舟骨及月骨的滋养孔观察

利用50副完整成人骨骼标本观察100例舟骨及月骨的滋养孔情况;发现舟骨滋养孔最多集中在其腰部的背面,其次是在腰部的掌面,舟骨结节上也存有滋养孔存在,滋养孔平均最多数是在其腰部的中间部、月骨滋养孔最多处在其背面的远侧部,滋养孔最少处是在其背面的近侧部.     

The midline suboccipital subtonsillar approach to the hypoglossal canal: surgical anatomy and clinical application

Summary Primary lesions of the hypoglossal canal, such as hypoglossal schwannomas, are rare. No consensus exists with regard to the surgical approach of choice for treatment of these lesions. Usually, lateral transcondylar approaches have been used. The authors describe the surgical anatomy of the midline subtonsillar approach to the hypoglossal canal. This approach includes a midline suboccipital craniotomy, dorsal opening of the foramen magnum and elevation of ipsilateral cerebellar tonsil to expose the hypoglossal nerve and its canal. The midline subtonsillar approach permits a straight primary intradural view to the hypoglossal canal. There is no necessity of condylar resections. The surgical anatomy of the subtonsillar approach is described and illustrated by an example of a case.     

Differentiating imaging findings in primary and secondary tumors of the jugular foramen

The preoperative diagnosis of a jugular foramen tumor may be challenging, since a large variety of unusual lesions may be located in this region. These tumors may be classified as primary lesions (which are located in the jugular foramen or extend from the jugular foramen into the surrounding structures) and as secondary lesions (that extend from the surrounding structures into the jugular foramen). Primary tumors include glomus jugulare tumors, schwannomas, meningiomas and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors, while secondary tumors comprise chordomas, chondrosarcomas, chondroblastomas, giant-cell tumors, cholesterol granulomas, giant cholesterol cyst, endolymphatic sac tumors, reactive myofibroblastic tumors, temporal bone carcinomas and metastases. Accurate preoperative radiological suspicion is of great value for preoperative patient counseling and has a direct impact on the surgical planning in these cases. The present study describes and discusses the main differentiating imaging features of lesions involving the jugular foramen, whose accurate preoperative radiological evaluation is essential for proper surgical planning.Commentaries on this paper are available at and     

神经根型颈椎病椎间孔内神经根受压的原因分析及减压方式选择

目的:分析神经根型颈椎病患者椎间孔内神经根受压的原因,选择合理的减压方式。方法 :2010年1月~2013年8月,我院共收治神经根型颈椎病患者178例,其中56例为椎间孔内神经根受压所致的单侧神经根型颈椎病,术前VAS评分为8.99±1.01分(7~10分);颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)为41.15±7.12分(37~49分)。根据术前影像学资料判断椎间孔内神经根受压的原因分为3组:单纯椎间盘压迫,14例(A组);单纯骨性压迫,22例(B组);混合压迫(椎间盘+骨性压迫),20例(C组)。A组切除椎间盘至钩椎关节,适当扩大椎间孔,取出突出髓核;B、C组切除椎间盘至钩椎关节后,将钩突基底部内侧磨平,充分显露钩突后部、上位椎体后下角及钩椎关节间隙,刮除上位椎体后下角及部分增生的钩突。减压后均行椎间植骨内固定。使用Surgimap软件测量患者术前颈椎双斜位X线片上病变节段的双侧椎间孔面积,将健侧与患侧的椎间孔面积进行对比。比较3组患者术前及末次随访时VAS评分和NDI,同时比较3组的手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间。结果:3组患者术前健侧椎间孔面积无显著性差异(P0.05),B组和C组的患侧椎间孔面积均较A组明显狭窄(P0.05);B组和C组无显著性差异(P0.05);B组和C组的患侧椎间孔面积均较各自的对侧椎间孔面积明显狭窄(P0.05);而A组患侧椎间孔面积较对侧无明显狭窄(P0.05)。3组患者均顺利完成手术,B、C组与A组相比术中出血量较多,手术时间和术后住院天数较长(P0.05);B组与C组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。术后3组患者均无神经症状加重、感染及脑脊液漏等并发症发生。56例患者均获得随访,随访时间27.2±8.9个月(12~52个月),3组术前VAS评分和NDI比较无显著性差异(P0.05),末次随访时亦无显著性差异(P0.05);3组末次随访时与术前比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:术前根据影像学资料分析神经根型颈椎病患者椎间孔内神经根受压的原因,进行针对性的减压手术可取得良好效果。     

联合上颈段经颈静脉孔区入路的显微解剖学研究

目的 研究颈静脉孔区(JF)入路的显微解剖,利用该入路一期切除颅内外沟通型复杂病变.方法 成人尸头标本15例(30侧),在手术显微镜下进行联合上颈段经JF区入路的解剖操作,测量相关数据.结果 对C1～C4上颈段解剖,切除C1横突,游离椎动脉C1～C2段及水平段;充分切除颈静脉结节、颈静脉突及部分枕骨髁;迷路后切除乳突,显露半规管,轮廓化面神经垂直段,全程暴露乙状窦,打开颈静脉孔;扩大了JF区的显露并测得相关参数,如乳突尖间距枕髁外缘中点为(29.65±3.24)mm;枕髁后缘距舌下神经管内口为(10.10±0.81)mm;颈静脉球距面神经垂直段间距左为(6.8±0.35)mm,右为(4.6±0.33)mm.结论 此入路从多个方向对JF区充分暴露,使面神经、耳蜗、椎动脉、后组脑神经等结构得到保护,术中结合相关解剖参数可很好的完成一期全切JF区颅内外沟通型及延伸到上颈位的病变,提高治愈率、减少并发症、降低死亡率.     

极外侧腰椎间盘突出的CT诊断

目的：腰椎间盘突出症患者术前根性损害的定位错误直接关系手术效果，方法：在分例诊断为极外侧腰椎间盘突出手术治疗的病例中，术前８例采用了ＣＴ椎间隙切层扫描或椎间隙切层加椎体切层扫描，并作了影像学特征比较，结果：ＣＴ扫描示椎间肋突条形或椭圆形向椎间孔内或椎间孔内外侧突出，椎管内神经根，硬膜囊和脂肪垫之间关系在多正常，椎间隙上缘或上缘４－５ｍｍ切层最易发现椎间孔外侧椎间盘突出，结论：ＣＴ检查具无创和定位准     

颈静脉孔区哑铃型肿瘤的显微手术治疗

目的总结显微手术切除颈静脉孔（JF）区哑铃型肿瘤经验。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年6月收治的7例JF区哑铃型肿瘤患者的临床资料。5例I型肿瘤（累及第二颈椎以上咽旁问隙）采用远外侧经枕髁旁颈静脉突（FLTJP）＋经第一颈椎横突入路,2例II型肿瘤（累及第三颈椎或其以下咽旁间隙）采用FLTJP＋经颈动脉鞘入路。结果本组病例神经鞘瘤5例、脑膜瘤2例。6例肿瘤全切,1例次全切,无手术死亡病例。术后新发面神经损害1例,3例一过性后组颅神经损害加重。术后随访6～32月（平均16．5月）,所有患者后组颅神经功能好转,肿瘤全切者无复发,次全切者无进展。结论颅颈部联合FLTJP入路是处理JF区哑铃型肿瘤的理想人路,手术存在加重术前颅神经损害的风险,但多为一过性。     

Reversible cochleo-vestibular deficits in two cases of jugular foramen tumor after surgery

Primary jugular foramen (JF) tumor, such as glomus jugular tumor or JF schwannoma, may manifest as a lower cranial nerve deficit; in addition, it can be accompanied by deafness or vertigo if it affects the cranial nerve (CN) VIII. Recently, we encountered JF schwannoma 1 and glomus jugulare tumor 1. Both cases invaded the adjacent cerebellopontine angle, leading to cochleo-vestibular deficits prior to the operation. After surgery, recovery of the audiovestibular function, including hearing, auditory brainstem response and caloric response, was anticipated in both patients. Therefore, cochleo-vestibular deficits in JF tumors can be attributed to compression neuropathy, rather than tumor infiltration.     

经颅多普勒增强实验结合经食管超声鉴别肺动静脉瘘与卵圆孔未闭所致隐源性卒中的研究

目的 探讨经颅多普勒增强实验（contrast transcranial Doppler,cTCD）结合经食管超声（transesophageal echocardiography,TEE）对于鉴别肺动静脉瘘（pulmonary arteriovenous fistula,PAVF）与卵圆孔未闭 （patent foramen ovale,PFO）所致隐源性卒中的意义。 方法 收集4例隐源性卒中患者（PAVF组2例,PFO组2例）的临床资料,行cTCD、TEE检查,比较两组的 检查结果差异。 结果 PAVF组cTCD结果显示患者平静呼吸时即见雨帘样栓子信号,Valsalva动作（Valsalva maneuver, VM）后栓子数量变化不明显;TEE彩色多普勒（color Doppler flow image,CDFI）未见异常,右心声学造 影VM后5个心动周期左房内肺静脉开口处见大量微泡。PFO组cTCD结果显示,一例平静呼吸时可见4 个栓子,VM后雨帘样栓子信号,VM作用消失后第40个心动周期有2个栓子信号。一例平静呼吸时无 栓子信号,VM后可见>50个栓子信号,VM作用消失后无栓子信号。TEECDFI示原发隔继发隔间裂隙左 向右过隔血流,右心声学造影VM后2～3个心动周期卵圆孔附近的左心房内见数个微气泡。 结论 cTCD结合TEE鉴别诊断PFO和PAVF敏感性高,易于操作。二者主要鉴别点在于cTCD平静呼吸时 是否出现大量栓子及是否受VM影响。     

偏头痛患者伴发心脏卵圆孔未闭脑血管反应性研究

目的探讨心脏卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)与偏头痛的相关性,以及偏头痛伴发PFO患者的脑血管反应性差异。方法利用经颅多普勒超声声学造影(contrast transcranial Doppler,cTCD)及经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler,TCD)屏气实验检查,对照分析西安交通大学第一附属医院神经内科2013-03-2013-10 62例偏头痛患者与43例正常志愿者,伴发PFO结果和脑血管反应性。结果偏头痛组PFO阳性率明显高于正常对照组(51.61%vs 27.91%,P=0.015),PFO阳性的偏头痛患者头痛侧大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)屏气指数(breath holding index,BHI)值明显低于PFO阴性患者(0.82±0.58vs 1.34±0.72,P=0.013)。结果偏头痛与PFO共患率高,偏头痛伴发PFO患者头痛侧脑血管反应性降低。