FAM19A4基因启动子甲基化检测在宫颈癌及其癌前病变筛查的研究

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。目前人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测及细胞学检查是宫颈癌及其癌前病变(CCPL)的主要筛查手段。由于上述传统筛查方法,仍然存在对CCPL漏诊的风险,因此寻找有效识别CCPL的特异性分子标志物,具有重要临床意义。对具有序列相似性家族19成员A4(FAM19A4)基因启动子甲基化定量检测,可有效检出CCPL组织,较传统筛查方法有较高特异度,有望成为CCPL筛查的特异性分子标志物。笔者拟就FAM19A4基因启动子甲基化定量检测,在CCPL筛查中应用的最新研究现状进行阐述,旨在为进一步推进CCPL筛查方法的开发,提供思路。     

中药对肾病综合征激素疗法副作用的疗效观察

目的 观察中药对肾病综合征时间、大剂量使用激素而产生诸多副作用的疗效。方法 将肾病综合征激素治疗病人随机分为两组,一组22例同时服用中药,并根据辩证施治选择不同方剂,治疗其副作用。另一组20例未用中药作为对照组。对两组的疗效进行对比观察。结果 治疗组对激素疗程的副作用治愈率、总有效率分别为68．8％、81．8％,显著高归于对照组的30％、35％（P＜0．05）。结论 对肾病综合征正规激素疗程中易产生各种副作用,各药辩证施治,能有效地治疗其副作用。     

颈上交感神经节和单涎酸神经节苷脂联合移植抗帕金森病的实验研究

目的：观察颈上交感神经节（SCG）和单涎酸神经节苷酯（GM1）联合植入帕金森病（PD）大鼠脑内的抗PD效果及移植物的存活情况。方法：将用酶消化法制成的同种大鼠SCG细胞悬液和GM1立体定向植入PD大鼠损毁侧尾壳核内,比较单纯细胞移植组,联合移植组,上清液组和非移植组间及移植前,后诱发旋转行为的变化,移植6个月后移植区行组织学检查（HE,TH染色）。结果：两个实验组中的PD大鼠移植后的旋转行为较移植前和对照组明显改善,其中尤以联合移植组的旋转行为减少最为明显,而两个对照组的改善不明显,脑切片组织学观察可见实验组移植区内有存活良好的TH阳性细胞,联合移植组中的阳性细胞数目明显多于单纯细胞移植组。结论：1．GM1可提高SCG细胞在受体脑内的存活率,2．同种成年大鼠SCG细胞植入PD大鼠脑内可以存活,并可纠正PD大鼠的异常旋转行为。     

脊髓型颈椎病前路减压椎间隔合器临床应用

目的：探讨脊髓型颈椎病（CSM）前路减压、颈椎空心螺纹内固定器（CHTF）椎间融合,代替传统的前路减压,植骨融合的方法。方法：对18例CMS采用环锯减压再潜行扩大减压,植入CHTF无磁性医用钛合金突心螺纹内固定器椎间融合,随访疗效,进行分析,结果：植入CHTF术后随访6个月至1年,症状改善明显,稳定性好,生理曲度恢复达正常,无椎间隙高度丢失,无CHTF滑脱、移位。术后平均4．5个月椎间隙融合。     

Risk Factor Analysis of Facet Fusion Following Cervical Lateral Mass Screw Fixation with a Minimum 1-Year Follow-up: Assessment of Maximal Insertional Screw Torque and Incidence of Loosening

Posterior stabilization is a common surgical procedure, which aims for rigid stabilization by facet fusion. Facet non-union has a potential risk of the screw loosening and malalignment. Although some authors have reported the influencing factors about screw loosening in the lumbar spine, there are few reports about the risk factor contributing to the facet non-union in the cervical spine. In all, 22 patients (78 facets and 122 screws) with degenerative cervical kyphosis or spondylolisthesis who underwent decompression and lateral mass screw (LMS) fixation were analyzed. Age, gender, smoking, bone mineral density (BMD), the degree of facet decortication with bone packing, and screw loosening were investigated as risk factors contributing to the facet non-union at each segmental fused level. Facet fusion rate was 85.9% (67/78 facets) and the incidence of loosening was 4.9% (6/122 screws, 4 patients). Insufficient facet decortication with bone packing is a significant risk factor of facet non-union (p <0.05, odds ratio: 26.5). All six loosened screws were associated with bony non-union of the facet and were located in the uppermost or lowermost vertebrae. Comparing loosened screws and stable screws, the average maximal insertional screw torque (MIT) was 9.8 cNm and 39.5 cNm, respectively (p <0.05). Additionally, the length of the stable screws was significantly longer versus the loosened screws (p <0.05). Lower MIT and shorter screw length located near the ends of the lateral mass may predict loosening, which can lead to facet non-union. Sufficient facet decortication with bone packing is one of the important factors contributing to the facet fusion.     

Management of Neglected Upper Cervical Spine Injuries

BackgroundInjuries involving upper cervical spine are serious and fatal injuries which are associated with alteration of normal occipital–cervical anatomy. These injuries may result in permanent neurologic deficits or neck deformity if not treated in a timely and appropriate manner.ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of neglected upper cervical spine injuries treated by various methods.Study designRetrospective study.Materials and methodsTwelve patients attending ER or OPD with a history of neck trauma and who were diagnosed with fractures and fracture dislocations C1 and C2 were included in the study. Fresh injuries sustained within a week were excluded from study. The outcomes were measured in terms of improvement in VAS, ODI Scores and correction of the neck deformity. Surgical parameters like duration of surgery and blood loss were also observed.ResultsEleven males and one female. The mean age was 40.9 ± 16.9 (07–67 years). Eleven patients underwent posterior instrumentation, while one patient was treated anteriorly. The mean delay in presentation was 28 ± 8.67 days (15–42 days). The mean duration of surgery was 188.3 ± 34.35 min (120–240 min), average blood loss was 350 ± 111.8 ml (150–600 ml). The mean VAS improved from 8.45 ± 0.89 to 3.9 ± 0.51 (p < 0.05). The mean ODI Pre-operatively was 88.45 ± 5.89 which improved to 31.9 ± 4.01 (p < 0.05). The neck deformity/torticollis was corrected in all the patients.ConclusionsNeglected upper cervical spine injuries are difficult to treat and a posterior approach is helpful in reducing the subluxations indirectly and to obtain a posterior fusion.     

新型枢椎椎板钉导向器的应用研究

目的:通过体外试验探讨新型枢椎椎板钉导向器的安全性及准确性。方法:选取2018年1月至2018年6月行颈椎三维CT的患者40例,男21例,女19例;身高165～180(172.9±9.5) cm,年龄38～55(51.1±12.8)岁,排除枢椎椎板缺损及发育不全患者。每例患者的颈椎三维CT数据制作两套3D打印标本,共80个颈椎标本,均用于体外置钉试验。根据置钉方式的不同,体外试验部分分为导向器置钉组40个和徒手置钉组40个。同时,在计算机上重建出该40例患者的颈椎三维模型,通过计算机模拟置钉,得到理想出针点数据与理想内倾角度,此为3D模拟置钉组(理想钉道),40例。在体外试验中,分别测量导向器置钉组、徒手置钉组置入螺钉的位置危险等级、出针点位置及内倾角度。并以出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度为基准,将导向器置钉组、徒手置钉组与3D模拟置钉组数据对比,并将各组数据行统计学分析以确定准确性。结果:导向组螺钉位置可接受的为75例,位置危险的为5例,可接受率为94%,双皮质率为93%。徒手组螺钉位置可接受为62例,位置危险为18例,可接受率为78%,双皮质率33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。导向器置钉组与3D模拟置钉组的出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),徒手置钉组与3D模拟置钉组出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:本导向器为通用型,结构稳定,导向精确,操作简便,可同时置入双侧椎板钉,缩短置钉时间,同时可有效避免双向交叉螺钉的碰撞,增加双皮质率,有效提高枢椎椎板钉置钉的效率和安全性。     

超声诊断宫腔粘连临床应用进展

宫腔粘连(IUA)是妇科常见病,严重危害女性健康。超声可清晰显示子宫内膜、宫腔形态及血流变化,为IUA诊断和治疗提供直观影像学依据。本文对超声在IUA中的应用进展进行综述。     

贵阳市高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解贵阳市高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛情况,为高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛方面的医疗卫生服务提供参考依据。 方法 采取单纯随机抽样方法抽出7所公办本科高校,再整群随机抽取部分学院的教师,采用问卷对抽中的教师进行面对面调查。 结果 共调查963名高校教师,检出颈椎慢性疼痛患者360例,颈椎慢性疼痛患病率37.4%。男性患病率为29.9%,女性患病率为42.9%,女性患病率高于男性（〖XC五号.EPSP〗=16.927,P<0.001）。高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛患者的平均疼痛时间3年,女性较男性疼痛时间要长（Z=-2.936,P=0.003）;疼痛最主要类型为酸、胀痛。颈椎疼痛对80%以上的高校教师的日常、睡眠、心情都有轻度以上的影响。多因素分析结果显示,伏案时间（OR=1.247,95%CI:1.035~1.502）和每周运动天数较少:<1天（OR=2.808,95%CI:1.859~4.243）、1~2天（OR=1.750,95%CI:1.207~2.537）、3~4天（OR=1.636,95%CI:1.133~2.363）是高校教师患颈椎慢性疼痛的独立危险因素。 结论 贵阳市高校教师群体颈椎慢性疼痛患病率较高、呈年轻化趋势,疼痛病史较长,女性较男性严重;颈椎慢性疼痛影响患者的睡眠和心情。应关注高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛的防控。