Molecular oncogene markers and their significance in cutaneous malignant melanoma

Background: Oncogenes and other molecular tumor markers that predict tumor aggressiveness may allow individualization and optimization of surgical therapy of intermediate-thickness malignant melanoma. We examined the expression of selected markers, including the HLA-DR antigen, the heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), and the c-myc oncogene in primary melanoma and regional nodes and related these findings to metastatic potential and survival. Methods: Forty patients with primary melanoma (1.5–4.0 mm) were studied, all of whom had prophylactic lymph node dissection and were followed for 18 months to 7 years. The primary tissue and nodes were examined using immunohistochemical techniques for the presence of HLA-DR antigen and HSP-70 protein and the expression of the c-myc oncogene. Results: Of 40 patients, there were 23 with lesions 1 to 2.9 mm thick and 17 with lesions 3 to 4 mm thick. Nodal metastases were present in 25 of the 40 patients who had elective node dissection. HLA-DR antibody stained the primary tumor in 10 patients (25%), but there was no correlation with survival in this group. HLA-DR antibody stained the stroma and cellular infiltrates surrounding the primary tumor in 28 of 40 patients; in this group there was a correlation of HLA-DR staining of the peritumoral stroma with improved survival overall. HLA-DR staining of the peritumoral stroma also influenced survival when patients were stratified by tumor thickness groups 1 to 2.9 mm and 3 to 4 mm and presence of nodal metastases. HSP-70 was demonstrated in the primary tumor in 25% of patients, who were also shown to have significantly improved survival when compared with those whose primary tumor did not stain with HSP-70. C-myc was expressed in the primary tumor in 25%, but showed no correlation with survival. None of these proteins correlated with or predicted the presence of nodal metastases. Conclusion: We conclude that the use of specific molecular-oncogene markers in intermediate-thickness primary melanoma may identify patients at high risk for conventional treatment failure and reduced survival who may profit from more aggressive surgery, adjuvant therapy, or both.Presented at the 48th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, March 23–26, 1995.     

聚合酶链反应产物特异性的阳性证实

以聚合酶链反应(PCR)法在mRNA水平检测T淋巴细胞受体α链可变区基因表达为例,介绍用~(32)P标记的人工合成寡核苷酸探针对PCR产物特异性作阳性证实的方法。该法以干琼脂糖凝胶作为支持物、相对较为简便和省财。用Ca探针以干凝胶作支持物的杂交结果,证实29个Vα基因的PCR扩增中物均为特异性的,放射自显影的带型与位置和溴乙锭染色所示完全吻合。     

胃肠癌患者血清及癌组织癌胚抗原的检测意义

应用放射免疫测定法,对20例胃肠癌患者进行了血清癌胚抗原(CEA)测定,并应用免疫组化法对其中16例癌组织中的CEA进行了检测.检测结果,血清CEA阳性6例,癌组织CEA阳性9例.低分化癌的血清CEA显著高于高分化癌(P<0.05).血清CEA与癌灶部位、癌组织CEA与分化程度及血清CEA均无关(P>0.05).提示血清CEA的含量与癌组织的分化程度有关,血清CEA与癌组织内的CEA无平行关系.作者并对其机制及检测CEA的意义进行讨论.     

Rapid effect of stress concentration corticosterone on glutamate receptor and its subtype NMDA receptor activity in cultured hippocampal neurons

Objective: To study the rapid effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on NMDA receptor activity in hippocampal neurons in stress and to elucidate its underlying probable membrane mechanisms. Methods: Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was used to assess the effect of stress concentration corticosterone (B) on the responses of cultured hippocampal neurons to glutamate and NMDA (N-methy-D-asparatic acid). To make clear the target of B, intracellular dialysis of B(10μmol/L)through patch pipette and extracellular application of bovine serum albumin-conjugated corticosterone (B-BSA, 10μmol/L)were carried out to observe their influence on peak amplitude of NMDA-evoked current. Results: B had a rapid, reversible and inhibitory effect on peak amplitude of GLU-or NMDA-evoked current in cultured hippoeampal neurons. Furthermore, B-BSA had the inhibitory effect on INMDA as that of B, but intraeeUularly dialyzed B had no significant effect on INMDA. Conclusion: These results suggest that under the condition of stress, GCs may rapidly, negatively regulate excitatory synaptic receptors-glutamate receptors (GluRs), especially NMDA receptor (NMDAR) in central nervous system, which is mediated by rapid membrane mechanisms, but not by classical, genomic mechanisms.     

Rapid tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia induced by isoflurane anesthesia is attenuated by adenosine A1 receptor antagonist in rats

The brief anesthesia with isoflurane induces rapid tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia in rats and aden-osine A1 receptor antagonist, DPCPX, attenuates the beneficial effect of isoflurane preconditioning.     

SA、F/TPSA及PSAD在前列腺癌诊断中的作用

目的 :探讨血清前列腺特异抗原 (PSA) ,血清总PSA及游离PSA比值 (F/TPSA)及前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)在前列腺癌诊断中的作用。方法 :对 5 1例前列腺癌患者及 14 5例良性前列腺增生症患者PSA、F/TPSA及PSAD值的差异进行分析、比较。结果 :前列腺癌组血清PSA及PSAD高于良性前列腺增生组 ;而F/TPSA值低于良性前列腺增生组 ,差异均有显著性。结论 :PSA >4ng·ml-1作为筛选前列腺癌的临界值存在一定缺陷 ;当PSA <10ng·ml-1,F/T值有助于鉴别前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生 ;而PSAD对于筛选前列腺活检病例亦有一定价值。