老年性痴呆患者的听觉损害

目的　确定老年性痴呆患者 (seniledementiaoftheAlzheimer′sdisease ,AD)有无周围性听功能障碍及其与认知障碍的关系。方法　利用纯音测听、言语识别率、声导抗、听觉脑干反应检测AD患者 43例 ,健康老年人 50例 ,评定受试者测听可信度 ,统计测试结果 ,并将上述结果同受试者简易精神状态量表 (mini mentalscaleofequastionnaire ,MMSE)得分进行对照分析 ,寻找二者之间的关系。结果　受试者两耳间周围听力差异无显著性 ,以右耳听力结果 ( x±s)进行统计。AD组纯音听阈为 (2 6 3± 8 5)dBHL和 (2 9 1± 8 7)dBHL ,言语识别率为 (85 5± 5 5) % ;对照组纯音听阈为 (2 3 2± 1 0 6)dBHL和 (2 6 2± 1 1 8)dBHL ,言语识别率为 (87 6± 6 8) %。虽然AD组周围听功能检查结果低于对照组 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5)。测听可信度、声导抗和ABR阈值两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。结论　老年性痴呆患者纯音听阈和言语识别率与老年聋相似 ,其周围听功能障碍与MMSE认知量表得分无关。     

家兔急性缺氧后左心室舒张功能和心肌细胞内钙转运及能量代谢的研究

为探讨急性缺氧对家兔左心室舒张功能、心肌细胞内钙转运和能量代谢的影响。将２３只家兔分为对照组（６只）、吸入５％低氧混合气的缺氧１组（Ｈ１）（１２只）、吸入１０％低氧混合气的缺氧２组（Ｈ２）（５只），用心导管法测定左心室压力下降最大速率（ＬＶｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ）和压力下降时间常数（Ｔ值）；测定心肌肌浆网（ＳＲ）钙ＡＴＰ酶活性、心肌ＳＲ摄钙量、心肌组织ＡＴＰ和磷酸肌酸（ＣｒＰ）。结果，缺氧后ＬＶｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ下降，Ｔ值延长；缺氧组心肌ＳＲ钙ＡＴＰ酶活性及摄钙量下降；心肌线粒体钙含量升高；心肌组织ＡＴＰ和ＣｒＰ下降，心肌组织ＡＴＰ与线粒体钙含量呈负相关。提示，急性缺氧可引起左心室舒张功能障碍并影响心肌ＳＲ钙转运和心肌能量代谢。     

异丙酚的剂量与镇静和呼吸抑制作用之间的关系

研究不同剂量的异丙酚的量效关系。方法:选择50例甲状腺腺瘤切除病人,随机分为5组,Ⅰ组,0.5mg/kg、Ⅱ组0.75mg/kg、Ⅲ组1.0mg/kg、Ⅳ组1.5mg/kg、V组2.0mg/kg.采用Star呼吸机监测呼吸功能指标,同时观察其神志变化,应用Probit法分析该药量效关系。结果:Ⅱ、IV、V组随着剂量增加,潮气量降低的幅度和呼吸抑制持续时间明显增加,以给药后1～3分钟潮气量减少最为明显(P<0.01),浅睡状态ED_(50)为0.98mg/kg.深睡状态ED_(50)为1.26mg/kg,呼吸抑制ED_(50)为1.1mg/kg。结论:静注0.8～1mg/kg异丙酚可以产生适用于非全麻病人的镇静、催眠作用,而对呼吸抑制的作用较小。     

Outcome of children with respiratory symptoms without objective evidence of asthma: a two-year, prospective, follow-up study

This study evaluated the outcome of 33 children with asthma-like symptoms without objective evidence of asthma, and the role of certain factors in predicting the development of clinical asthma in these children. Data on symptom histories, lung functions (flow-volume spirometry, free running test and methacholine inhalation challenge test) and atopic sensitization (skin prick tests and markers of eosinophilic inflammation) were collected twice with an interval of 2 y, and the diagnoses were re-evaluated after the follow-up period. Based on the results, it was concluded that one-third of the children with prolonged or recurrent lower airway symptoms, such as cough or wheeze, either have mild asthma or will develop asthma in the near future. Children who had a significant response [≥ 10% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)] in the free running test formed a risk group for active asthma, whereas other baseline characteristics seemed not to predict the outcome.     

The role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing patterns in the recent prostate cancer incidence declinein the United States

Objectives: Trends in first-time and later PSA procedure rates are ascertained using longitudinal data from a population-based cohort. These trends are compared to trends in prostate cancer incidence to determine the role of PSA in the recent decline in prostate cancer incidence.Methods: Medicare data were linked with tumor registry data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. A 5 percent random sample (n=39985) of Medicare beneficiaries from the SEER areas without a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer as of January 1, 1988 was followed through 1994. Trends in first-time PSA use were distinguished from those of second or later for men without diagnosed prostate cancer.Results: Trends in the rate of first-time PSA procedures track closely with trends in prostate cancer incidence rates, increasing until 1992 and decreasing thereafter. Similar patterns were observed by race and age group. Geographic variability in the dissemination of PSA screening was observed, yet the association between testing and incidence remained. Men in the cohort had a 4.7 percent chance of being diagnosed within three months of an initial PSA test, with the percentage falling for subsequent tests.Conclusions: It is informative to distinguish first from later tests when assessing the effect of the diffusion of a test in a population. Taking this approach was useful in illuminating the role of PSA testing in a reversal of a long-term increase in prostate cancer incidence rates.     

淋巴瘤患者血清中肿瘤相关物质群的水平及其临床意义

目的:探讨肿瘤相关物质群(tumor supplied group of factors,TSGF)在淋巴瘤患者血清中的含量变化及其临床意义。方法:用比色法测定60例淋巴瘤(霍奇金淋巴瘤2例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤58例)患者的血清TSGF水平,以血清TSGF≥64U/mL定为阳性阈值。结果:初治前(n=25)不同临床分期(Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱ期7例,Ⅲ期10例,Ⅳ期5例)患者的血清TSGF水平差异无纺计学意义[Ⅰ期(57·33±8·58)、Ⅱ期(68·43±9·21)、Ⅲ期(66·20±7·73)、Ⅳ期(59·80±5·31)U/mL],各临床分期患者TSGF阳性率分别为33·3%、71·4%、70%和40%;未缓解/难治复发组[n=17,(69·35±11·53)U/mL]和初诊治疗前组[n=25,(64·64±8·36)U/mL]的血清TSGF水平显著高于CR/PR组[n=18,(56·83±6·26)U/mL]和正常对照组[n=66,(55·53±5·26)U/mL];各组TSGF阳性率分别为70·6%、60%、16·7%和1·5%;未发现初治前组TSGF值的高低与化疗反应有关;血清TSGF值持续高水平的患者顽固耐受化疗且预后极差。结论:血清TSGF水平与淋巴瘤病理状态有关,并具有预后意义。     

九种抗菌药物在小儿败血症中应用情况的分析

目的了解本地区近5年小儿血液系统感染的常见病原菌及抗菌药物的敏感性情况,以便指导临床医师合理使用抗生素。方法将小儿血液系统分离出的836株病原菌应用K-B法做了9种抗菌药物敏感性测定,并对不同年度的革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的敏感率进行了分析。结果革兰氏阳性球菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、微球菌、表皮葡萄球菌)对丁胺卡那霉素和先锋5号的敏感率为76.8%和74.7%。革兰氏阴性杆菌(大肠埃希氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、非发酵菌)对丁胺卡那霉素和先锋5号的敏感率为82.4%和74.3%。铜绿假单胞菌对氧哌嗪青霉素的敏感率为89.0%,伤寒沙门氏菌对氯霉素、卡那霉素和氟哌酸的敏感率也很高,分别为88.4%,93.3%和83.1%。革兰氏阳性球菌对青霉素、红霉素、氨苄青霉素的耐药率很高分别为83.6%,82.7%,76.5%。大肠埃希氏菌对链霉素、氨苄青霉素、氯霉素和羧苄青霉素的耐药率也很高,分别为82.4%,99.4%,95.0%和80.0%。结论加强对儿科医师合理使用抗生素知识的培训、指导和评价是必要的。     

脂肪肝的超声诊断与实验室相关检查的关系分析

目的:分析脂肪肝的超声诊断与实验室相关检查的关系,以早期发现和治疗脂肪肝.方法:以超声诊断脂肪肝为标 准,结合二维声像图的检查,同时对脂肪肝患者及健康人各 100例进行血脂检测.结果:血脂的变化与脂肪肝的发生 密切相关.结论:脂肪肝与肝油三脂升高密切相关,二维超声图像结合实验室检查,可早期发现脂肪肝.     

杀飞克对印鼠客蚤毒杀效果研究

目的　观察杀飞克对印鼠客蚤的实验室毒效和现场灭效。方法　实验室用瓶膜法 ,现场用滞留喷洒法。结果　 (1)当药物浓度为 6.2 5mg/L时 ,KT50 为 5 .75min ;当药物浓度为 12 .5、2 5、5 0、10 0mg/L时 ,KT50 分别为 3 .5 2、6.0 7、3 .13和 3 .0 5min ;(2 )当药物浓度在 12 .5mg/L以上时 ,2 4h死亡率均为 10 0 % ;(3 )药膜在室温和普通湿度下存放1年后 ,当药物浓度在 5 0mg/L以上时 ,2 4h死亡率均为 10 0 % ;(4 )现场灭效 :药物浓度 3 0 0mg/L对地面游离印鼠客蚤的 2d校正灭蚤率为 10 0 % ,15d校正灭蚤率为 82 .72 % ,3 0d校正灭蚤率为 91.2 4%。结论　杀飞克 10 %可湿性粉剂毒力强 ,现场灭效好 ,气味小 ,对人畜安全 ,可在控制家鼠鼠疫灭蚤中使用。     

红点黄本对城市小学生远视力保护效果的追踪观察

目的探讨红点黄本对小学生远视力的保护作用,为学生用簿本标准的制订提供依据。方法整群抽取大连市某小学二年级学生131名为试验组6、35名为对照组,追踪观察3 a。观察指标为受试者的双眼远视力。结果试验组远视力以保持“不变”为主(43.9%),比对照组(21.2%)多1倍;远视力下降3~5行的,对照组(合计20.3%)各分别比试验组约多1倍;下降6行及以上者,试验组为0,而对照组占4.5%。试验组的右眼远视力3 a间平均下降0.034 4,而对照组下降0.095 1(t=3.731,P=0.000);试验组的左眼远视力平均下降0.044 3,而对照组下降0.081 1(t=2.247,P=0.025)。结论红点黄本对城市小学生的远视力有保护作用。