TK) studies with the antiepileptic felbamate (F) and the antihistamine loratadine (L); Cp-t data at 13–16 time-points (N = 4 or 5 rats/time-point) were available for F, L and its active circulating metabolite descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL). AUCs were determined using the full profile and from 5 investigator designated time-points termed critical time-points. Using the bootstrap (re-sampling) technique, 1000 AUCs were computed by sampling (N = 2 rats/point, with replacement) from the 4 or 5 rats at each critical point. The data were subsequently modeled using PCNONLIN, and the parameters (k_a, k_e, and V_d) were perturbed by different degrees to simulate pharmacokinetic (PK) changes that may occur during a toxicology study due to enzyme induction/inhibition, etc. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were performed with random noise (10 to 40%) applied to Cp-t and/or PK parameters to examine its impact on AUCs from sparse sampling. Results. The 5 time-points with 2 rats/point accurately and precisely estimated the AUC for F, L and DCL; the deviation from the full profile was ~10%, with a precision (%CV) of ~15%. Further, altered kinetics and random noise had minimal impact on AUCs from sparse sampling. Conclusions. Sparse sampling can accurately estimate AUCs and can be implemented in rodent toxicology studies to significantly reduce the number of animals for TK evaluations. The same principle is applicable to sparse sampling designs in other species used in safety assessments.     

Exposure to soluble barium compounds: an interventional study in arc welders

Summary Soluble barium (Ba) compounds are well-known toxicants. Intoxications are mainly known in an acute form from casual or suicidal oral ingestion. No scientifically based data are available on possible health effects of inhalative exposure to soluble Ba salts at the workplace. Therefore, we investigated 18 welders in an interventional study over 1 week. They performed welding of Ba-containing stick electrodes and self-shielded flux cored wires under conditions similar to real working conditions. The welding fumes contained 31%–37% Ba, more than 90% of which was soluble in acids. Without appropriate preventive measures, a high rate of measurements exceeded the TLV values for total welding fumes of 5 mg/m³ and for soluble Ba of 0.5 mg/m³. The median fume concentrations were 13.2 mg/m³ in stick electrode welding and 12.3 mg/m³ in flux cored wire welding. The median Ba concentrations were 4.4 and 2.0 mg/m³ respectively. An integrated exhaust system built into the gun proved to be efficient in flux cored wire welding. The internal exposure to Ba reached median urine levels up to 101.7 g/l (normal: below 20 g/l) and median plasma concentrations of up to 24.7 g/l (normal: below 8 g/l). No health impact on the welders could be proven, but hypokalemia may have occurred as a result of the Ba exposure.     

人早孕期蜕膜和绒毛外滋养层细胞的免疫组织化学研究

侵入蜕膜组织的绒毛外滋养层细胞在HE染色标本上不易辨认。我们用免疫组织化学,ABC法,过氧化物-抗过氧化物酶标记蜕膜组织中的hCG与hPL阳性细胞。结果证明,子宫内膜中只要有一个绒毛外滋养层细胞存在就能被显示出来。这对提高妊娠诊断,防止残留滋养层细胞的增生与恶性病变很有意义。我们在蜕膜组织中还发现3类胎盘激素阳性细胞:hCG阳性细胞,hPL阳性细胞及hCG与hPL均为阳性的细胞。这一发现,证明了蜕膜有内分泌功能。