a-1, 2岩藻糖基转移酶II在肺鳞癌组织中的表达及对肺鳞癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨a-1，2岩藻糖基转移酶II（FUT2）在肺鳞癌中的表达情况及其对肺鳞癌细胞增殖的影响。方法：应用UALCAN数据库分析FUT2在临床肺鳞癌患者组织中的差异表达及其与肺鳞癌患者临床TNM分期、年龄及性别因素的相关性；采用瞬时转染技术，将FUT2的shRNA质粒转染进H226细胞株中构建FUT2低表达的肺鳞癌细胞模型；利用CCK-8、平板克隆及Western blot实验检测FUT2对肺鳞癌细胞的生长、单克隆细胞团形成及PCNA蛋白表达的影响。结果：FUT2在肺鳞癌尤其是肺鳞癌TNM早中期呈现高表达趋势（P＜0.05），而与年龄和性别无关。低表达FUT2可以抑制肺鳞癌细胞的生长速率和单克隆细胞团的形成数，同时，可以抑制肺鳞癌细胞PCNA蛋白的表达水平，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：FUT2在肺鳞癌中高表达且促进肺鳞癌细胞的增殖能力，有望成为肺鳞癌的早期诊断指标。     

Mortality,length of stay and costs associated with acute graft-versus-host disease during hospitalization for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a common and life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The extent to which aGVHD increases inpatient costs associated with allo-HSCT has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this analysis, mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs associated with aGVHD during allo-HSCT admissions are evaluated.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of discharge records from the National Inpatient Sample database for patients receiving allo-HSCT between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013. Allo-HSCT discharges with an aGVHD diagnosis were included in the aGVHD group and those without any graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) diagnosis comprised the non-GVHD group. Mortality, LOS and costs were compared between the two groups, as well as within subgroups, including age (<18 vs. ≥18 years) and survival status (alive vs. deceased) at discharge.

Results: Overall, mortality (16.2% vs. 5.3%; p?<?.01), median hospital LOS (42.0 vs. 26.0 days; p?<?.01) and median total costs ($173,144 vs. $98,982; p?<?.01) were significantly increased in patients with aGVHD versus those without GVHD during hospitalizations for allo-HSCT, irrespective of age group. Patients with aGVHD who were <18 years of age had a lower mortality rate but greater hospital LOS and total costs versus patients aged ≥18 years. Patients who died during allo-HSCT hospitalization had longer LOS and incurred greater costs than those who survived in both the aGVHD and non-GVHD groups.

Conclusion: Occurrence of aGVHD during allo-HSCT admissions resulted in a tripling of the mortality rate and a near doubling of hospital LOS and total costs. In addition, death during allo-HSCT hospitalizations was associated with greater healthcare utilization and costs. Effectively mitigating aGVHD may improve survival and substantially reduce hospital LOS and costs for allo-HSCT.     

Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Established Entities from Morphology to Molecular Genetics

According to the current World Health Organization (WHO), renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) that primarily affect adults are classified into 8 major subtypes. Additional emerging entities in renal neoplasia have also been recently recognized and these are discussed in further detail by Mehra et al (Emerging Entities in Renal Neoplasia, Surgical Pathology Clinics, 2015, Volume 8, Issue 4). In most cases, the diagnosis of a RCC subtype can be based on morphologic criteria, but in some circumstances the use of ancillary studies can aid in the diagnosis. This review discusses the morphologic, genetic, and molecular findings in RCCs previously recognized by the WHO, and provides clues to distinction from each other and some of the newer subtypes of RCC. As prognosis and therapeutic options vary for the different subtypes of RCC, accurate pathologic distinction is critical for patient care.     

Heteroepitaxy of Cerium Oxide Thin Films on Cu(111)

An important part of fundamental research in catalysis is based on theoretical and modeling foundations which are closely connected with studies of single-crystalline catalyst surfaces. These so-called model catalysts are often prepared in the form of epitaxial thin films, and characterized using advanced material characterization techniques. This concept provides the fundamental understanding and the knowledge base needed to tailor the design of new heterogeneous catalysts with improved catalytic properties. The present contribution is devoted to development of a model catalyst system of CeO₂ (ceria) on the Cu(111) substrate. We propose ways to experimentally characterize and control important parameters of the model catalyst—the coverage of the ceria layer, the influence of the Cu substrate, and the density of surface defects on ceria, particularly the density of step edges and the density and the ordering of the oxygen vacancies. The large spectrum of controlled parameters makes ceria on Cu(111) an interesting alternative to a more common model system ceria on Ru(0001) that has served numerous catalysis studies, mainly as a support for metal clusters.