导数光谱法测定复方氯霉素鱼肝油搽剂中氯霉素的含量

目的：建立复方氯霉素鱼肝油搽剂中氯霉素的含量测定方法。方法：采用一阶导数分光光度法不经分离直接测定氯霉素的含量，检测波长为278nm。结果：氯霉素在浓度为12-28μg／ml内呈线性范围，相关系数r=0．9999。浓度为12、20、28μg／ml的样品液，日内RSD分别为1．00％、1．11％和1．13％，日间RSD分别为1．35％、1．84％和1．67％。浓度为12、16、20、24μg／ml样品液的平均回收率分别为101．58％、99．9％、98．9％、101．13％，RSD值为1．21％。结论：本方法可消除其他组分的干扰，简便易行，适合医院制剂的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定氯氟滴眼剂中氯霉素和地塞米松磷酸钠的含量

目的 :建立高效液相色谱法同时测定氯氟滴眼剂中氯霉素和地塞米松磷酸钠的含量。方法 :流动相为甲醇 0 .34%磷酸二氢钾 (5 5∶5 0 ) ,流速 1mL·min-1,SpherisorbC18色谱柱 ,检测波长 2 4 0nm。结果 :氯霉素和地塞米松磷酸钠分别在 12 5～10 0 0mg·L-1(r =0 .9992 )、2 5～ 2 0 0mg·L-1(r =0 .9998)内线性关系良好。加样回收率分别为 (10 1.5± 1.93) %、(10 1.0±1.5 9) % (n =3)。日内RSD分别为 0 .6 3% ,0 .5 8% (n =5 ) ,日间RSD分别为 0 .99% ,0 .86 % (n =3)。结论 :该法简单、迅速 ,结果准确可靠。     

Prävention perioperativer Myokardischämien – ein Update

Perioperative cardiac morbidity and mortality are a major health care challenge with important individual as well as economic aspects. Up to 30% of all perioperative complications and up to 50% of all postoperative deaths are related to cardiac causes. Perioperative myocardial ischemia, which occurs in more than 40% of patients with or at risk for coronary artery disease and undergoing noncardiac surgery, represents a dynamic predictor of postoperative cardiac complications. Long-duration myocardial ischemia and ischemic episodes associated with myocardial cell damage are particularly of prognostic relevance. In patients suffering from this type of ischemia, the incidence of adverse cardiac outcome is increased up to 20-fold. Reducing the incidence of perioperative myocardial ischemia is associated with a decrease in adverse cardiac outcome. Important issues related to perioperative myocardial ischemia are hematocrit level, body temperature, and hemodynamic variables. In contrast, the choice of anesthetic agents and techniques appears to be less important. Perioperative administration of anti-ischemic drugs in patients at risk, however, leads to a further decrease in the incidence of myocardial ischemia and to an improvement in patient outcome. Recent studies suggest that alpha 2-agonists and particularly beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents are effective anti-ischemic drugs in the perioperative setting. Perioperative administration of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents in coronary risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery is associated with a reduced rate of postoperative cardiac complications and an improvement in long-term outcome. This is particularly relevant in high risk patients with preoperative stress-induced ischemic episodes. In clinical practice, therefore, chronically administered anti-ischemic drugs should also be administered on the day of surgery and during the postoperative period. In untreated patients with or at risk for coronary artery disease and who have to undergo urgent surgical procedures without the opportunity of preoperative anti-ischemic intervention, perioperative administration of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents is mandatory.     

副伤寒甲病例临床分析及药物疗效比较

目的评价3种抗菌药物治疗副伤寒甲沙门菌感染的效果.方法将90例确诊副伤寒甲病例随机分为3组,分别使用洛美沙星、头孢噻肟钠、氯霉素治疗2～3周,观察各项指标,比较疗效.结果洛美沙星退热快,副作用少,疗程短,再燃少;头孢噻肟钠起效也较快,但有再燃的情况;氯霉素价廉,但有再燃及白细胞减少等副作用.结论洛美沙星疗效好,适用于一般药物无效或有严重并发症的患者;头孢噻肟钠、氯霉素可与氨基糖苷类药如西索米星或庆大霉素联用,提高疗效.疗程不足,频频更换抗菌药会增加再燃机会.     

Convenient synthesis of D‐threo‐[dichloroacetyl 1–14C] chloramphenicol

A convenient synthesis of chloramphenicol labelled with carbon‐14 in the dichloroacetyl group at the 1 position is described. It was prepared as part of a 4‐step sequence from [1 ‐ ¹⁴C] glycine and the product was purified by preparative HPLC. A radiochemical yield of 47% was obtained based on [1 ‐ ¹⁴C] glycine and the product had a specific activity of 0.47 mCi/mmol. The procedure can be employed for the synthesis of high specific activity [¹⁴C] chloramphenicol, labelled at 1, 2 or both the positions of dichloroacetyl group. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cerebrospinal fluid indices in cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis: the spider web coagulum and its diagnostic significance

The differentiation between a chronic cryptococcal meningitis and a chronic tuberculous meningitis may cause problems for the clinician only if standard microbiological methods are not applied to the diagnosis of both infections. In a male non-AIDS patient (50 y), 11 years after a suggested diagnosis of "tuberculous meningitis", meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus was diagnosed and treated accordingly without success. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was never found. Because fibrin fibres of a spider web coagulum in the CSF resembled Aspergillus mycelium, the patient was then treated with amphotericin B + flucytosine. Finally, a mycological examination led to the true diagnosis: (1) In the CSF, resembling Aspergillus hyphae were found to be spider web coagulum fibres. (2) Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis based on the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF and its antigen in serum and CSF. - At post-mortem, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis was established as cause of death. Residual signs of tuberculosis could not be detected in the brain and the meninges. Common clinical similarities of cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis and the possibility of a double infection are discussed. A comparison of the presence of Cr. neoformans in the meninges of non-AIDS and AIDS patients is made. The formation of spider web coagulum in the CSF is discussed. Proposals for the diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis of cryptococcal meningitis are made.     

两种不同方法测定氯霉素二甲亚砜溶液中氯霉素含量

目的探讨氯霉素二甲亚砜溶液中氯霉素的含量测定方法。方法分别用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法和紫外分光光度（UV）法测定氯霉素二甲亚砜溶液中氯霉素含量,并对两种方法的测定结果进行比较。结果两种方法所测含量结果间没有显著性差异。结论两种方法都可以作为医院制剂含量测定方法,可将UV法用于制刺半成品含量控制而将HPLC法用于成品的含量控制,以缩短检验时间,保证制剂质量。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定复方参芷痤疮酊中甲硝唑和氯霉素含量

目的建立可同时测定复方参芷痤疮酊中甲硝唑和氯霉素含量的高效液相色谱（HPLC）法。方法采用Thermo BDS HypersilC18色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-0.05mol/LK2HPO4（26∶74）,检测波长为277nm,流速为1.0mL/min。结果甲硝唑进样量在79.28～951.36μg（r=0.9999）范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.80%,RSD=0.46%（n=6）;氯霉素进样量在82.88～994.56μg（r=0.9999）范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.60%,RSD=0.78%（n=6）。结论 HPLC法准确可行,重复性好,能有效控制复方参芷痤疮酊的质量。     

紫外分光光度法测定氯柳酊中氯霉素和水杨酸的含量

目的 :建立氯柳酊中氯霉素和水杨酸含量测定方法。方法 :采用紫外分光光度法 ,利用吸收度的加和性 ,不经分离直接进行含量测定。结果 :氯霉素的测定波长为 2 78nm ,平均回收率为 10 0 .75 % (RSD=0 .70 % ,n =5 ) ;水杨酸的测定波长为 2 30 nm,平均回收率为 99.4 8% (RSD=0 .2 9% ,n =5 )。结论 :本法简便、快速 ,结果准确。     

复方氯霉素凝胶的研制及质量控制

目的：制备复方氯霉素凝胶剂。方法：以氯霉素、己烯雌酚、硫酸锌为主药，卡泊姆为凝胶基质，制备复方氯霉素凝胶。用导数光谱法控制主药氯霉素的含量。结果：氯霉素的平均回收率为100．74％，RSD为0．29％。结论：该凝胶剂制备工艺简单，凝胶性质稳定，质量可控，可满足临床需求。