长期吸毒者脑FDG-PET表现

目的:使用PET观察长期吸毒者脑代谢变化,为研究吸毒者神经生理和行为改变以及吸毒治疗提供分子影像学资料。方法:对比吸食海洛因时间均超过10年的吸毒者7例与健康体检者11例的脑FDG-PET检查资料并导入PC机,通过自行研发的软件进行图像配准,在配准后的横断层图像上画左侧脑结构感兴趣区(ROI):顶叶、扣带前回、丘脑、尾状核头、纹状体、眶上回、直回、颞叶外侧皮质、海马、小脑皮质,再镜像生成对侧相应脑结构的ROI,每个脑结构画相邻两个层面的ROI,取两个ROI平均放射性计数的算术均数为该脑结构的平均放射性计数,将各脑结构与同侧小脑皮质平均放射性计数相比。结果:吸毒者全脑葡萄糖代谢均减低,有统计学意义的部位为双侧尾状核头、双侧纹状体、双侧眶上回、双侧直回和双侧颞叶外侧皮质(t<0.05)。结论:PET可探测吸毒者脑代谢的变化,为研究吸毒者神经生理、病理和行为改变以及吸毒治疗、预后评价提供分子影像学资料。     

A sensitivity analysis framework for the treatment effect measure used in the meta‐analysis of comparative binary data from randomised controlled trials

The process of undertaking a meta‐analysis involves a sequence of decisions, one of which is deciding which measure of treatment effect to use. In particular, for comparative binary data from randomised controlled trials, a wide variety of measures are available such as the odds ratio and the risk difference. It is often of interest to know whether important conclusions would have been substantively different if an alternative measure had been used. Here we develop a new type of sensitivity analysis that incorporates standard measures of treatment effect. Thus, rather than examining the implications of a variety of measures in an ad hoc manner, we can simultaneously examine an entire family of possibilities, including the odds ratio, the arcsine difference and the risk difference. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Examining Young Recreational Sportswomen's Intentions to Engage in Sun-Protective Behavior: The Role of Group and Image Norms

Researchers examined the sun-protective intentions and behavior of young, Caucasian, Australian sportswomen aged between 17 and 35 years (N?=?100). The study adopted a 2 x 2 experimental design, comparing group norms (supportive vs. non-supportive) and image norms (tanned vs. pale) related to sun protection and taking into account group identification with friends and peers in the sport. While no significant findings emerged involving image norms, regression analyses revealed a significant two-way interaction for group norm x identification on recreational sportswomen's intentions to engage in sun protection in the next fortnight. Participants identifying strongly with their group had stronger intentions to engage in sun protection when exposed to a norm reflecting fellow recreational sportswomen engaging in sun-protective actions in comparison to those exposed to a non-supportive group. In addition, while prior intentions to engage in sun protection were not significantly related to sun-protection behavior, post-manipulation intentions after exposure to the sun-protective information that was provided were significantly related to follow-up behavior. Overall, the findings supported the importance of group-based social influences, rather than tanned media images, on sun-protective decisions among young recreational sportswomen and provided a targeted source for intervention strategies encouraging sun safety among this at-risk group for repeated sun exposure.     

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE ELDERLY

The literature hsa been reviewed in an attempt to answer some of the questions related to the nutritional requirements of the elderly. Calories, protein, amino acids, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins A, B, C, D, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, and fluid studies in the elderly are summarized. Nutritional recommendations are included.     

Reliability and validity of the body image quality of life inventory: Version for Brazilian burn victims

The aims of this study were to adapt the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) into Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and to assess the psychometric properties of the adapted version. Construct validity was assessed by correlating the BIQLI‐BP scores with the Rosenberg's Self‐Esteem Scale, with Burns Specific Health Scale—Revised (BSHS‐R), and with gender, total body surface area burned, and visibility of the scars. Participants were 77 adult burn patients. Cronbach's alpha for the adapted version was .90 and moderate linear correlations were found between body image and self‐esteem and between BIQLI‐BP scores and two domains of the BSHS‐R: affect and body image and interpersonal relationships. The BIQLI‐BP showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity for Brazilian burn patients. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:299–310, 2013     

不同剂量氨溴索对实验性肺不张炎症因子及影像学的影响

目的探讨不同剂量氨溴索（ambroxol,AMB）对实验性肺不张炎症因子及影像学的影响。方法将雄性实验用中国小型猪随机分成肺不张组（M组6只）、AMB处理组（T组18只）及对照组（C组6只）。其中T组又随机分成30、60及90mg/Kg剂量的AMB处理的T30、T60及T90组,每组均为6只。M及T组小型猪的右主支气管下端在纤支镜下置入镍钛合金封堵器,T组小型猪在放入封堵器当天即予相对应的AMB剂量静脉注射,每8h注射1次,每3dCT检查肺部确定肺不张的形成,在肺不张形成后的第3天,3组动物均处死,收集右下肺组织行炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10检测。结果M组和T组呈典型的肺不张CT改变。各组肺组织匀浆中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10水平的表达差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。与C组比较,M组和T组TNF-α、IL-1β水平明显升高（均P＜0.01）;与M组比较,T组TNF-α、IL-1β水平明显下降（均P＜0.01）;T60组和T90组与T30组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）,但T60组和T90组间无统计学差异。与C组比较,M组和T组IL-10表达显著下降（均P＜0.01）;与M组比较,T组IL-10水平明显升高（均P＜0.01）;但不同治疗剂量3组之间无统计学差异。与C组比较,M组和T组CT值均有显著提高（均P＜0.01）,但M组和T组间CT值无统计学差异;与M组比较,T组肺不张面积显著减小（均P＜0.01）,肺不张占单侧肺面积比T90组明显低于T30组（P＜0.01）,但T30和T60,T60和T90之间并无统计学差异。结论大剂量AMB能抑制实验性肺不张的炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β的表达,提升IL-10的表达,能减小肺不张面积。