User- and Message-Level Correlates of Endorsement and Engagement for HIV-Related Messages on Twitter: Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundYouth and young adults continue to experience high rates of HIV and are also frequent users of social media. Social media platforms such as Twitter can bolster efforts to promote HIV prevention for these individuals, and while HIV-related messages exist on Twitter, little is known about the impact or reach of these messages for this population.ObjectiveThis study aims to address this gap in the literature by identifying user and message characteristics that are associated with tweet endorsement (favorited) and engagement (retweeted) among youth and young men (aged 13-24 years).MethodsIn a secondary analysis of data from a study of HIV-related messages posted by young men on Twitter, we used model selection techniques to examine user and tweet-level factors associated with tweet endorsement and engagement.ResultsTweets from personal user accounts garnered greater endorsement and engagement than tweets from institutional users (aOR 3.27, 95% CI 2.75-3.89; P<.001). High follower count was associated with increased endorsement and engagement (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; P<.001); tweets that discussed STIs garnered lower endorsement and engagement (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47-1.74; P<.001).ConclusionsFindings suggest practitioners should partner with youth to design and disseminate HIV prevention messages on social media, incorporate content that resonates with youth audiences, and work to challenge stigma and foster social norms conducive to open conversation about sex, sexuality, and health.     

西宁地区严重创伤患者并发成人呼吸窘迫综合征氧动力学变化

目的 探讨西宁地区严重创伤后并发成人呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ）时氧动力学变化,为治疗提供理论依据。方法 利用Ｓｗａｎ－ Ｇａｎｚ导管及热稀释法心输出量测定技术对２０例ＡＲＤＳ患者进行监测。结果 （保）监测开始１～２ｄ存活组和死亡组的氧输送（ＤＯ２）逐渐上升,氧耗量（ＶＯ２）也随之上升,出现病理性氧供依赖（ｒ＝０．６１７６,Ｐ〈０．０５）,两组间比较无显著性差异。（２）抢救４－５ｄ以后,存活组患者Ｄ     

健康成人颈动脉弹性特征的研究

目的 应用速度向量成像(VVI)技术分析健康成人颈总动脉(CCA)短轴方向管壁运动和弹性参数特点及其与影响因素间的关系.方法 2013年12月至2015年7月我院健康体检者400例依据年龄、性别分组,采用Siemens Acuson Sequoia 512彩色多普勒超声诊断仪采集CCA动态短轴二维图像,以VVI技术测量各组颈总动脉管壁短轴方向各侧壁(前壁、外侧壁、后壁、内侧壁)的收缩期峰值速度(Vmax)、峰值应变(Smax)及峰值应变率(SRmax).结果 健康成人颈总动脉各侧壁的弹性参数Smax、SRmax比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而外侧壁和前壁的运动参数Vmax分别为(6.65±0.80)×10-2 cm/s、(5.66±0.73)×10-2 cm/s,明显高于后壁和内侧壁的(3.70±0.81)×10-2 cm/s、(3.86±0.36)×10-2 cm/s,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);运动参数Vmax男性组均数为(6.25±1.17)×10-2 cm/s,均大于女性组的(4.66±1.28)×10-2 cm/s,而弹性参数Smax、SRmax女性组均数分别为(3.72±0.42)%、(0.21±0.17)/s,均大于男性组的(3.02±0.42)%、(0.17±0.20)/s,各项指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着年龄的增长,各项指标呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 VVI技术可用于研究健康成人CCA管壁的运动力学特点及其与影响因素之间的关系.     

某院青壮年患者疾病谱构成分析

目的 探讨青壮年住院病例的特点.方法 对某院青壮年住院病案资料进行回顾性分析.结果 女性病人多于男性;前五位住院疾病为妊娠分娩产褥期病、消化系统病、肿瘤、泌尿生殖系统病和损伤中毒.前五位死因为肿瘤、循环系统病、损伤中毒、消化系统病和呼吸系统病.前后5年对比,循环系统病有增加趋势,损伤中毒有减少趋势.结论 把女性青壮年人群作为保健重点,并注重青壮年人群的恶性肿瘤、循环系统病和损伤中毒的防治,才能提高生命质量,降低病死率.     

2型糖尿病患者血清中4种胰岛自身抗体检测的临床意义

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADA)、酪氨酸磷酸酶抗体(IA2)、抗胰岛细胞抗体(ICA)和抗胰岛素抗体(IAA)4种胰岛自身抗体检测的临床价值。方法:对978例T2DM患者和80例正常对照者血清中4种胰岛自身抗体进行检测、比较。结果:GADA、IAA、IA2和ICA在T2DM患者中的阳性率分别为7.1%、7.2%、3.3%和0.5%,联合检测总阳性率为16.0%,明显高于正常对照组3.8%的阳性率。GADA和IA2两种抗体联合检测阳性率为9.2%。T2DM患者中各抗体阳性较少重叠。结论:GADA和IA2两种抗体联合检测对检出T2DM中的成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)有重要指导价值,以利于对患者尽快采取有效措施保护胰岛B细胞功能,减少进一步的损伤。     

Behavioral Health Risk Factors and Motivation to Change among Cardiovascular General Hospital Patients Aged 50 to 79 Years

Little is known about the (co-)occurrence of smoking, alcohol at-risk drinking, physical inactivity and overweight, and the motivation to change these behavioral health risk factors (HRFs) in older general hospital patients with cardiovascular disease. Between October and December 2016, all consecutively admitted patients aged 50 to 79 years were proactively recruited on 3 cardiology wards and asked to participate in a survey on HRFs and behavior change motivation. Of the eligible patients, 80.4% participated in the survey (n = 328). The mean age was 66.5 years (standard deviation 9.0), and 65.5% were male. At least 1 HRF was present in 91.8% (n = 280), at least 2 HRFs in 54.4% (n = 166), and 3 or 4 HRFs in 12.1% (n = 37) of participants. The proportion of older adults who contemplated or were changing or planning to change their behavior to meet health behavior recommendations ranged between 66.0% (smoking) and 93.2% (alcohol consumption). The results indicate a notable co-occurrence of behavioral HRFs in older patients with cardiovascular disease. The majority of older adults were at least considering changing the respective behavior. To prevent and treat diseases efficiently, hospitalization may be a suitable moment for systematic multiple HRF screening and intervention.     

Advances in Trace Element Supplementation for Parenteral Nutrition

Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides support for patients lacking sufficient intestinal absorption of nutrients. Historically, the need for trace element (TE) supplementation was poorly appreciated, and multi-TE products were not initially subjected to rigorous oversight by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Subsequently, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) issued dosage recommendations for PN, which are updated periodically. The FDA has implemented review and approval processes to ensure access to safer and more effective TE products. The development of a multi-TE product meeting ASPEN recommendations and FDA requirements is the result of a partnership between the FDA, industry, and clinicians with expertise in PN. This article examines the rationale for the development of TRALEMENT^® (Trace Elements Injection 4*) and the FDA’s rigorous requirements leading to its review and approval. This combination product contains copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc and is indicated for use in adults and pediatric patients weighing ≥10 kg. Comprehensive management of PN therapy requires consideration of many factors when prescribing, reviewing, preparing, and administering PN, as well as monitoring the nutritional status of patients receiving PN. Understanding patients’ TE requirements and incorporating them into PN is an important part of contemporary PN therapy.