A multicentre study of contact sensitization in children

The results of 7 months of patch testing with a standard series of 26 allergens in 323 children with eczematous conditions or itching palmoplantar psoriasis under the age of 14 years are reported. 114 (35.3%) of the children had 1 or more positive reactions to this standard series. 28 children (8.7%) were polysensitive. On the basis of personal history, additional series of allergens and/or specific allergens were also tested. 61.7% (90/146) of positive reactions were considered relevant to the current dermatitis. Metals, medicaments, preservatives or fragrances, and shoe components were the major sources of contact sensitization. It is suggested that patch testing be done more frequently in evaluating dermatitis in children.     

Contact allergy to Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124 in German and Austrian patients, 1995 to 1999

Between 1995 and 1999, 1986 patients were tested in the 31 participating centres of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), all of them members of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group, with a textile dyes series containing Disperse Blue (DB) 106 and 124, and since 1997 also with a mix of both. 86 patients (4.3%) reacted positively to DB 106 and/or DB 124; with good concordance between the 2 allergens (Cohen's weighted kappa 0.72), and the single allergens and the mix (kappa=0.75 in both cases), which had been tested in parallel in 969 and 975 patients, respectively. In contrast, concordance between DB 106/124 and p-phenylenediamine and p-aminoazobenzene, respectively, was poor. Some 70% of positive reactions to DB 106/124 had current clinical relevance. Furthermore, a significant increase in the proportion of DB 106/124-positive patients among those tested was found from 1995 to 1999. Hence, DB 106/124 are important allergens deserving close monitoring. The use of a mix of DB 106 and DB 124 seems justified in view of the close chemical similarity of both compounds. If possible, the presence of the allergen(s) in individual textiles considered causative should be checked by thin layer or column chromatography.     

Shoe dermatitis

Chronic foot dermatitis can be disabling and footwear allergy is not always excluded as a partly because patch testing to shoes and their components can he daunting. Once the diagnosis of shoe allergy is made, the difficult problem of finding suitable footwear remains. There is a lack of literature regarding the follow-up of these patients. We analysed the data on 55 patients with allergic contact dermatitis from their shoes and followed them up to see whether knowledge of the allergen had enabled them to find suitable footwear and to improve their dermatitis. The files of 55 patients with shoe allergy were analysed, and 4K were followed up. Rubber was the commonest allergen, followed by chromate. P -tertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin and colophony. All parts of the feet were affected, except the interdigital areas. The majority of patients suffered from hyperhidrosis, 43% were atopics, who had a super-added shoe allergy. The mean duration of the foot dermatitis before patch testing was 4 years 8 months. Follow-up of 48 cases showed that 87.5% had either improved or resolved completely. Most of our patients were successful in finding suitable footwear and many differing strategies were used. All patients with foot dermatitis which does not respond to treatment should be patch tested to exclude shoe allergy.     

股骨近端骨折患肢防旋康复装置的改进与创新

目的设计一种应用于股骨近端骨折后康复的多功能新型防旋鞋-医用三角鞋,使其可达到更稳定的防旋效果,且使用过程中足部可适度屈伸并能改善患肢末梢血液循环。方法利用几何图形具备的独特性质保证三角鞋的防旋性能,采用填充方法处理底座使三角鞋可在与水平面成90~135°的范围内活动,增设辐热装置通过增温缓解患肢末梢血液循环不畅。结果新型医用三角鞋初期模型防旋效果显著,并可使足部在合适范围内活动,同时可提升足部温度。结论通过查阅文献并结合目前实验观察结果,新型医用三角鞋可达到初步预期效果,满足临床需求。     

太原市篮球运动爱好者对运动护齿套认知水平的调查研究

目的:调查评估太原市篮球运动爱好者对运动护齿套(MG)的认识水平。方法:选取太原市不同地区的篮球运动爱好者,共发放问卷236份,收回有效问卷218份,整理资料并进行统计学分析。结果:正在使用运动护齿套者占12.1%,听说过或见过运动护齿套者占65.0%,对运动护齿套的类型及区别有所了解的人数为0。不同年龄段获得运动护齿套相关信息的途径分布总体构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:太原市篮球运动爱好者对运动护齿套的认知水平较低,加强牙外伤防护知识教育很有必要。     

篮球鞋对主动与被动落地时冲击力特征和肌肉活化的影响

目的探讨人体在主动和被动落地过程中,穿着篮球鞋对落地冲击力特征和下肢相关肌群活化程度的影响。方法选取具备强缓冲性能的篮球鞋作为测试用鞋,并辅以对照鞋。12名球类专项男运动员作为受试者,在翻板器上完成包括由低到高3种下落高度和2种下落方式(主动落地反跳和被动着地)在内的着地动作。利用测力台和肌电分析系统同步采集冲击力和下肢5块主要肌群的EMG信号。结果主动落地反跳时,穿着篮球鞋并没有对冲击力的振幅和频率以及下肢肌群的激活程度产生影响;但被动着地时,穿着篮球鞋却能够显著降低冲击力和负载率的峰值,减小冲击频率(P<0.05),同时显著降低下肢各主要肌群的后激活程度(P<0.05)。结论在主动控制完成动作的情况下,运动鞋影响冲击力和肌肉活化的效果并不明显;然而当人体未完全控制着地状态时,篮球鞋能够改变输入于下肢的冲击力信号,达到缓冲避震并适当减小肌肉活化的效果,为避免落地时运动损伤的发生及机能节省化起到了积极的作用。     

The use of continuous vs. intermittent cold water immersion as a recovery method in basketball players after training: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to compare two cold water immersion protocols, continuous or intermittent, on recovery in basketball players.

Methods: Ten male basketball players (age: 14 ± 0.4 years, body mass: 65.4 ± 9.1 kg, height: 175 ± 7.3 cm, body fat %: 10.3 ± 4) were included in the study. After three 90-minute training sessions (avg. heart rate 158 ± 11.92, 156 ± 7.06 and 151 ± 10.44 bpm), participants were grouped into a continuous immersion (12 min at 12 ± 0.4°C) group, intermittent immersion (4 x 2 min immersion at 12 ± 0.4 °C + 1 min out of water) group and a control group (CG). Countermovement jump (CMJ), muscle pain and thigh volume were measured.

Results: Both cold water immersion protocols were effective in reducing the pain 24 and 48 hours after training compared with the CG (F (3.54) = 2.91, p = 0.016, η_p² = .24). Concerning CMJ change, % differences occurred at 24 (Z = 11.04, p = 0.004) and 48 hours (Z = 14.01, p < 0.001) in comparison with the CG. Regarding the muscle volume, the statistical analysis did not report a significant interaction (F (3.54) = 2.42, p = 0.058).

Conclusion: Both cold water immersion CWI protocols are effective in improving recovery in basketball players.     

The impact of trunk impairment on performance‐determining activities in wheelchair rugby

In Paralympic sport, classification of impairment is needed to prevent a one‐sided and predictable outcome of competition, in which the least impaired athlete has the best chance to win. To develop evidence‐based classification in wheelchair rugby, the impact of trunk impairment, measured by the Trunk Impairment Classification (TIC), on performance‐determining activities was assessed. Arm impairment was analyzed as a covariant. Fifty‐five athletes, 21 with TIC score 0, 13 with TIC score 0.5, 11 with TIC score 1.0, and 10 with TIC score 1.5 performed standardized sport‐specific activities. A multiple step forward regression analysis was performed for all activities to assess the relative impact of trunk and arm impairment on performance. Trunk impairment was the most important factor for tilting the chair and acceleration in the first 2 m. The explained variance of the performance by trunk and arm impairment ranged from 23% for acceleration in the first meter, to 37% for sprint momentum, the tilt test left, and the time to cover 3 and 4 m. This study shows that athletes with limited trunk impairment are more proficient in wheelchair rugby than athletes with severe trunk impairment.     

Cutaneous larva migrans associated with water shoe use

It has been long suspected that footwear is protective against cutaneous larva migrans. This case report describes a woman who developed cutaneous larva migrans despite wearing 'protective' footwear. We forward a hypothesis by which recently popular water shoes may actually be conducive to the development of cutaneous larva migrans rather than having a protective function.     

Effects of lateral‐offset sole shoes on knee adduction moment in women with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis

This study aimed to determine the impact of wearing a lateral‐offset sole shoe (LOSS) on knee adduction moment (KAM) in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). From December 2012 to November 2016, patients with medial knee OA were recruited. Ninety‐three knees (50 left, 43 right) of 93 female patients were analyzed. The first peak KAMs were measured with patients (i) walking barefoot; (ii) walking in conventional shoes; and (iii) walking in LOSSs. The patients had grade 1 (n = 19), grade 2 (n = 49), grade 3 (n = 20), and grade 4 (n = 5) knee OA. First peak KAMs differed significantly in all three conditions (p = 0.031). In the post hoc analysis, first peak KAMs were significantly lower during LOSS walking than during conventional shoe walking (p = 0.001), but there were no differences in peak KAMs between barefoot and LOSS walking (p = 0.784). In the subgroup analysis, patients with grades 2 and 3 OA showed significantly lower first peak KAMs during LOSS walking than during conventional shoe walking (p = 0.029 and p = 0.011, respectively). Both the peak eversion ankle angle and moment of barefoot walking showed a significant increase compared with LOSS and conventional shoe walking, while there was no significant difference between LOSS and conventional shoe walking (p = 0.612 and p = 0.197, respectively). Our results suggest that LOSS wearing caused significant KAM reductions compared with conventional shoe wearing. Since LOSS wearing does not cause changes in the peak eversion ankle angle and moment during the load response, it may be an effective method to reduce the KAM in women with knee OA. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1694–1700, 2018.