卡前列甲醛栓防治剖宫产术后出血50例临床分析

目的 探讨研究卡前列甲醛栓在临床剖宫产术后出血患者防治中的应用.方法 选择本院妇产科2009年1月至2010年12月间收治的100例剖宫产患者的临床手术及护理情况进行回顾性分析,患者被随机分为两组并分别予以缩宫素与卡前列甲醛栓治疗,并对两组产后出血的防治效果进行对比.结果 研究组患者术后总出血量为(424±172)ml...     

妈富隆治疗上环后出血疗效与影响因素

目的 探讨妈富隆治疗放置IUD后致子宫异常出血的临床效果及影响因素.方法 将120例入选的放置IUD后致子宫异常出血的妇女随机分为两组,分析出血的影响因素,对照组患者采用妥塞敏0.5g/次,3次/d,治疗3个月经周期,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加服妈富隆2片/d,治疗3个月经周期,比较两组的治疗效果.结果 引起IUD后子宫异常出血的原因主要为：宫内IUD异常和下生殖道感染,经治疗3个周期后,两组的月经卡评分均有不同程度的降低,且观察组降低更为明显,两组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组的有效率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 妈富隆联合妥塞敏治疗放置IUD后子宫异常出血具有良好的临床有效性和安全性,值得临床推广应用.     

综合性护理干预对肝硬化合并上消化道出血治疗效果的影响

目的 探讨综合性护理干预对肝硬化合并上消化道出血治疗效果的影响.方法 选择我院2010年1月～2013年1月间收治的肝硬化合并上消化道出血患者60例,根据护理方法随机分为干预组和对照组,各30例,对照组予以常规对症护理,干预组实施综合性护理干预,比较两组的疗效、止血时间、住院时间、并发症及护理满意度.结果 干预组患者治疗有效率达90.0％,对照组有效率达73.3％,两组差异存在显著性（P＜0.05）.干预组患者的止血时间、住院时间短于对照组,组间比较差异存在显著性（P＜0.05）.干预组治疗期间并发症发生率达10％,对照组并发症发生率达36.7％,组间比较差异存在显著性（P＜0.05）.干预组的护理满意度达96.7％,明显高于对照组,组间比较差异存在显著性（P＜0.05）.结论 对肝硬化合并上消化道出血患者在积极有效治疗的同时实施综合性的护理干预措施,可以明显提高疗效,缩短住院时间,减少并发症发生,提高护理满意度.     

老年妇女绝经后阴道流血的原因分析与治疗对策探讨

目的探讨分析老年妇女绝经后阴道流血的原因及治疗方案。方法回顾分析2007年1月-2011年12月我院接收的211例绝经后阴道流血及血性白带为主要症状的女性患者,排除因妊娠引起流血的病例,对其余患者进行妇科检查、经阴或腹部B超检查、TCT检查及宫腔镜下病理活检。观察分析所有患者的阴道流血的病因及病变程度。结果依据本组患者的各项检查及病理报告可分为：生殖器官炎症125例,子宫肌瘤18例,恶性肿瘤53例,其他15例。结论绝经早期阴道流血多数患者由生殖器官良性病变引起的,但随着绝经时间的延长,恶性程度越高,针对病因选取恰当的治疗方式才是行之有效的方案。     

State-of-the-Art Management of Acute Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease

The management of patients with non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding has evolved, as have its causes and prognosis, over the past 20 years. The addition of high-quality data coupled to the publication of authoritative national and international guidelines have helped define current-day standards of care. This review highlights the relevant clinical evidence and consensus recommendations that will hopefully result in promoting the effective dissemination and knowledge translation of important information in the management of patients afflicted with this common entity.     

Four factor prothrombin complex concentrate (human): review of the pharmacology and clinical application for vitamin K antagonist reversal

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been used for decades for the treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic events. Due to their wide range of therapeutic indications, they are the most prescribed oral anticoagulant worldwide. However, they are associated with bleeding complications due to their narrow therapeutic range, variability in individual dose responses and laboratory monitoring, and overdoses. Despite off-label use of 3-factor prothrombin complex concentrates and recombinant activated factor VII, until recently, vitamin K and plasma were the only recommended therapeutic options for reversing VKAs in the USA. In 2013, a 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) was approved in the USA for VKA reversal in patients with bleeding or requiring emergency surgery and invasive procedure. Recent randomized controlled clinical trials have shown that 4F-PCC (Kcentra?) is non-inferior for hemostatic efficacy and superior for international normalized ratio correction as compared to plasma and has a similar safety profile.     

老年人和非老年非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的病因和合并症特征比较

 目的 提高老年人非静脉曲张破裂上消化道出血(non-varicealupper upper gastrointestinal bleeding, NVUGB)的早期识别水平。方法 利用电子病历管理系统检索某医学中心2015-01至2017-01所有以“上胃肠道出血”为出院诊断的病历资料,对符合条件的病例采用回顾性队列研究分析患者的诊断线索、病因及共存病特征。年龄≥60岁为老年组,18～59 岁患者为非老年组,比较分析两组临床资料。结果 呕血、黑便、呕血+黑便及低血容量状态为诊断上胃肠道出血的主要线索,其中老年组呕血比率15.2％(23例)显著低于非老年组23.4％(26例)(P<0.01),而低血容量状态比率10.6％(16例)显著高于非老年组6.0％(7例)(P<0.05)。老年组前三位病因依次是十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡和上消化道肿瘤,非老年组依次为上消化道肿瘤、十二指肠溃疡和胃溃疡。老年组(134/151)共存病显著多于非老年组(78/112)(P<0.01)。结论 老年人NVUGB的主要危险因素是共存病多和抗血小板治疗,主要病因是十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡和上消化道肿瘤,早期胃镜检查是明确诊断的关键。     

Haemorrhagic complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND: Haemorrhagic complication occurs in 5-16% of patients following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We report an analysis of patients with post-PD bleed, to identify predictors of bleed, predictors of survival following bleed and the management of post-PD bleed. METHODS: Two hundred and eighteen patients with periampullary cancers underwent PD from 1989 to 2002. Forty-four (20.2%) patients had a bleeding complication. Of these, 25 patients had an intra-abdominal (IA) bleed and 21 had gastrointestinal (GI) bleed (two had both IA and GI bleed). Clinical, biochemical and tumour characteristics were analysed to identify factors influencing bleeding complications. RESULTS: The median time to presentation was 4.5 days (0-21 days). Serum bilirubin (P = 0.000, OR: 1.090) and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) leak (P = 0.009, OR: 3.174) were significant independent factors predicting bleeding complications. Forty-three per cent of patients each had early bleed (<48 h after PD) or delayed bleed (7 days after PD). Comparison of early and late bleeds showed that IA bleed (P = 0.02) presented as early bleeds. Male sex (P = 0.00) longer duration of jaundice (P = 0.02), PJ leak (P = 0.001), HJ leak (P = 0.001), duct to mucosa type of PJ anastomosis (P = 0.03) and IA abscess (P = 0.00) were associated with a significantly higher incidence of late bleeds. Overall mortality after PD was 9.6% with 34% and 3% in bleeders and non-bleeders, respectively. Septicaemia (P = 0.01, OR: 5.49), and acute renal failure (P = 0.01) were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding complications following PD were seen in one-fifth of patients and were associated with high mortality. Serum bilirubin levels and PJ leak were significant factors associated with bleeding complications. Septicaemia and acute renal failure were significant factors associated with mortality in the bleeders.     

肝移植围手术期出凝血功能障碍的防治

目的　探讨肝移植围手术期出凝血功能障碍的防治。方法　回顾性分析我院 2 0 0 2年 6月～ 2 0 0 3年 12月施行的 6 1例肝移植病例。结果　 6 1例肝移植术前肝功能ChildC级 35例 (5 7 4 % ) ,ChildB级 2 6例 (4 2 6 % ) ,ChildC组的患者术中凝血指标 (INR)的变化程度大于ChildB组 (P <0 0 5 )。与凝血有关的并发症中大出血 5例 (8 2 % ) ,肾衰 6例 (9 8% ) ,肝动脉血栓形成 5例 (8 2 % ) ,手术开展两阶段对比 ,第二阶段主要因限制了大量凝血药及血制品的使用 ,并发症明显减少。结论　掌握好不同时期、不同患者出血和血栓形成的平衡是防治肝移植围手术期出凝血功能障碍的关键