AS1411 Aptamer/Hyaluronic Acid-Bifunctionalized Microemulsion Co-Loading Shikonin and Docetaxel for Enhanced Antiglioma Therapy

In this study, we developed an AS1411 aptamer/hyaluronic acid-bifunctionalized microemulsion co-loading shikonin and docetaxel (AS1411/SKN&DTX-M). Such microemulsion was capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), targeting CD44/nucleolin-overexpressed glioma, and inhibiting the orthotopic glioma growth. AS1411/SKN&DTX-M showed a spherical morphology with a diameter around 30 nm and rapidly released drugs in the presence of hyaluronidase and mild acid. In the U87 cellular studies, AS1411/SKN&DTX-M elevated the cytotoxicity, enhanced the cellular uptake, and induced the cell apoptosis. In the artificial blood-brain barrier model, the transepithelial electrical resistance was decreased after the treatment with AS1411/SKN&DTX-M and thereby of increasing the apparent permeability coefficient. Furthermore, AS1411/SKN&DTX-M showed a strong inhibition against the formation of cancer stem cell–enriched U87 cell spheroids, in which the expression of CD133 was downregulated significantly. In the biodistribution studies, AS1411/SKN&DTX-M could selectively accumulate in the brains of orthotopic luciferase-transfected U87 glioma tumor–bearing nude mice. Importantly, AS1411/SKN&DTX-M exhibited the overwhelming inhibition of glioma growth of orthotopic luciferase-transfected U87 glioma models and reached the longest survival period among all the treatments. In summary, the codelivery of shikonin and docetaxel using bifunctionalization with hyaluronic acid and AS1411 aptamer offers a promising strategy for dual drug-based combinational antiglioma treatment.     

Starch-quercetin conjugate by radical grafting: synthesis and biological characterization

A novel flavonoid-polysaccharide conjugate was synthesized by free radical grafting of quercetin on starch. The covalent insertion of quercetin in the polymeric chain was confirmed by FT-IR, DSC and fluorescence analyses, while an estimation of the amount of quercetin bound per g of polymer was obtained by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The conjugate shows improved UV stability and retains the antioxidant properties of free quercetin, such as scavenging activity towards free radicals (DPPH and peroxynitrite); inhibition of the free radical formation (peroxidation of linoleic acid) and total antioxidant activity. The conjugate also prevented drug degradation and shows potential health functionality in the treatment of Alzheimer disease, diabetes and as skin-whitening agent.     

Commercially available bone graft substitutes: the impact of origin and processing on graft functionality

Abstract

Development of effective and cost-efficient bone tissue engineering grafts has been the key area of research for regenerative medicine, yet an ideal grafting material has remained elusive due in large part to the highly dynamic nature of bone. A wide array of materials, both natural and synthetic, have been implemented as potential candidates for commercially available products, yet the gold standard for grafting material still remains autogenous bone. We review currently commercially available bone graft materials and relevant graft characteristics that impact the effectiveness of tissue repair, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of materials based on composition and origin. Examined materials were selected through a web-based search for readily accessible and clinically applicable graft materials. Grafts were then categorized according to material source to examine advantages and disadvantages associated with allogenic, xenogeneic, synthetic materials. Lastly, the application of bioactive molecules onto these basal grafts is explored to illustrate the enhancement and regulative capacity of these additives on traditional osteobiologic materials.     

可复性输卵管避孕材料应用进展

从材料构成、性能、应用、实验等4个方面,阐述了输卵管避孕栓应用材料的性能、用法、生物相容性及其发展动态,分析和比较避孕栓材料的优劣性,对生物材料在计划生育领域的发展趋势进行了展望,指出随着材料学的发展,生物相容性好、可降解、有记忆功能的生物材料在输卵管避孕方面有巨大的应用潜力。     

MycroMesh网片无张力腹股沟疝修补术30例报告

目的研究MycroMesh网片无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的临床效果。方法对我院收治的29例斜疝(1例双侧斜疝)、1例直疝选用MycroMesh生物性植入网片行无张力疝修利、术。结果30例患者经MycroMesh网片无张力疝修利-术后恢复快．无疼痛及异物感，随访至今，未见复发病例。结论MycroMesh网片无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝效果满意，恢复快，患者痛苦少，为腹股沟疝较理想的治疗方法。     

联合生物材料的牙源性间充质干细胞进行牙周组织再生的研究进展

牙周炎治疗的终极目标是实现牙周组织结构及功能的再生,但现有牙周组织再生方法仍难以完整再生牙周组织层次结构。而干细胞因其自我更新及多向分化的潜能,为牙周再生提供新的可能,基于干细胞的组织工程也因此越来越受到关注。该文就联合生物材料的牙源性干细胞进行牙周组织再生的研究进展作综述,指出自体干细胞移植应用受到供体来源的限制,后续研究应围绕发展多相支架材料及尝试建立干细胞库等方面展开。     

硼酸盐玻璃在生物材料领域中的应用

将硼元素引入生物玻璃,显著增加生物玻璃活性的同时,也提高了其生物降解性,使其成为能够完全降解的生物玻璃。此外,由硼元素析出所造成的毒性也在可承受的范围之内,使得硼酸盐生物玻璃得到了越来越广泛的关注。本文综述了硼酸盐生物玻璃的研究现状,主要的应用方向,并探讨了该材料目前存在的不足,展望了其研究方向。