Inactivation Methods for Experimental Nipah Virus Infection

Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe disease in humans and livestock. Due to its high pathogenicity in humans and the lack of available vaccines and therapeutics, NiV needs to be handled in biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories. Safe inactivation of samples containing NiV is thus necessary to allow further processing in lower containment areas. To date, there is only limited information available on NiV inactivation methods validated by BSL-4 facilities that can be used as a reference. Here, we compare some of the most common inactivation methods in order to evaluate their efficacy at inactivating NiV in infected cells, supernatants and organs. Thus, several physical and chemical inactivation methods, and combinations thereof, were assessed. Viral replication was monitored for 3 weeks and NiV presence was assessed by RT-qPCR, plaque assay and indirect immunofluorescence. A total of nineteen methods were shown to reduce NiV infectious particles in cells, supernatants and organs to undetectable levels. Therefore, we provide a list of methods for the safe and efficient inactivation of NiV.     

The importance of inspection in clinical cardiology: Frank's sign

The Frank''s sign (FS) is a diagonal earlobe crease running from the tragus to the edge of the auricle. In this case, we describe a 71 years‐old male patient with FS who presented to the emergency department complaining of epigastric pain. A non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed.     

血脂与血管内超声-虚拟组织学评价冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块性质

目的:探讨血脂和血管内超声-虚拟组织(IVUS-VH)学评价急性冠脉综合征(ACS)和稳定性心绞痛(SA)患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块性质。方法:对44例ACS患者及22例SA患者行IVUS-VH分析,并对其血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白a[LP(a)]进行测定,计算LDL-C/HDL-C比值,分析冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块坏死核心(NC)所占的比例与LP(a)、LDL-C/HDL-C的相关关系。结果:ACS组斑块中NC和钙化组织比例明显高于SA组(t=4.669、9.894,P<0.001),而纤维组织及纤维脂肪组织则明显低于SA组(t=7.184、5.290,P<0.001)。ACS组患者血清LDL-C/HDL-C、LP(a)水平高于SA组患者(t=3.512、19.139,P<0.001)。ACS组患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中NC比例与血清LP(a)水平有显著的相关性(r=0.549,P<0.001)。结论:LP(a)可能代替IVUS-VH帮助了解冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的性质。     

缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与超敏-CRP关系

目的探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块与超敏C-反应蛋白（Hs-CRP）含量的关系。方法分别测定30名通过颈动脉超声检查发现有粥样硬化斑块的急性脑梗死（A组）、脑供血不足患者（B组）和无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块老年健康体检者（C组）血清中Hs-CRP含量。结果A组Hs-CRP含量明显高于B组和C组（P〈0.05）;而B组和C组之间无显著性差异。结论Hs-CRP与动脉硬化引起的急性脑梗死有关,Hs-CRP与稳定性颈动脉硬化性斑块患者的脑供血不足的症状无关。     

高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉硬化和腔隙性脑梗死的影像比较分析

目的：探讨高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉发生粥样硬化狭窄和腔隙性脑梗死的磁共振影像差别。方法：使用0．3T永磁开放式磁共振成像系统,对2000例缺血性脑病的患者进行脑的T2 WI、T1 WI、FIR DE序列横断面和脑MRA检查。结果：高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉发生粥样硬化狭窄的程度和腔隙性脑梗死的数量有明显差别。结论：高血压病人脑动脉粥样硬化的程度比正常血压病人的程度较轻,而腔隙性脑梗死的程度较重。     

社区劳务工人牙周健康的循证口腔护理研究

目的:探讨循证口腔护理模式对劳务工人群牙周健康的干预作用。方法:选择口腔疾病劳务工患者60例,根据循证护理原则制定口腔健康教育方案。分别于干预前及干预后6个月采用自行设计问卷调查其口腔健康知识知晓率和保健行为正确率,于干预前和干预后第1、3、6个月测定患者口腔菌斑指数。结果:干预后患者各项口腔知识知晓率和口腔保健行为正确率均较干预前明显提高(P <0.01);干预后第1、3、6个月,患者口腔菌斑指数均明显低于干预前(P <0.01)。结论:循证口腔护理能够有效提高社区劳务工口腔保健知识,改善口腔保健行为,降低菌斑指数,有助口腔疾病预防和牙周保健,值得推广。     

辛伐他汀治疗无症状性颈动脉粥样硬化的疗效观察

目的采用颈动脉超声观察辛伐他汀治疗无症状性颈动脉粥样硬化的疗效。方法对参加我院健康体检时经彩超检查发现有颈动脉斑块的观察病例68例，每晚服用辛伐他汀，连续4月，观察颈动脉斑块的面积变化以及血脂的动态改变。结果68例观察者共发现斑块112个，服药4月后发现低回声斑块面积消退幅度达32％，混合性斑块达25％，高回声斑块只有9％，平均消退幅度22％，除高回声斑块外，其他均有明显统计学意义（P〈0．05）。患者的TC下降与治疗前比较有显著差异（P〈0．01），TG、LDL的下降与治疗前比较有明显差异（P〈0．05），HDL有所升高，但无统计学意义。结论通过观察服用辛伐他汀4月后斑块的面积变化以及血脂的改变结果表明，坚持服用他汀类药物，可以达到稳定与消退斑块的作用。     

A High-Sugar Diet Consumption,Metabolism and Health Impacts with a Focus on the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Narrative Review

Carbohydrates are important macronutrients in human and rodent diet patterns that play a key role in crucial metabolic pathways and provide the necessary energy for proper body functioning. Sugar homeostasis and intake require complex hormonal and nervous control to proper body energy balance. Added sugar in processed food results in metabolic, cardiovascular, and nervous disorders. Epidemiological reports have shown enhanced consumption of sweet products in children and adults, especially in reproductive age and in pregnant women, which can lead to the susceptibility of offspring’s health to diseases in early life or in adulthood and proneness to mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the impacts of high-sugar diet (HSD) or sugar intake during the perinatal and/or postnatal periods on neural and behavioural disturbances as well as on the development of substance use disorder (SUD). Since several emotional behavioural disturbances are recognized as predictors of SUD, we also present how HSD enhances impulsive behaviour, stress, anxiety and depression. Apart from the influence of HSD on these mood disturbances, added sugar can render food addiction. Both food and addictive substances change the sensitivity of the brain rewarding neurotransmission signalling. The results of the collected studies could be important in assessing sugar intake, especially via maternal dietary patterns, from the clinical perspective of SUD prevention or pre-existing emotional disorders. Methodology: This narrative review focuses on the roles of a high-sugar diet (HSD) and added sugar in foods and on the impacts of glucose and fructose on the development of substance use disorder (SUD) and on the behavioural predictors of drugs abuse. The literature was reviewed by two authors independently according to the topic of the review. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute open access scientific journals using the following keyword search strategy depending on the theme of the chapter: “high-sugar diet” OR “high-carbohydrate diet” OR “sugar” OR “glucose” OR “fructose” OR “added sugar” AND keywords. We excluded inaccessible or pay-walled articles, abstracts, conference papers, editorials, letters, commentary, and short notes. Reviews, experimental studies, and epidemiological data, published since 1990s, were searched and collected depending on the chapter structure. After the search, all duplicates are thrown out and full texts were read, and findings were rescreened. After the selection process, appropriate papers were included to present in this review.     

苦参总碱抗柯萨奇B病毒作用机理的研究

在证实苦参具有抗柯萨奇Ｂ病毒（ＣＶＢ）作用的实验基础上，作者以纯化ＣＶＢ３作为病毒蛋白质对照，通过空斑测定及病毒蛋白质Ｌ－３５Ｓ－甲硫氨酸标记等方法，了解到纯化苦参总碱抗ＣＶＢ的作用机理是不影响病毒吸附、穿入，但它能进入细胞内影响病毒的生物合成，主要表现为抑制病毒蛋白质的合成。     

牙周炎患者种植义齿修复后口腔自我维护的临床观察

目的：探讨菌斑显示剂在牙周炎患者种植义齿修复后口腔维护中的作用。方法整群选择2013年5月—2015年2月在医院进行义齿修复的62例患者共78颗种植体作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组31例39颗种植体。在修复后的口腔自我维护中,对照组给予一般维护,观察组在此基础上给予菌斑显示剂,比较两组患者的牙周参数和种植体周围黏膜炎发生率。结果种植体完成修复2周后,两组患者PLI、SBI、PD和菌斑指数与对照组相较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);修复3个月后所有患者观察组PLI、SBI、PD和菌斑指数均优于对照组(P<0.05);种植修复后1年内,观察组种植体周围粘膜炎平均发生率为45.6%,对照组为59.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论系统的口腔自我维护能够显著降低牙周炎患者种植体周围黏膜炎的发生率,使用菌斑显示剂让患者对菌斑有良好的自我控制效果显著。