The free lateral arm flap in reconstructive hand surgery

Microsurgical tissue transplantation has provided a great advance in reconstructive surgery, especially regarding upper limb defects. Compared to conventional pedicled flaps, mobilisation can occur earlier, hospital stay is shorter and no additional interventions for pedicle detachment and flap inset are needed. The lateral arm flap is an exceptionally versatile free flap with straightforward dissection and low donor site morbidity. End-to-side anastomosis preserves blood flow through the main arteries to the hand and reduces the risk of vascular compromise of the hand, which is especially important in case of severe hand injuries. Sixteen patients who underwent hand reconstruction using the lateral arm free flap are reviewed. All arterial anastomoses were conducted in end-to-side-technique either to the radial or the ulnar artery. There was no total- or partial-flap failure and only one revisional procedure due to a haematoma under the anastomosis. Eight flaps required secondary defatting, combined with removal of osteosynthesis material or tenolysis. From our point of view the free lateral arm flap is a very reliable and versatile method to resurface small and medium sized hand defects.     

周围神经端侧动脉套接后神经再生的研究

目的研究周围神经端侧动脉套接后神经再生的可能性及其特点. 方法取SD大鼠75只,在股骨中下段切断腓神经,将近断端逆转90度包埋于肌肉中.随机分为5组.A组:将截取的左颈总动脉套接于右侧正常胫神经侧方与腓总神经远端2 mm距离之间,缝合部胫神经外膜不予切除;B组:在胫神经套接部外膜开窗1.0 mm;C组:腓总神经切断14天后再予动脉套接,余同B组;D组:同B组,且于动脉套接部注入神经生长因子(neural growth factor, NGF)1 ml;E组:将腓总神经远端以端侧缝合形式直接缝合于胫神经的一侧,外膜开窗1.0 mm.术后4、8和12周分别行组织学、电镜和神经纤维计数等检查. 结果 4周时C、D及E组周边区域有神经纤维轴突和髓鞘再生,A组则无神经纤维生长; 8周时C、D及E组再生神经纤维较B组多,E组神经纤维较C、D组多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 12周时C、D及E组神经纤维多于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组及D组有较丰富的神经再生,与神经端侧直接吻合的E组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论神经端侧2 mm距离动脉套接可作为修复周围神经损伤的一种可行方法.     

Probiotics partly reverse increased bacterial translocation after simultaneous liver resection and colonic anastomosis in rats

BACKGROUND: Bacterial translocation is one important cause of nosocomial infections following major abdominal surgery. Oral administration of probiotics has been proposed to diminish bacterial translocation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In total 68 rats were divided into seven groups: five of the groups received standard rat chow and were subjected to either sham-operation, 70% liver resection, colonic anastomosis, or a combination of 30 or 70% liver resection with synchronous colonic anastomosis, respectively. In two additional groups with synchronous operation, a combination of four different lactic acid bacteria and four fibers was administered two times daily pre- and postoperatively. Bacterial concentrations in cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen were analyzed and blood cultures were taken 48 h after operation. Furthermore, the following parameters were assessed: histological changes in the intestine, intestinal paracellular permeability (Ussing chamber), bursting pressure of the colonic anastomosis, and mitosis rate of the remnant liver. RESULTS: Bacterial translocation was observed in all rats, except in the sham group. Following liver resection, the highest bacterial concentrations were seen in liver and spleen, following colon anastomosis in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Bacterial translocation was increased in the animals with combined operation, in parallel to the extent of liver resection. In rats with colon anastomosis, bacterial concentration in the cecum was also higher than in the sham group. Application of probiotics significantly decreased bacterial concentration in the lymph nodes. In addition, animals with a high cecal concentration of lactobacilli had less translocation than the others. No histological changes were observed in the intestine. Paracellular permeability for ions, but not for the larger molecule lactulose, was increased in the colon in all groups with colon anastomosis. The bursting pressure of the colon anastomosis was not significantly different between the groups. Seventy percent liver resection led to a high rate of hepatocyte mitosis, whereas combination with colon anastomosis impaired the regeneration process. CONCLUSION: Synchronous liver resection and colon anastomosis led to increased bacterial translocation compared to the single operations in the rat model. It is possible to diminish this process by oral administration of probiotics. Bacterial overgrowth in the cecum and impaired hepatic regeneration, but not histological changes or alterations of paracellular permeability, are potential pathogenic mechanisms for translocation in this setting.     

完全腹腔镜Roux—en—Y吻合术式应用于远端胃癌根治术20例

目的探讨完全腹腔镜Roux．en—Y吻合术式应用于远端胃癌根治术的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析福建省肿瘤医院腹部外科2012年8月至2013年3月对腹腔镜胃大部切除术后实施完全腹腔镜Roux．en—Y吻合术的20例胃癌患者的术中和术后临床资料。结果20例患者均成功实施完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术,无一例中转开腹或中转腹腔镜辅助手术。手术时间（190．8±53．6）min,术中出血量（122．4±57．7）ml,淋巴结清扫数（31．2±5．7）枚,术后病理切缘均为阴性。术后排气时间为（2．6±1．6）d,住院时间为（8．1±2．0）d。有1例术后出现肺部感染,但无吻合术相关并发症发生。结论完全腹腔镜Roux—en—Y吻合术式应用于远端胃癌根治术安全且可行。     

Vasopressor use after initial damage control laparotomy increases risk for anastomotic disruption in the management of destructive colon injuries

Background

Management of destructive colon injuries during damage control (DC) laparotomy is debated. The authors reviewed a single institution's experience with destructive colon injuries to identify risk factors for anastomotic failure after colon reconstruction.

Methods

The authors identified all trauma patients sustaining destructive colon injuries between 2002 and 2011 from their medical center's trauma registry. Anastomotic leak was defined as suture or staple line disruption or enteral fistula formation.

Results

Of 171 identified patients, 68 had DC procedures, 41 (60%) had subsequent anastomoses performed during the same hospitalization, and 27 (40%) were diverted. The colon anastomotic leak rate in patients who underwent DC laparotomy was higher than in patients who were reconstructed at the primary operation in a non-DC setting (17% vs 6%, P = .09). The use of vasopressors after the initial DC operation more than quadrupled the leak rate to 50% (P = .02).

Conclusions

Colonic anastomotic disruptions yield deadly consequences, and diversion rather than anastomosis should be used in patients who require vasopressor support after the initial DC procedure.     

C4副神经移位重建斜方肌功能的实验研究

目的探讨以C4神经前支主干作为动力神经移位修复副神经重建大鼠斜方肌功能的可行性,为临床用于副神经缺损的动力性修复提供理论依据。方法取36只成年雄性SD大鼠,体重200～250 g;随机分为实验组与对照组(n=18)。实验组左侧行C4副神经移位重建术,对照组左侧行副神经切除术;两组右侧不做任何处理,作为正常对照。术后1、2、3个月实验组行复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)及肌肉功能检测,计算潜伏期延迟率、最大波幅恢复率及肌张力恢复率;取两组斜方肌行HE染色,计算肌细胞截面积恢复率;取实验组神经吻合口远端神经行甲苯胺蓝染色,计算吻合口远端有髓神经纤维恢复率。并于术后1、3个月取实验组斜方肌及神经行透射电镜观察。结果随时间延长,实验组斜方肌CMAP最大波幅逐渐增加,潜伏期缩短,肌张力逐步恢复;神经吻合口远端有髓纤维逐渐增加。至术后3个月肩、背斜方肌CMAP最大波幅恢复率为63.61%±9.29%、73.13%±11.85%,潜伏期延迟率为130.45%±37.27%、112.62%±19.57%,肌张力恢复率为77.27%±13.64%、82.47%±22.94%,有髓纤维通过率为82.55%±5.00%。随神经支配恢复,实验组肌细胞截面积亦逐渐增大,且各时间点与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月时斜方肌肌节排列紊乱,3个月时逐步趋于整齐。结论 C4副神经移位重建术可有效重建大鼠斜方肌的运动功能。     

Wallace direct versus anti-reflux Le Duc ureteroileal anastomosis: comparative analysis in modified Studer orthotopic neobladder reconstruction

Objectives: To investigate and compare Wallace direct ureteroileal anastomosis with Le Duc anti‐reflux procedure in modified Studer orthotopic neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy. Methods: A total of 72 consecutive patients who underwent modified Studer orthotopic bladder reconstruction after a radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were investigated. They were examined for vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, and pyelonephritis at 6 months after surgery according to the type of ureteroileal anastomosis. Results: Vesicoureteral reflux occurred in 29 ureters (38.2%) after the Wallace procedure compared to six ureters (9.6%) with the Le Duc (P < 0.05). Hydronephrosis was detected in 12 ureters (18.8%) in the Le Duc patients compared to seven (9%) in the Wallace patients (P > 0.05). Six months after the operation, all three patients with vesicoureteral reflux‐related hydronephrosis improved using clean intermittent catheterization in the Le Duc patients; five of seven patients were cured by clean intermittent catheterization and two improved without any treatment in the Wallace patients. Seven of nine cases of ureteroileal anastomosis stenosis causing hydronephrosis were cured without any treatment but one case resulted in a non‐functional kidney despite treatment of the stenosis. Conclusions: Direct ureteroileal anastomosis using the Wallace method is effective for minimizing ureteroileal anastomosis stenosis and it represents a simple surgical procedure when combined with a modified Studer procedure.     

快速康复外科理念在胆肠吻合术中的临床应用效果分析

目的探讨快速康复外科(FTS)理念在胆肠吻合术中应用的临床效果。方法选择72例经评估可耐受并必须实施胆肠吻合术的患者,随机实施分组,即FTS组(n=36)和对照组(n=36),比较两组麻醉苏醒时间、术后离床活动时间、通气时间、住院天数及住院费用、术后并发症的差别。结果快速康复外科组术后麻醉苏醒时间、术后离床活动时间、通气时间、住院天数及住院费用显著降低(P<0.01),两组麻醉苏醒时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论快速康复外科理念对胆肠吻合手术有较好的临床应用价值,可明显加快患者的康复速度,缩短住院日程,节省同类手术的住院费用。     

完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性。方法 2011年3～9月,对6例先天性胆总管囊肿行完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术。术中常规切除胆囊,游离囊肿壁,于正常肝总管交界处离断。距十二指肠悬韧带15～20 cm处切断空肠,于断端远端下方约50 cm处用腔镜直线切割吻合器行肠肠吻合,镜下用3-0可吸收线行肝总管-空肠端侧吻合。结果手术均获成功。术后随访3～9个月,平均5.5月,无出血、胆漏、吻合口狭窄、肠漏、腹腔脓肿、逆行感染等并发症发生。结论完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿是可行的,并且具有切口小、术后腹壁瘢痕小、创伤轻、美观等微创特点。     

预防吻合口瘘的研究现状与进展

吻合口瘘是低位直肠癌癌前切除术的严重并发症,有着较高的发病率和病死率.近年来,许多方法被用来降低吻合口瘘的发病率,本文查阅了PudMed以及万方数据库,聚焦于预防吻合口瘘的方法及对策,主要有:保护性造口、盲肠置管造口术、经肛肠腔减压术、管腔内旁路技术、无需回纳预防性造瘘术,每种方法各有优劣.截止到目前,传统的保护性造口应用较为广泛,其他方法的优势均缺少高水平实验的证据支持,但是,无需回纳预防性造瘘术可以完全转流粪便,不需二次手术回纳造口,初步显示效果良好,值得进一步研究.