应用免疫组化技术检测胃癌组织p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因表达产物及其临床意义

目的：为探讨胃癌组织p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23联合基因表达产物对胃癌诊断与治疗方面的价值。方法：应用免疫组化技术检测了手术切除胃癌组织p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因产物表达。结果：p53蛋白表达阳性率37．6％-46．2％，c-erbB-2为34．6％-56．8％，p21为37．8％。61．5％，nm23为30．8％-70．3％；非胃癌组织(胃、十二指肠溃疡、胃息肉、重度不典型增生)未见c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因表达。c-erbB-2、p21的表达与胃癌的分化程度有关，p21、nm23基因表达与肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤转移程度有关。p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23四种肿瘤蛋白在胃镜活检标本和手术切除标本中表达是一致的，无显著性差异。结论：对胃癌组织检测p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因表达产物在胃部的良恶性肿瘤鉴别、非手术临床分期的判断及指导胃癌的临床诊断与治疗等方面具有一定价值。     

Recognition of a novel naturally processed, A2 restricted, HCV-NS4 epitope triggers IFN-gamma release in absence of detectable cytopathicity

Using short term CTL lines derived from HLA A2/K^b transgenic mice and IFN-gamma release assays we demonstrate that the NS4.1769 epitope, is generated from natural processing of the NS4 antigen, and presented in the context of the A2/K^b molecules. Interestingly, T cell recognition of the naturally processed form of the NS4.1769 epitope was associated with significant IFN-gamma release, but no direct cytolytic activity. Epitopes of this phenotype might be of interest, in terms of therapy of chronic HCV infection by associating the benefit of localized lymphokine release with low or absent direct cytopathicity.     

Grading score system: A method for evaluation of the degree of senescence in Senescence Accelerated Mouse (SAM)

For evaluation of the degree of senescence in SAM-P, accelerated senescence prone mouse, formerly called SAM or prone series or P-series, consisting of SAM-P/1, SAM-P/2, SAM-P/3 and SAM-P/4 corresponding to P-1, P-2, P-3 and P-4 series, respectively, in the previous reports, and in SAM-R, accelerated senescence resistant mouse, formerly called resistant series or R-series, consisting of SAM-R/1, SAM-R/2 and SAM-R/3 corresponding to R-1, R-2 and R-3 series, respectively, in the previous reports, the grading score system was adopted. The items to be examined in this system include 11 categories selected from the clinical signs and gross lesions considered to be associated with the aging process. The degree of the senescence in each category was graded from 0 to 4 according to the detailed criteria devised in our laboratory. After 8 months of age each mouse was examined every 4 months, and some of the mice were examined after 2 months of age.In almost all categories, the grading score and incidence began to increase from 4 or 6 months of age and continued to increase with advancing age in both SAM-P and SAM-R. The increase, however, was more marked in SAM-P than in SAM-R. The slow but steady increase in the SAM-R levelled out at 24 months of age and was comparable to that of 12 months of age in SAM-P. In both SAM-P/1 at 8 months of age and SAM-R/2 at 12 months of age, there was a significant reverse correlation between total score of this grading score system and length of residual life after examination.Systematic and extensive studies using the grading score system showed that if the validity of the system is, based on “irreversibility” and “universality” of the changes in     

Enzyme-immunoassay in diagnosis of hepatitis with emphasis on the detection of "e" antigen (HBeAg).

A brief survey of the application of enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis A, and their corresponding antibodies is given. The preliminary results of a similar EIA for detection of hepatitis B-related "e" antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) are reported. This EIA is much more sensitive than immunodiffusion: at least 128 times for HBeAg and at least 512 times for anti-HBe. HBsAg and its antibody do not interfere with the test. Only a few sera strongly positive for rheumatoid factor gave rise to false-positive results, as was demonstrated by a confirmatory test.     

Different ion channel mechanisms between low concentrations of capsaicin and high concentrations of capsaicin and nicotine regarding peptide release from pulmonary afferents

Vagal nerve stimulation (1 Hz for 1 min), capsaicin (10^-8 M and 10^-6 M), resiniferatoxin (3 × 10^-10 M) and nicotine (10^-4 M) evoked a non-cholinergic bronchoconstriction in the isolated perfused guinea-pig lung preparation. Simultaneously there was an increase in the perfusate levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity, suggesting release from sensory nerves. Both the bronchoconstriction and peptide release evoked by a low concentration of capsaicin (10^-8 M) and that evoked by nerve stimulation were depressed by tetrodotoxin, suggesting involvement of Na⁺ channel dependent depolarization. Since the effects of capsaicin (10^-8 M) and vagal nerve stimulation were inhibited by ω-conotoxin but not influenced by nifedipine, the Ca²⁺-channel involved is probably of N-type. Furthermore, the capsaicin analogue resiniferatoxin also evoked ω-conotoxin sensitive peptide release and bronchoconstriction. At the higher capsaicin concentration (10^-6 M), the functional response was only slightly inhibited by wconotoxin or tetrodotoxin indicating that capsaicin at this concentration evoked peptide release and functional effects through other mechanisms, probably involving Ca²⁺ fluxes in the non-selective cation channel associated with the proposed capsaicin receptor. The nicotine (10^-4 M) evoked peptide release and bronchoconstriction were only marginally influenced by ω-conotoxin or tetrodotoxin. It is concluded that the ion-channel mechanisms underlying the peptide releasing properties of antidromic nerve stimulation and low concentrations of capsaicin are similar and depend on action potential propagation, whereas capsaicin in high, toxic concentration and nicotine mainly act via receptor operated channels.     

BMP4 is required in the anterior heart field and its derivatives for endocardial cushion remodeling, outflow tract septation, and semilunar valve development

The endocardial cushions play a critical role in septation of the four-chambered mammalian heart and in the formation of the valve leaflets that control blood flow through the heart. Within the outflow tract (OFT), both cardiac neural crest and endocardial-derived mesenchymal cells contribute to the endocardial cushions. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is required for endocardial cushion development and for normal septation of the OFT. In the present study, we show that anterior heart field (AHF)-derived myocardium is an essential source of BMP4 required for normal endocardial cushion expansion and remodeling. Loss of BMP4 from the AHF in mice results in an insufficient number of cells in the developing OFT endocardial cushions, defective cushion remodeling, ventricular septal defects, persistent truncus arteriosus, and abnormal semilunar valve formation.     

Ecotropic and dualtropic mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses can induce a wide spectrum of H-2 controlled lymphoma types

Neonatal infection of C57BL and BALB/c mice by cloned ecotropic and dualtropic mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) induces a wide spectrum of different lymphomas of T, B, and non-T/non-B cell types. Oncogenic dualtropic MCF viruses and poorly oncogenic ecotropic MuLV act synergistically in lymphomagenesis. Within one mouse strain virus-induced T-cell lymphomas arise earlier than B-cell lymphomas after neonatal inoculation of a single-cloned MuLV. The host genetic constitution, notably the H-2 complex has a marked influence on lymphoma type. This H-2 influence can be explained by an H-2-linked difference in penetration of the thymus early in life by oncogenic thymotropic MuLV, which in turn is correlated with, but not necessarily due to the magnitude of the anti-MuLV antibody response.     

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus: Aspiration biopsy,immunocytochemistry, and clinicopathologic correlates

We report three cases of well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma originating primarily in the anterior mediastinum which had been initially investigated by fine-needle aspiration cytology in conjunction with immunocytochemistry and subsequently recognized as thymic in origin. Aspirates consisted of loosely cohesive or aggregated medium sized elements with round to oval nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. in all cases the Romanowsky stain provided an excellent delineation of definite paranuclear inclusion-like structures having a semicircular or discoid appearance which appeared to contain cytokeratin by immunocytochemical studies and were very similar to the intermediate filament paranuclear “buttons” found in neuroendocrine Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin. This appears to be a novel cytologic observation for thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma. We discuss the significance of the above cytologic and immunocytochemical findings and their possible role in the diagnosis of thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. © 1995 Wiley- Liss, Inc.