Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease: morphological and microanalytical features

The light microscopic and polarization appearances of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposits in tissues are reviewed. In routine sections haematoxylinophilic crystalline deposits with a feathery or brush-like pattern are typical of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. Short rhomboidal crystals showing positive birefringence are seen on polarization; X-ray microanalytical and infrared spectroscopic data support the specificity of these appearances. The appearances of the crystal deposits in decalcified specimens are also described. We include six cases of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition within periarticular bone; to the best of our knowledge this has not previously been described.     

水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨的制备及性能分析

Objective: To prepare hydroxyapatite cement (or calcium phosphate cement,CPC) and analyze its capability. Methods: Tetracalcium phospluge (TTCP ) was prepared by the method of high heat. TTCP reacted with in simulated body situation and produced CPC. Its capability was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM), X-ray diffraction( XRD). Its density, absorbing water coefficient, macroporosity and compressive strength were measured also. Results: The main element of CPC is hydroxyapatile (HA), its microstructure comprised of petal crys-tals. The diameter of micropore was 4-10μm, density was 1. 922 g/cm^3, macroporosity was 29. 777%, absorbing coefficient was 15. 503%, compressive strength was 42.70 Mpa. Conclusion: This CPC has three-dimensional spatial structure, its strength meets the need of cancellous bone grafting.     

干细胞动员对骨创伤大鼠免疫功能的保护作用

目的：观察自体干细胞动员对骨创伤大鼠的免疫功能的保护作用，为战创伤后的免疫抑制及继发性感染、系统性炎症反应等治疗提供依据。方法：挤压折断法复制大鼠双后肢股骨骨折模型，于致伤后0、24、48h连续给模型动物肌肉注射GM—CSF20μg／kg，致伤后72h细胞增殖法检测T、B淋巴细胞活性，ELISA法检测血清IL-1、IL-2、IFN-7、TNF—α浓度，自动系列化分析法检测C3、CA、IgM、IgG浓度，称重法观察脾重与体重的比例变化。结果：股骨骨折模型大鼠致伤后72h，GM—CSF动员骨髓干细胞组大鼠的T、B淋巴细胞活性和血清IFN-γ、IL-2浓度高于对照组（P〈0．01），IL-1、TNF—α浓度低于对照组（P〈0．01），血清C3、CA、IgM、IgG浓度及脾／体重比值高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：GM—CSF动员自体干细胞动员对大鼠骨创伤诱导的免疫功能抑制具有保护作用。     

Smoking delays chondrogenesis in a mouse model of closed tibial fracture healing.

Smoking delays the healing process and increases morbidity associated with many common musculoskeletal disorders, including long bone fracture. In the current study, a murine model of tibial fracture healing was used to test the hypothesis that smoking delays chondrogenesis after fracture. Mice were divided into two groups, a nonsmoking control group and a group exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 month prior to surgical tibial fracture. Mice were euthanized at 7, 14, and 28 days after surgery. The outcomes measured were immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen protein expression as a marker of cartilage matrix and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining to measure proliferation at the site of injury. Toluidine blue staining and histomorphometry were used to quantify areas of cartilaginous and noncartilaginous fracture callus. Radiographs were analyzed for evidence of remodeling after injury. At day 7 after injury, mice exposed to cigarette smoke had a smaller fracture callus with less cartilage matrix compared to controls. Proliferation was present at high levels in both groups at this time point, but proliferating cells had a more immature morphology in the smoking group. At day 14, chondrogenesis was more active in smokers compared to controls, while a higher percentage of bone was present in the control animals. At day 28, X-ray analysis revealed a larger fracture callus remaining in the smoking animals. Together, these findings show that the chondrogenic phase of tibial fracture healing is delayed by smoking. This study represents, to our knowledge, the first analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms of healing in a smoking mouse fracture model.     

水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨的制备及性能分析(英文)

目的:制备水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨,并进行性能分析。方法:高温法制备出磷酸四钙,然后在模拟体内环境下将其与无水磷酸氢钙发生水化固化反应,合成水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨,采用X线衍射、扫描电镜观察、体积密度、吸水率、孔隙率及耐压强度测量进行性能分析。结果:该人工骨主要成分为低结晶度的羟基磷灰石;微观结构呈针状或花瓣状晶体构成,微孔直径约4-10 μm,孔隙相互交通;平均体积密度为1.922 g·cm~(-3);平均吸水率为15.503％;孔隙率为29.777％;耐压强度为42.70 MPa。结论:本研究所制人工骨具有三维空间结构,力学性能符合人体非负重骨植骨要求。     

胎儿主要肢骨发育时间表──超声骨龄

用Ｂ超检测正常妊娠中的胎儿。选择受精龄为１２至３８整周（ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄｗｅｅｋ）的胎儿２９７例。测量其主要肢骨（干）长度。并将所测数据进行统计学处理。结果表明胎儿肢骨的生长发育与胎龄有显著的正相关关系。     

Artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics and its preliminary clinical application

Summary The authors have prepared the artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics according to an appropriate formula and manufacturing technology. Physical and chemical testing shows that it possesses several distinguishing features: the communicating pores and macro/micropores; mean pore size, 380 μm (from 240 μm to 510 μm); porosity, 46.4 %; and compressive strength, 97.4 kg/cm². It consists of CaO (49.09 %) and P₂O₅ (48.84 %). The testing of its biocompatibility shows that it is devoid of systemic or local toxicity, and free of irritation or foreign body response in tissues, and it does not result in hemolysis or mutation. The new bone readily grows into its pores with direct contact to the implanted material. 11 cases of bone defects were treated with this artificial bone with satisfactory results.     

Glomus jugulare tumours: A review of 61 cases

Summary A retrospective study of 61 patients with glomus jugulare tumours treated at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, and at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London. The average age at presentation was 41.7 years. The patients were mainly treated by a posterolateral combined otoneurosurgical approach. 42/61 of the patients had total or subtotal excision of their tumours, 7/61 had partial removal and the remaining 11/61 had no operation. Only one case required a 2-staged procedure. There were two deaths in the postoperative period, one from intracerebral haemorrhage and the other from the left hemisphere infarction.Postoperative radiotherapy was given to 5/7 of the patients who had partial removal. 3/40 of the patients with total removal had postoperative radiotherapy, and a further 3/40 had received radiotherapy pre-operatively.Of the 11 patients who did not undergo surgery, 7/11 were treated with radiotherapy and 4/11 had embolisation only.